In the Osh region, we identify four main types of homesteads. We will first focus on the most ancient type, known as the Pamir type. Its distinctive feature is the placement of the house and the adjacent outbuildings under one roof. There is no courtyard. There is only one entrance to the homestead, through which people and livestock pass. The house is made of adobe with high walls (up to 3—3.2 m). The roof is always flat, without eaves, and, as mentioned above, is supported by massive pillars placed inside the room along the walls and in the middle. The ceiling is made of boards and logs.
The most remarkable feature of houses of this type is the construction of a wooden stepped vaulted ceiling.
In the ceiling, a smoke hole is left, which, analogous to a yurt, is called a "tunduk." Made of beams, it is located on one half of the ceiling space. The beams are connected in squares, which are stacked one on top of another in three to four rows in such a way that the corners of each square align with the middle of the side of the lower square. Each upper square is slightly smaller than the previous one. The bottom square is supported by thick longitudinal ceiling beams resting on the pillars. The smoke hole is covered at night with a mat woven from chiy or branches of tala.
This hole serves not only for the exit of smoke but also for lighting, as there are no window openings in the walls. Below it, on the floor, is the hearth.
In some houses in the village of Djekendy in the Alaï region, hearths have been preserved in the form of depressions at the edge of the adobe elevation under the smoke hole in the ceiling. Here, a complete analogy can be found with the hearths widely spread in the homes of mountain Tajiks.
The other part of the house-homestead, as mentioned above, is occupied by utility rooms. Among them, a stable, a room for livestock, a barn, or a storage room are mandatory. The roof of the utility buildings is different from that of the house. It consists of poles supported by pillars. Branches are laid over the poles, which are then covered with a clay mixture.
The roof of the entire homestead is usually uneven, as the roof of the house is higher than that of the utility buildings.
Tandyrs in southern Kyrgyzstan