History of Bishkek
In the state-building of a nation, its capital holds an important place. The Kyrgyz are one of the oldest peoples. Their ancestors, the Sogdian people, who inhabited Bishkek in the 2nd century BC, had their own statehood. In the past, one of its capitals was located in Talas, where the "Manas" mound - the ruler of the state - has been preserved. The city of Bishkek is the capital of modern Kyrgyzstan. Its historical journey presents scientific and practical interest.
Brief information about the founding and development of the city is provided in a brochure by the chairman of the executive committee of the Frunze City Council, A. Takirbashev. The history of the revolutionary movement in Bishkek is significantly reflected in the essays on the history of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan.
In a brief historical essay in the book by Usubaliev T. U., the history of the emergence of the city of Bishkek is shown, the struggle of party organizations for the establishment of Soviet power in the city, the transformation of the capital into one of the largest industrial and cultural centers of Central Asia, the development of science and culture, and the prospects for the further development of the city.
The monograph by Galitsky V. A. is dedicated to the pre-revolutionary period of Bishkek's history. It briefly describes the history of Bishkek and its surroundings, examines the socio-economic aspects of Bishkek's history, the economic activities of the townspeople, the emergence of capitalist relations in the city's economy, as well as its socio-cultural life during the colonial period. It shows the role of Bishkek as a center for the spread of the revolutionary movement in the region from 1905 to 1917.
A large group of authors has published an encyclopedic reference book on Frunze. At the beginning of the book, there are overview essays about the natural conditions of the city, its population, history, economy, science, and culture. The reference part of the book consists of more than 800 articles. It contains information about the most important historical events. The author of this work was one of the authors of the articles in this encyclopedic reference book.
In the brochure by Malabaev D. M., the functioning of the revolutionary committee of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region in Bishkek is shown, the formation of national statehood of the Kyrgyz people, and the establishment of Bishkek as the capital of Kyrgyzstan.
The statistical department of Frunze has published a brief statistical collection containing data on the economic, social, and cultural development of the city of Frunze. In the monograph by B. Nurmanbetov, the life and activities of the capital of Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War from 1941 to 1945 are shown. In the monograph by D. M. Malabaev, the role of city and district councils in the city and the socio-economic development of the capital is highlighted.
From the above, it is clear that the published works cover specific periods in the history of Bishkek. Moreover, over time, these works have become rare in libraries. In general, there is no comprehensive work summarizing the entire 200-year history of Bishkek. In addition to the aforementioned works, documents from the state archive of the Kyrgyz Republic were used in writing this work, stored in the funds: 6 - Pishpek County Administration, 7 - Pishpek City Public Administration, 13 - Chief of Tokmak County, 20 - Revolutionary Committee of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region, 21 - Central Executive Committee of the Kyrgyz ASSR, 89 - Pishpek Ugorrevkom and Ugorisplkom, 353 - Pishpek County Department, 736 - County-City Committee of the "Koshchi" Union of Pishpek County, 350 - Council of People's Commissars of the Kyrgyz SSR, 1341 - Frunze City Executive Committee of the Council, 1445 - Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kyrgyz SSR, 1722 - Pishpek City Administration of the Semirechye Region, and the current archive of the Bishkek Mayor and City Council.
In the state archive of the Almaty region of the Kazakh Republic, documents from the following funds were used: 136 - Semirechye Regional Land Department, 350 - Semirechye Regional Revolutionary Committee, 489 - Semirechye (Jetisui) Oblast Executive Committee. Materials published in the press - newspapers: "Batyratskaya Pravda," "Voice of Semirechye," "Red Morning," "Pishpek Leaf," "Soviet Kyrgyzstan," "Evening Frunze," and "Evening Bishkek" were also used.
Not claiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted life and activities in the history of Bishkek, relying on published data and archival documents, our work examines: the emergence and development of Bishkek, the revolutionary upheaval in the city, the establishment of Bishkek as the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Frunze during the Great Patriotic War, the post-war development of the capital, the strengthening of the material and technical base of the city, the industrial development of the capital, the increasing role of transport, communication, and trade in the lives and activities of the townspeople, the capital as a center of scientific thought and culture, the capital as a forge for preparing a qualified workforce, the development of urban planning and improvement, foreign relations of the capital, the formation and activities of local self-government and the city council.
The formation and development of the award-winning city - the capital of Kyrgyzstan had progressive significance.
It contributed to the growth of the material and spiritual culture of its residents. Over its long history, with its economic and cultural potential, Bishkek has emerged on the international stage.