In the sources, up until the 18th century, there is little information about the clan-tribal structure or genealogy of the Tian Shan Kyrgyz. However, some Persian-Tajik works from the 15th-16th centuries briefly mention legendary tribal unions: Otuuz-Uul and Kyrgyz, Ak-Uul ("the right wing") and Kuu-Uul ("the left wing") (Materials on History... 1973. P. 206, 207; RF IYAL NAN KR. Vol. 2. No. 5179), and this information aligns with genealogical traditions. The work of the Fergana author Seyf ad-Din Akhsikenti presents early genealogical information about the legendary division of the Kyrgyz into the right ("the right wing") and left ("the left wing") wings. Similar data can also be found in 18th-century Chinese sources (Suprunenko, 1976. P. 78).
The works of Russian travelers and pioneers hold significant source value. Interpreter I. A. Bardashev, who worked as a college registrar and translator in the Alatav district, visited Kyrgyz lands in 1856 as part of the first Russian military-scientific Issyk-Kul expedition alongside Ch. Ch. Valikhanov. A small article by I. A. Bardashev was published in Turkestan Vedomosti (Bardashev, 1870). Personal manuscript material titled "Information about the Wild Stone Kyrgyz, collected by Interpreter Bardashev" is stored in the archive (CGVIA RF. F. VUA. On. 1. D. 18551). This material contains valuable information about the geographical location and boundaries of the clans and tribes of the Kyrgyz, their clan-tribal structure and population, as well as about the rulers - biy and manaps. Similar data, but presented in more detail, can be found in the works of Ch. Ch. Valikhanov (Valikhanov, 1986. P. 82-89). The work of these authors is of great scientific interest for comparative studies of the sanjyr with historical data.
N. Sitnyakovsky compiled a clan-tribal table of the southern Kyrgyz based on their division into districts and volosts, as well as the locations of the migrations of individual clans and tribes (Sitnyakovsky, 1900. P. 99-110). Aside from the information from this author, no other materials have been found regarding the "ichkilik" group, except for the works of Ya. R. Vinnikov, who led the Southern Kyrgyz ethnographic expedition in 1953-1955 (Vinnikov, 1956. P. 136-169). Since then, ethnographic studies in the southern region of the country on this topic have not been conducted.
Notable researchers S. P. Tolstov, T. A. Zhdanko, G. I. Karpov, and others have come to a consensus regarding the existence of a dual organization among Turkic-speaking nomads, based on a two-fraternal structure of the tribe (Tolstov, 1935; Zhdanko, 1960; Karpov, 1945).
This issue was studied by S. M. Abramzon (Abramzon, 1971. P. 200; Abramzon, 1951), who identified the existence of a dual organization among the Kyrgyz, consisting of the right - "the right wing" and the left - "the left wing." Subsequently, this topic was analyzed in detail by A. Mokeev (Mokeev, 2010, P. 117-136). As A. Sydykov convincingly writes, "the split of the Kyrgyz into two wings indeed occurred in ancient times and was significant only for that era." The legend of "otuz uul" and "on uul," most widespread among the Kyrgyz of the Osh district, explains the origin of these names not from personal names, but from common names acquired by the two main Kyrgyz branches and linked to the genesis of the entire people (Abdykerim Sydykov - national leader. 1982. P. 86).
The Essence of Sanjyr