Development of Industry in the City of Osh.
During the Great Patriotic War, hydroelectric power plants, a meat processing plant, and a liquor factory were put into operation in the city of Osh. In the post-war years — a period of industrial development for the city — repair shops, electrical-mechanical, foundry-mechanical plants, a garment and shoe factory, and other enterprises were built.
In the 1960s to the 1990s, the city of Osh became a major economic center, which allowed the city's industrial products to be supplied to all republics of the Union and 15 foreign countries. During this period, an asphalt concrete plant (1962), a large-panel house-building plant (1963), two reinforced concrete products plants (1963–1968), a thermal power plant with a capacity of 50 kW (1966), and a construction materials plant (1979) were built on the basis of two brick factories — a lightweight aggregate and a lime factory — a gravel sorting plant and others were established.
Currently, there are more than 2000 enterprises, institutions, and cooperatives in Osh, of which 1835 private small businesses have been opened in recent years. Of these, 350 are engaged in commercial mediation activities, 89 produce consumer goods, and 41 provide various services to the city's residents.
One of the major enterprises in the city is the Osh Machine Engineering Plant (1992), its main product is deep well electric pumps, the production of which in 1990 amounted to 48,525 units.
They have been exported to Egypt, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Cuba for 16 years, and since 1994 — to Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In terms of production of this product, the plant occupies a leading position among industrial enterprises of the CIS.
The construction of roads and transport vehicles played a significant role in the development of the city's economy.
The construction of roads from 1930 was of strategic importance: Osh—Khorog (Pamir Highway); Osh — Kyzyl-Korgon (107 km); Osh—Myza-Ake (78.4 km). The road Osh—Khorog was built by a prominent specialist Naum Yakovlevich Federmesser. He participated in the revolutionary struggle and the First World War. During the Civil War, he was the military commissioner of the Turkestan Republic. Before the arrival of M. V. Frunze and V. Kuibyshev in Tashkent, he was tasked with creating and staffing the first division of border troops in Central Asia. After his studies, N. Federmesser headed Uzglavdortans. From 1930, he became the head of Pamirstroy. Subsequently, he ended up in Osh. Here he staffed the Pamirstroy apparatus with experienced personnel, including Sergey Zorin, the father of the now-famous international journalist Valentin Zorin. Among the first engineers and technicians were Yu. Malyushitsky, L. Barre, V. Karpov, T. Popov, G. Novikov, and others.
After building the Osh—Khorog highway, N. Ya. Federmesser lived in Osh for some time, then in 1959 moved to Tashkent, where he soon passed away.
The first passenger buses appeared in the region in 1940 in Osh. There were two ZIS-16 buses that operated along Lenin and Rabochy-Dehkansky streets (now Kyrgyzstan Street). The length of the route was 8 km. In 1980, there were thirteen bus routes with a total length of 372.3 km, serviced by 157 buses of the brands LAZ-4202 and LAZ-695. There were 7 dispatch points for them.
There were 14 inter-republican bus routes with a total length of 1782.5 km, serviced by 28 buses daily, and 20 intercity routes with a total length of 2713 km (48 buses).
Passengers were served by 3 bus stations, 16 bus stops, and 9 bus ticket offices. During 1986, over 150 million passengers were transported.
With the opening of the intercity bus station, the old bus station was relieved. From the new bus station, 15–17 thousand passengers were sent annually to cities: Tashkent, Andijan, Fergana, Namangan, Leninabad, Jalal-Abad, Kyzyl-Kiya, and all districts of the Osh and Jalal-Abad regions.
In 1963, a repair plant for GAZ-51 and ZIL-130 vehicles was built. It employed 300 workers.
In the traffic of the city of Osh, 8 main streets stand out: Lenin — 7.4 km, Sverdlov — 8.1 km, Kyrgyzstan — 4.3 km, Kasymbekov — 3.3 km, Telman — 3.3 km, and others. In 1986, Osh had 337 km of streets and roads, and 1 underground passage near the central market. The city had 1906 units of vehicles, including 8106 cars, 304 motorcycles, 3292 personal cars, and 2637 personal motorcycles. The city installed 2708 road signs and 22 traffic lights.
