Decree "on the implementation of land and water reform"
V. I. Lenin paid great attention to the letter from the Kyrgyz, and when preparing the draft resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) on Turkestan on June 13, 1920, there is a note from V. I. Lenin: "And what about the settlers, the kulaks? Robbery? And to equalize their lands? Where it speaks of the eviction of hostile elements to Soviet power, V. I. Lenin raised the question: "And the kulaks, 1 out of 10?" On June 22, 1920, reconsidering this issue, V. I. Lenin once again pointed out that it is necessary to: "(1) equalize land ownership of Russians and newcomers with local people, (2) break up, evict, and subjugate the kulaks in the most vigorous manner... (4) systematically think through, prepare, and carry out the transfer of power — gradually, but steadily — to local councils of workers."
A practical step in solving this issue was the adoption in September 1920 by the IX Congress of the Councils of the Turkestan ASSR of the Decree "on the implementation of land and water reform." At the same time, the flow of refugees — Kyrgyz from western China to Pishpek and other districts, whose property was looted during the uprising of 1916, intensified.
The government commission for Turkestan, represented by: Sh. Eliyev (chairman), members: M. V. Frunze, V. Kuibyshev, T. Ryskulov, addressed the population of the Semirechye region with an explanation that the legacies of colonialism in land and national relations would be eradicated, that a state of military emergency was temporarily declared in Semirechye, and pointed to the need for the introduction of military-revolutionary committees.
Without the use of force, the land and water reform could not be implemented, which was supported by the presence of military units. On February 17, 1921, a cavalry unit of the 4th Rifle Tatar Brigade, numbering more than 3,000 fighters and commanders, arrived in Pishpek from Fergana.
The support of the land management commissions and extraordinary troikas also consisted of the poor, united in the union "Koshchi," and the suffering Kyrgyz population, with 1,331 statements about the looting of property by kulak-colonizers in 1916-1920.
The authorized troika of the expedition of the regional party committee and the regional military revolutionary committee in the southwestern part (Pishpek and Karakol districts) of the Semirechye region, upon arrival in the city of Pishpek on April 2, 1921, published a resolution on the complete liquidation within two weeks of the unauthorized settlements, hamlets, and castles formed through seizure in 1916-1918 and their transfer to the Kyrgyz poor, on the complete confiscation of looted agricultural equipment, livestock, and the transfer of all property to the disposal of the union of the Kyrgyz poor, on providing economic assistance to the Kyrgyz and Russian poor, on cleaning local authorities of kulak and other criminal elements, strengthening them with representatives of the poor.
Colonial kulaks attempted to disrupt the implementation of land and water reform, offering all kinds of resistance. These attempts were suppressed by the authorized troika of the Semirechye region expedition. 31 individuals from among the former punitive forces against the Kyrgyz population in 1916-1918, who refused to return the looted property and livestock, were arrested and imprisoned, which was reported in a special announcement published on April 20, 1921.
In the Pishpek district, 5 acceptance commissions for looted property and livestock were organized. According to incomplete data as of April 25, 1921, the following was accepted: horses — 461, working cattle — 329, rams — 947, carts and wagons — 100, plows — 36, harrows — 12, threshing machines — 30, samovars — 55, carpets — 232, felt — 229, yurts — 387, mirrors — 13, saddles — 42, sewing machines — 67, bags — 37, fur coats — 38, and caps — 97 pieces. All of them were transferred to the disposal of the union "Koshchi" for the Kyrgyz poor.
In addition, the acceptance commission allocated for distribution to returning refugees: manufactured goods — 20,111 arshins, horses — 329, large cattle — 305, rams — 329, camels — 367 heads, wheat — 196 poods, yurts — 110, money — 384,244 rubles. Of the newly arrived refugees, more than 6,000 were settled in liberated unauthorized settlements: Ketsbulun — 53, Issyk-Ata — 51, Kegety — 205, Karakemer — 12, Borozovskoye — 263, Atayke — 154, and 38 families in non-working borrowings.
The plight of the Kyrgyz in 1918. Letter to V.I. Lenin