The southern Kyrgyz are also known for a manual device for cleaning raw cotton from seeds — the chygyrik, which was widely used in areas where cotton cultivation has been practiced for a long time.
Kyrgyz people use a narrow-beamed horizontal loom that is widespread in Central Asia, Kazakhstan, and generally in the East. Weaving looms of other peoples in Central Asia and Kazakhstan have received sufficient attention in literature. All of them are structurally identical to the Kyrgyz loom, portable, and convenient for nomadic life.
Narrow-beamed weaving loom. 1 — the loom most common in the southwestern regions of the Osh region; // — the loom common in the eastern part of the Osh region; III — weaving. Nookat district. a — warp beam and creation of the heddle, b — heddle "kuzuk", c — separator "sherik", d — shuttle "arkak", e — breast beam "kılıç".
It should be noted that the loom, which was fundamentally identical in the past among different tribal groups of the southern Kyrgyz, also has some differences caused by the method of securing its main part — the kuzuk (heddles or threads). In some cases, the heddles are supported by three sticks (bakans) fastened at the top and placed on the ground on either side of the fabric, meaning that the loom externally has the same shape as those of the Tian Shan, Issyk-Kul, and Chui Kyrgyz. This method of setting up the loom is predominantly found in the eastern part of the Osh region. In the western areas of the region, a similarly set loom is encountered less frequently. In most cases, the heddles here are supported by a curved stick.
The Kyrgyz weaving loom is wooden. Its main parts are as follows: a sword-shaped breast beam (kılıç), which is used to beat the weft to the edge of the fabric, the heddle (kuzuk), a board (takta) that serves as a second heddle and is placed between the upper and lower layers of the warp, and a separator (sherik), whose main purpose is to prevent the warp threads from tangling.
For reference: There is a significant variation in the naming of the weaving loom in southern Kyrgyzstan, highlighting the complexity of the population's composition. The commonly accepted Turkic term — ormok — is used in the eastern part of the region. Those who identify themselves by origin with the tribal group içkilik call it dukon, i.e., just as they call any loom (for making wooden products, for sharpening knives, for carpet weaving, etc.). Alongside this, in some places, it is referred to as takta, kılıç, kılıç жана takta (Noygut group, Batken district: Nayman group, Frunze district), taar, terme taar (Nookat district), abzal (Kipchak group, Batken district). However, sometimes the term "ormok" is also found among the içkiliks. Among some groups identifying themselves as Adyghe (Soviet district), mungush (Nookat district), the names taar, dukon are used.
All parts of the loom are set up in the appropriate order after the warp is wound. The yarn is wound onto stakes (kazyks) driven into the ground, arranged as if at the corners of a polygon at a distance that depends on the length of the future fabric.