In the early 20th century, Kyrgyz people also built houses similar to the described type, but without the stepped arched ceiling.
Their construction is likely genetically linked to the design of Pamir-type houses. This is primarily evidenced by the overlap in their distribution areas. Such houses are characterized by the presence of columns that support the roof, a wooden ceiling, and a beam laid across the floor, dividing the room into two unequal parts. In the smaller part, which constitutes a third of the space, a stove-fireplace is arranged near the entrance, while in the larger part, there is a "djook." In some houses, niches can be found in the walls. Sometimes, a shed for fuel is arranged near the living room, with its entrance located near the stove-fireplace. A plan of such a house is shown in the figure (closed-type estate).
Pamir-type estate houses in southern Kyrgyzstan were built by Kyrgyz craftsmen. This confirms the long-standing existence of these structures among the Kyrgyz. Many craftsmen are originally from Karategin.
The buildings of Pamir-type estates have a specific area of distribution in southern Kyrgyzstan. They are located along the territory of the ancient route that connected Alai with Eastern Turkestan and Fergana (via the Tengizbay pass) in the western part of the Pamir mountain range. Such estates have been registered by us in the Alai region (villages of Karamyk, Chak, Kara-Teyit, Dzhekendy), Frunze region (villages of Karau, Mandan), and Batken region (villages of Raut, Palal), where tribal groups of Tenit, Naiman, and Noygut were settled.
Pamir-type dwellings are widespread over a vast territory, covering Western Pamir, the southern slopes of the Hindu Kush, and Eastern Turkestan. The presence of arched ceilings has also been noted in the Transcaucasus. A.K. Pisarchik indicates that Pamir-type houses are occasionally found in Fergana as well.
As brief descriptions suggest, dwellings of this type are found among the Kyrgyz of the Djirgalan region of the Tajik SSR (Karategin) and among the Murghab Kyrgyz.
The presence of Pamir-type estate houses among the Alai and pre-Alai Kyrgyz is linked to the ethnic history of the Kyrgyz tribes Teit and Noygut, with their past residence in Karategin. Our information about the history of these tribal groups indicates that some of them migrated to Alai and the villages of Kan and Palal in the Batken region from Tajikistan. For instance, a group of Chardagay from the Noygut tribe, according to the elders' accounts, came from the mountainous areas of Ysar-Kolyop (i.e., Gissar and Kulob) about 200 years ago. "More than six generations have passed since the group of Teit arrived from Karategin," one of the informants reports.
The emergence of Pamir-type estate houses among the Kyrgyz—one of the ancient types of settled dwellings in southern Kyrgyzstan—is due to their prolonged coexistence with the Tajiks. Apparently, this type of dwelling was adopted by the Kyrgyz from the Tajiks even before their settlement in the territory of their current habitat.
Estates built in the late 19th century in southern Kyrgyzstan