Verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court
On March 4, 1932, the significantly updated secretariat of the Kyrgyz Regional Committee of the Party adopted a resolution "On Kyrgyz Literature," which stated that "the letter from I. V. Stalin to the editorial office of the magazine 'Proletarian Revolution' served as a signal for a broad offensive by the party on the ideological front, strengthening the vigilance of party organizations in the struggle on two fronts, in the fight against rotten liberalism." It was further emphasized that the essence of the ideological struggle in literature lies in countering the "pushing of counter-revolutionary nationalist ideas of Alashorda into Kyrgyz literature (Tynystanov); reflecting the ideology of the bai-manap, directed against the interests of the proletariat and its vanguard (Karachev, Kokenov, Kenonsariev, etc.); in the absence of Marxist-Leninist analysis when publishing so-called folk creativity (small forms of the epic 'Manas,' etc.)."
A year later, on March 29, 1933, the bureau of the Kyrgyz Regional Committee of the Party discussed the leading article of "Pravda," "Above the Banner of the Proletariat - Internationalism," and an article by Manuilov in "Pravda," "To Completely Smash the Remnants of Bourgeois-Kulak Nationalism," and recognized "the completely correct assessment given by 'Pravda' to the creativity of Kasym Tynystanov, regarding his dramatic performances on the stage of the Kyrgyz National Theater ('Manas,' 'Shabdan') as manifestations of bourgeois-kulak nationalism."
Along with him, supposedly, from the stage of the theater, Kokenov, Sopieyev, and Djantoshev openly propagated nationalism. The Bureau warned them all that "further errors, deviations from the national policy of the party will lead to immediate expulsion from the ranks of the party" and suggested that they publicly condemn their mistakes, which was subsequently done.
This forceful and incompetent intervention in literary creativity culminated in the expulsion of K. Tynystanov from the party during a purge (February 27, 1935) by the commission of the Central Asian Bureau of the Central Committee of the VKP(b) with the formulation: "As a double dealer and bourgeois nationalist, Tynystanov is to be expelled from the ranks of the VKP(b)." The regional commission for the purge confirmed this decision. The party collegium of the CPC under the Central Committee of the VKP(b) (in 1936) satisfied Tynystanov's appeal and reinstated him in the party with the following formulation: "The materials of the case and a special investigation established that Tynystanov was in the Alashorda party in the early years, which he did not hide upon joining the VKP(b); further, there are no grounds to accuse Tynystanov of being a bourgeois nationalist."
On August 4, 1937, after his arrest, the Frunze City Committee expelled him from the party without stating the reasons. He was accused by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of allegedly being part of the leadership of the Social-Turan party and conducting subversive activities on the ideological front, pushing counter-revolutionary nationalist ideas in his works, and was shot on November 6, 1938.
On October 1, 1957, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR annulled the decision of November 5, 1938, due to the absence of a crime. The Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, by a decision on January 22, 1968, reinstated him in the party from 1926 (posthumously). And a year later (December 18, 1959), it annulled its decision on rehabilitation as incorrect.
Such a decision was influenced by the active pressure on the Central Committee from a group of writers in the republic during the discussion of the revealed shortcomings in the activities of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan.
The Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan returned to this issue in January 1960 and adopted a repeated decision: "To annul the resolutions of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan from January 22, 1958, on the reinstatement of K. Tynystanov in the ranks of the CPSU and from May 15, 1958, and 'On the results of the discussion of the creativity of Moldo Kylch' as incorrect."
At the request of Tynystanov's son and academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR B. M. Yunusaliev, the Party Commission under the Central Committee of the CPSU on June 1, 1964, made the decision: "Considering that the political accusations against Tynystanov K. in 1937 have fallen away and he has been fully rehabilitated by the judicial authorities, to amend the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan from January 5, 1960 — to rehabilitate Tynystanov K. in party terms (posthumously)."
In the 1960s, the process of rehabilitating the victims of repression began to wane and was eventually halted altogether. Attempts to shed light on the causes and consequences of this tragic period of our past also faded away. The decision of the PC under the Central Committee of the CPSU on the rehabilitation of K. Tynystanov was not made public and was kept for many years in the safe of the Party Commission under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, and only in 1988 was it submitted to the party archive of the Kyrgyz branch of the IML.
The Purge of the Soviet Apparatus from Socially Alien Elements in the 1930s