APRIL
1 – April Fool's Day
– 100 years since the birth of Raikan Shukurbekov (1913–1962), Kyrgyz writer, playwright, humorist
– 140 years since the birth of S. V. Rachmaninoff (1873–1943), Russian composer, pianist, conductor
– 145 years since the birth of Edmond Rostand (1868–1918), French poet and playwright
– International Bird Day
2 – International Children's Book Day
– 125 years since the birth of M. S. Shaginian (1888–1982), writer
3 – Accountant and Auditor Day of the Kyrgyz Republic
4 – 60 years since the birth of A. Ryskulov (1953), poet, laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize of Kyrgyzstan, honored figure of culture of Kyrgyzstan
– 195 years since the birth of Thomas Mayne Reid (1818–1883), English writer
5 – 60 years since the publication (1953) of the first issue of the republican teachers' newspaper "Mugalimder gazetasy" (now "Kut bilim")
6 – 530 years since the birth of Raphael Santi (1483–1520), Italian painter and architect
– 105 years since the birth of the famous composer V. I. Muradeli (1908–1970), People's Artist of the USSR
7 – Day of Remembrance of the Heroes of the April Revolution
– Geologist Day of Kyrgyzstan
– World Health Day
9 – 125 years since the birth of A. K. Vinogradov (1888–1946), Russian writer
10 – 80 years since the birth of A. Masaliev (1933–2004), state and public figure of Kyrgyzstan, Hero of the Kyrgyz Republic
12 – World Aviation and Cosmonautics Day
– 190 years since the birth of A. N. Ostrovsky (1823–1886), Russian playwright
13 – 130 years since the birth of A. V. Alexandrov (1883–1946), composer and choral conductor
– 130 years since the birth of Demyan Bedny (1883–1945), Russian writer
15 – International Day of Monuments and Sites
– 135 years since the birth of Sadriddin Ayni (1878–1954), Tajik writer, translator, public figure
18 – 110 years since the birth of Yu. S. Milyutin (1903–1968), Russian composer – International Day of Monuments and Sites
– 95 years since the birth of Mamai Jusu (1918), manaschi from China
22 – Earth Day
23 – World Book and Copyright Day. Book Day in the Kyrgyz Republic
– 95 years since the birth of Maurice Druon (1918), French writer, laureate of the Prix Goncourt, member of the French Academy
24 – International Youth Solidarity Day
25 – 130 years since the birth of S. M. Budyonny (1883–1973), Marshal of the Soviet Union, three-time Hero of the Soviet Union
26 – Intellectual Property Day
– World Day for Safety and Health at Work
– 65 years since the birth of Doctor of Historical Sciences Dosbol Nura uulu (1948)
28 – Day of Workers of the Statistics Bodies of Kyrgyzstan
29 – City Day of Bishkek. 135 years since its foundation (1878)
– International Dance Day
30 – 130 years since the birth of Jaroslav Hasek (1883–1923), Czech writer
– Dungan holiday of kites
In April, it is celebrated:
– 75 years (1938) since the establishment of the Botanical Garden in Bishkek
In 2013, it is celebrated:
– 110 years since the birth of Tokchoro Joldoshev (1903–1937), prominent public and state figure of Kyrgyzstan, literary critic, publicist, journalist
– 135 years since the birth of manaschi Sazana uulu Bagysh (1878–1958)
The word "April" or "aprilly" is not Russian; it came to us from Byzantium and has two interpretations. Some derive it from "aprekus" – warmed by the sun, others from the verb "aperire" – to open.
The ancient Russian name for the month is "tsveten," because in this month the first greenery appears, buds unfold, and seeds sown in the ground sprout. April is the time of the final awakening of nature from winter sleep. In ancient times, the Kyrgyz called it "chyn kuran."
