A. Bukeykhanov, M. Tynyshpayev, Zh. Seydalin, M. Dulatov, and others played a significant role in the creation of the Alash Party.
However, the idea of transforming it into a branch of the Cadet Party was not supported by the II Congress of the Cadets in 1906. Neither the Russian autocracy nor the Russian liberals could accept the Alashists' platform for creating an autonomous state formation within Russia. The precedent for creating autonomy, initiated by those who believed it necessary to stop the confiscation of land from the indigenous population, was fraught with far-reaching consequences, even leading to the collapse of the Russian Empire. Therefore, during the period of autocracy, the party was never organizationally established.
Kyrgyz I. Arabaev actively participated in the organization of the Alash Party. From 1913 to 1918, he edited the newspaper "Kazakh" — the political organ of the party.
In the "Alash" program, published in this newspaper on November 21, 1917, it was stated: "Russia must become a democratic, federal republic (a democratic, popular, federal union of small states).
Each individual state in the federal republic is autonomous and governs itself on equal rights and interests. At the head is the Constituent Assembly (the government is elected by the Constituent Assembly and is subordinate to it. — 3. /S.), in the interim — a president, elected by the Constituent Assembly and the State Duma." This provision of the party program refutes previous Bolshevik ideologies regarding the claim that the Alashists lacked clear positions on the future state structure. On the contrary, they were clearly supporters of the rule of law. All progressive humanity, including independent Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, is currently following this path. From this program, it is also evident that the Alashists were advocates of autonomy, independent in matters of internal governance. In this regard, the views of the Alashists were somewhat similar to those of V. Lenin on the national question. According to the "Alash" program, legislative power was to be concentrated in the hands of the State Duma, which was also granted the right to exercise control over the government's activities. All power was clearly divided into legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Progressive Electoral System of the Alash Party
The Alashists proposed a progressive electoral system: "The right to vote is granted to all without distinction of origin, religion, and gender. Elections of deputies are conducted by direct, equal, and secret voting." The model of the Russian federal state was to be applied to the Alash autonomy (this is what the proposed state formation, which was to include all the peoples of Turkestan, was to be called). Rights were guaranteed to national minorities, cultural and extraterritorial autonomy, and proportional representation in government and state institutions. Equality of peoples, inviolability of the individual, freedom of speech, associations, and demonstrations were proclaimed. Religion was separated from the state. Tax collection was to be conducted differentially — "the rich pay more, the poor pay less." Public education was to become the heritage of all. The sale of land was categorically prohibited.
The "Alash" program was small in scope and did not cover all details of social development. However, this was not mandatory for a party program. It was more important to outline the circle of general issues and principles for solving the most significant and important tasks.
February soon gave way to October. Left radicals came to power, rejecting the idea of a Constituent Assembly. "Not a parliamentary republic — a return to it from the S.R.D. would be a step backward, — but a republic of Councils of workers, peasant, and soldier deputies throughout the country, from the bottom up." Thus, the proletarian revolution turned away from the norms of bourgeois democracy and the ideas of the rule of law. At the same time, within the framework of the Councils, there was a merger of legislative and executive power. The idea of Alash autonomy, based on the principle of uniting all Turkic peoples into one state, was also forgotten.
Fourteen years after the Alash Party left the political arena, former activist A. Sydykov would create an underground Socialist Turan Party and return to the search for a different model of society and state, distinct from the Soviet one. This search consistently led the leader of the Turanists to the idea of creating a truly free and democratic independent Kyrgyzstan — a state built on humanistic traditions and principles, where every citizen could freely live, think, and develop.
Creation of the Pishpek Branch of the Kazakh-Kyrgyz Party "Alash-Orda"