A. G. Malyavkin. Historical Geography of Central Asia. Novosibirsk, 1981
"Jiu Tanshu" ("New Chronicle of the Tang Dynasty").
Text: Initially, the czequ (Kyrgyz) were never in contact with the Central State, but upon learning that the Tele and others had all submitted, they immediately performed a bow to the ground and called themselves vassals(1).
Starting from the era of the reign of Yonghui (650—656 AD) and until the era of the reign of Tianbao (742—756 AD), there was the position of jiedushi2 in Beiting, which oversaw 20,000 garrison soldiers and 5,000 horses. The (jiedushi) controlled the territories governed by the Turkic Khaganate(3) and the Kyrgyz. Additionally, the (jiedushi) was responsible for three military districts: Hanhai, Tianshan, and Yuw, with more than 10,000 garrison soldiers and 5,000 horses.
Comments and Notes
1 This statement follows immediately after the information that in the second month of the 22nd year of the reign of Zhenguan (November 29, 648 — March 28, 648) the Dudu-fu Jiangjun was established and the Kyrgyz Eltabir was appointed to the position of Dudu.
2 Jiedushi — governor-general. The Beiting jiedushi was primarily responsible for monitoring the situation with the neighbors of the Tang Empire, in this case, the Turkic Khaganate — Tuci and the Kyrgyz — Jiangjun.
3 The Turkic Khaganate is first mentioned in the southwestern Mongolian Altai. During the era of the Turkic Khaganates (6th—7th centuries), they were gradually pushed into the territories of Semirechye and Central Tian Shan.