Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s. Part - 3
With the beginning of perestroika and the proclamation of independence, a movement opposing the official course pursued by the political leadership of Kyrgyzstan, headed by President A. Akayev, regained strength. This, however, does not contradict the proclaimed democratic path of development for our country. This also defines the particular relevance of studying the proposed issues, political leaders of both formal and informal types, the history and specifics of the manifestation of opposition sentiments and actions in the context of the transition from a patriarchal-tribal society to a Soviet regime, in order to develop scientific foundations for working with the opposition and alleviating the brewing political, economic, social, national, and other tensions in society.
The methodological basis of the research was the civilizational approach, which allows for the evaluation of historical past from the perspective of the primacy of not economic processes, but the uniqueness and originality of any human civilization, and the multivariability of its development. Such an approach provides the opportunity to more broadly utilize scientific methods from other schools and directions, including the achievements of formation, logical, psychological, source study methods, and other forms of analysis.
The research is based on a wide range of published and unpublished sources, many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. These materials were mainly extracted from the funds of the State Central Archive of political documentation of the Kyrgyz Republic—No. 10 (Kirov Regional Committee of the VKP(b)) and the State Central Archive of the Kyrgyz Republic—No. 20 (Revolutionary Committee of the KKAO) and 21 (Kirov Regional Executive Committee of the KAO), as well as the periodical press of that time—newspapers "Krasnoe Utro," "Krest'yanskiy Put'," and "Sovetskaya Kirgiziya." The main archival sources included stenographic reports and protocols, resolutions and decisions of party and Soviet bodies, speeches in debates, materials from mandate commissions, reports, legislative acts of the RSFSR and Kyrgyzstan, investigative materials, correspondence, service notes of the OPTU, correspondent reports on court sessions, and others. A considerable amount of memoirs from participants of those historical events was also utilized.
Most of the aforementioned sources require a special approach. It should not be forgotten that they bear the imprint of the morals and traditions of the time when ideology, rather than common sense, began to govern freedom of speech. These materials do not contain the whole truth, which can often be found by reading between the lines. There are many conjectures, falsifications, and slanders that need to be recognized by filtering the received information through an internal censor and involving other auxiliary materials for analysis. An important reserve for expanding the source base of the research was the hidden information contained in each of the analyzed sources, especially in the correspondence. As is known, any of them contains both explicit and hidden information.
The explicit was consciously recorded, was obvious to everyone, and therefore was actively used. Hence the emergence of numerous ideological myths about the "enemies of the people" A. Sydykov, R. Khudaikulov, and others. The hidden information, on the other hand, was found in the sources unintentionally, as a result of the spontaneous reflection of objectively existing phenomena, processes, and interconnections between them. Due to its spontaneous origin, hidden information often has an unlimited scope and possesses greater reliability than explicit information, which was intentionally included in the source. Referring to hidden information, which the author attempted to obtain during the investigation, created a possible pathway beyond the "immediately observable" in the sources, drawing conclusions based on logical procedures of analysis for the further development of discursive historical thinking, the conclusions of which should be as significant and obligatory as those drawn from explicit information. This method is particularly important when deciphering political intrigues and accusations of crimes directed at the subjects of the research. The dialectical and historical-psychological methodology and methods of research, as well as the source base, should determine the validity and reliability of the scientific conclusions and presentations of our book.
Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s. Introduction. Part - 3