1960-1966. Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR
Certain successes were achieved in science. In the early years of Soviet power, various scientific expeditions were already operating in Kyrgyzstan. In 1928, the first Research Institute of Local Lore was established, which became the basis for the Institute of Animal Husbandry founded in 1930. By 1940, there were 13 scientific institutions in the republic, employing 323 researchers.
In 1943, by decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Kyrgyzstan and the Council of People's Commissars of the republic, the Kyrgyz branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences was organized based on the scientific institutions created during the years of Soviet power and the evacuated biological department of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Frunze. The staff of the branch conducted important research for the national economy during the war and in the post-war period in the fields of geology, chemistry, biology, geography, history, archaeology, ethnography, language, literature, and art.
On August 17, 1957, by decision of the Council of Ministers of the republic, the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR was established on the basis of the Kyrgyz branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences and other republican scientific institutions. It became the leading scientific center of the republic. It included 14 institutes, the Tian Shan High Mountain Physical-Geographical Station, a Botanical Garden, an Oriental Studies Department, several stationary and mobile scientific stations. In 1981, 3,500 people worked in 17 institutions of the Academy, including 1,479 researchers, 24 academicians, 32 corresponding members, 77 doctors, and over 500 candidates of sciences.
The socio-political life of the republic in the 1920s and 1930s was complex. The wave of purges and Stalinist repressions that swept across the country also affected Kyrgyzstan. Members of the "Counter-Revolutionary Social-Turanian Party," "Alash-Orda," "bourgeois nationalists," and other "enemies of the people" were identified and persecuted in the republic. Among them were the best representatives of Kyrgyzstan who fought for the establishment of Soviet power and the creation of Kyrgyz national statehood: A. Sydykov, Yu. Abdrakhmanov, I. Aydarbekov, B. Isakeev, T. Aitmatov, the world-renowned linguist E. Polivanov, scholar and educator I. Arabayev, famous literary scholar K. Tynystanov, leaders of the republican party organization M. Amosov, X. Zheenbaev, Zh. Saadaev, K. Kenenbaev, X. Kalibaev, E. Sultanbekov, and many others.
During the years of Soviet power, a highly developed industry and a diversified agriculture were created in Kyrgyzstan, based on the achievements of science, and an unprecedented cultural revolution was carried out, allowing the Kyrgyz people to progress from illiteracy to the establishment of a national academy of sciences within the lifetime of a single generation.