The development of road transport in the Osh region and the city of Osh has been greatly influenced by K. Mamakeev, A. Iordan, Zh. Sharapov, Dzh. Beyshenbiev, and others. Januzak Beyshenbiev, after graduating from the Frunze Polytechnic Institute as a transport engineer, was sent to the city of Osh and worked as the deputy head of the Southern Production Auto Trust from 1965 to 1973. From 1973 to 1985, he was the head of the Osh city taxi base. During this time, he made a significant contribution to the development of passenger transport. If in 1965 there were 5–6 routes, by 1975 their number had increased to 15. Minibuses of the RAF brand began to operate, increasing from 10 to 100 units. A feature of this period was that buses and taxis were equipped with telephones and radios. This innovation yielded positive results. In 1985, the number of taxis reached 200 units, and RAFs reached 120 units.
The activities of the taxi base were consistently noted on the Honor Board, and the director was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.
Another transport leader was Zholbold Sharapov, who served as the director of bus base No. 4 in Osh from 1971 to 1977, and from 1977 to 1992 was the chief engineer and head of the Southern Auto Trust. As the head, he provided comprehensive assistance to the city. Every year, 32–48 apartment buildings were constructed for workers. Training courses for drivers were organized. The subsidiary farm provided food products for workers. In 1981, a recreation house for 100 places was opened. A kindergarten for transport workers' children was also in operation. Among the leaders and drivers in the city's auto trust, notable workers included V. Akhmedshin, M. Artykov, I. Begachev, S. Matkerimov, Zh. Sultanov, A. Li, A. Nugmanov, G. Khort, and many others. Among the transport workers, the most respected leaders were K. Mamakeev and A. Iordan. They organized and developed the city's transport economy.
Pre-revolutionary Osh never heard the whistle of a steam locomotive. Only during the Soviet era, in November 1929, was a railway line built from the Kara-Suu station to Osh (22 km). The railway brings a wide variety of products to Osh: coal, oil products, metal, various machines for industrial needs, agricultural needs, timber, grain, and food for the city's population.
Mainly, cotton, fabrics, and pumps are exported from Osh. The total cargo turnover of the Osh station in 1948 amounted to 75–80 thousand tons, and by 1964 it increased 4.5 times. The head of the Osh railway station, M. Ismailov, proudly states that the railway has now become a decisive factor in freight and passenger transport. This is why it has been decided to build the Bishkek—Osh railway, which will connect the northern and southern regions of the republic and fulfill the age-old dream of the Kyrgyz people. The initiator of this remarkable construction is President Askar Akayev, and future generations should know about this.
The trolleybus line in Osh began construction in 1971, and movement in the city was opened in 1976 on the line of the cotton processing plant. The length of the route was 5.5 km. In 1985, trolleybuses operated to the "Southeast" microdistrict (20 km). Initially, the trolleybus fleet consisted of 25 vehicles, employing 75 people. By 2000, the trolleybus line will connect the city with the left bank part of Ak-Bura.
In establishing communication between the city of Osh and other regions and the center of the republic, aviation plays a significant role.
In 1928, the first runway was built, and in 1930, an airport terminal was constructed. On June 12, 1963, an Il-18 airliner landed at Osh Airport for the first time, having flown the Frunze — Osh route. Since 1966, the Osh — Moscow route has been put into operation, and in 1967, the Osh—Sverdlovsk, Osh—Novosibirsk, and to the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus routes were opened. New air routes have been established between Turkey, the UAE, Pakistan, India, and other countries. Air transport connects the city with more than 20 cities in the CIS, and local air routes connect with individual district centers and some cities in the Osh and Jalal-Abad regions. In the near future, further reconstruction of the Osh airport is planned.
Osh