Uprisings of the Kyrgyz against the Kokand Khanate
The internecine feudal struggle between the Kokand Khanate and the Bukhara Emirate was accompanied by a rise in liberation movements among the peoples under their control, including the Kyrgyz. Taking advantage of the weakening power of Kokand, several Kyrgyz tribes, migrating in the northern regions of Kyrgyzstan, rebelled against the khan's governors. In particular, the population of the Issyk-Kul basin, rising in 1842 for liberation, "declared itself independent and expelled the Kokandis from the small fortifications established on the rivers Karakol, Barskaun, and Konur-Ulan." However, their success was short-lived. After some time, the uprising was defeated, and the local population found itself once again under the authority of the Kokand khan and his officials.
Soon, the inhabitants of the eastern part of the Chui Valley, Kemin, Kochkor, Jumgal, and Ketmaldy rose up. Their ranks included several thousand people, driven to extremes by the Kokandis, and they were joined by representatives of the feudal nobility, including the largest manap Ormon, who became the leader of the rebels.
The rebels acted successfully.
They achieved victory over the khan's military garrison. The Kokand fortification of Ketmaldy was destroyed.
However, the rebels were unable to completely free themselves from the power of the Kokand Khanate. Taking advantage of the feudal-clan enmity between some Kyrgyz tribes and inflaming it, the Kokand rulers restored their dominance over the population of the aforementioned areas. In 1845, an uprising occurred in southern Kyrgyzstan. It spread to Alay, Gulcha, Uch-Kurgan, and some other areas up to the city of Osh. One of its causes was the intensification of tax oppression. This arose at a time when the main part of the khan's army, under the command of min-bashi Musulmanqul, was sent to Tashkent to suppress the uprising of Uzbek workers.
The uprising of the indigenous population of the specified areas involved Alimbek-datka and some other representatives of the feudal nobility, who were interested in the success of the rebels. The insurgents soon surrounded the city of Osh, where some khan's officials were stationed. The rebels were supported by ordinary Uzbeks. Fearing further strengthening of the uprising, the khan sent troops there with Hakim Muhammad Nazar Kur-oglu from the Shahrihan district.
The wide scope of the uprising forced the Kokand khan to recall the army from Tashkent and join it to the punitive detachment. This combined military force, commanded by Musulmanqul, managed to suppress the uprising and seize the city of Osh. The punitive forces captured many rebels, who were taken to Kokand. Not only Musulmanqul, who essentially held state power in the Kokand Khanate in his hands, but also Hakim Muhammad Nazar Kur-oglu and other prominent Kipchak feudal lords showed cruelty in suppressing this uprising.
In 1847, the residents of Tashkent and the surrounding areas rose up. The immediate cause was a sharp increase in tax oppression. Part of the Kazakhs and Kyrgyz joined the rebels. The anger of the insurgents was directed against the khan's governor—a despot—and the officials surrounding him. The uprising took on a serious character and greatly worried the Kokand khan and other representatives of the feudal elite. However, this spontaneous and essentially unarmed uprising, lacking unified leadership, could not succeed.
Nevertheless, both the Kokand khan and his governor found it difficult to cope with the rebels, who fought with all their might.
In 1847-1848, against the feudal-khan oppression, Kyrgyz herders from the Namangan district rose up. They descended en masse from the mountains towards the Fergana Valley. The Uzbek dykans sympathized with them.
However, the uprising could not gain wide scope. A khan's punitive detachment was sent against it. In the battle that took place in the area of Balikchi, the rebels were defeated.
Soon, the residents of Central Tian Shan rose up again. They were joined by representatives of the feudal nobility, including Alshbek-datka. The number of rebels reached several thousand. The participants of the uprising besieged the fortification of Kurtka, and the khan's governor, who was in this fortification, was killed. This Kokand fortification was repeatedly besieged by the indigenous population.
Uprising led by the brothers Taylak and Atantay