APRIL 1
RAIKAN SHUKURBEKOV — 100 years since his birth
A representative of the older generation of Kyrgyz writers, R. Shukurbekov (1913–1962) is widely known as a playwright, poet, and translator. When people remember him, they smile: for in every Kyrgyz home, his fables and humorous stories are known. R. Shukurbekov created a number of works that evoke sincere laughter and anger in readers. These include the play "Beiyt Arasynda" ("Among the Graves"), the comedy "Sharapat," which touches on the theme of the writer's relationship with his profession. Significant works in his oeuvre include the plays: "Kanykey," based on one of the plot lines of the Kyrgyz national epic "Manas"; "Mechta akyna," which reflects the fate of the democratic akyn Toktogul Satylganov.
The comedy "Japalak Jatpasov," written under the beneficial influence of Gogol's "The Government Inspector," enjoys great success. The traditional theme – criticism of feudal attitudes towards women – is addressed in a modern spirit. The comically portrayed character of Japalak, embodying traits of a rogue and an egoist, resonates vividly with the audience.
The next lyrical comedy "My Ail" reproduces the atmosphere of inspired youth labor. While ridiculing certain liars and lazy people, the author simultaneously finds warm and vivid colors for a truthful portrayal of our contemporaries. You can familiarize yourself with the play in the book: "My Ail." Authorized translation by A. Davidson. // Kyrgyz Soviet Drama. – Moscow, 1959. – pp. 339–384; He dedicated many poems to the events of our days, the heroic deeds of contemporaries. They are published in collections: "Zveni, komuz: Poems." Translated from Kyrgyz by V. Semenov. – Frunze: Kyrgyzgosizdat, 1962. – 180 pp.; "ECHO of Tien Shan." Translated from Kyrgyz by V. Maximov. – Moscow: "Young Guard," 1958. – 55 pp.; "ECHO of Ala-Too." – Frunze: Kyrgyzgosizdat, 1958.
R. Shukurbekov, a participant in battles against German-fascist invaders, wrote a number of poems about the war, lyrical in mood. Some of them are included in the book: "COURAGE: Poems of Frontline Poets of Kyrgyzstan." – Frunze: Kyrgyzstan, 1969.
The works of R. Shukurbekov for children are characterized by immediacy and generous humor: "The Fox and the Goat." / Translated from Kyrgyz by V. Maximov. – Frunze: Kyrgyzuchpedgiz. Alongside creating original works, the writer translated the creations of A. I. Krylov, A. S. Griboedov, A. P. Chekhov, A. M. Gorky, Firdausi, and other classics of Russian and world literature into Kyrgyz.
APRIL 4
AKBAR RYSKULOV — 60 years since his birth
Akbar Ryskulov (1953), poet, laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize of Kyrgyzstan, honored figure of culture of Kyrgyzstan, is widely known as one of the talented contemporary poets. His poems and poems enjoy deserved success among lovers of Kyrgyz poetry. His lyrics shine with the colors of the native landscape. Attention to life, the ability to think and feel along with the native land is a remarkable trait of the lyrical hero in the works of A. Ryskulov. His books "Mezgil zhebesi," "Kuduret," and others are diverse in themes, distinguished by interest in contemporary topics, social activity, and effectiveness. In Russian, a book of poems and poems by A. Ryskulov "Wheels and Horses" (1989) was published. The poetic collection "Mezgil zhebesi" ("Hands of Time") and the poem "Arteries of Time" were awarded the Lenin Komsomol Prize of the republic in 1983.
The poet works fruitfully in the field of poetic translation. He has translated into Kyrgyz the book by I. Maznin "Tell Me, Clouds," works by L. Levchev, I. Goethe, and others. A. Ryskulov's translations are characterized by high professionalism, the ability to vividly recreate the author's style of the originals.
The poet's works have been translated into Russian, Kazakh, English, French, German, and Hindi. Akbar Ryskulov is a well-known journalist who worked for many years in the editorial offices of the newspaper "Leninchil Zhas," in the magazine "Ala-Too." He also worked in the board of the Union of Writers of Kyrgyzstan and was elected secretary of the board of the Union of Writers in 1987.
A. Ryskulov's state and public activities are widely known. In 1993, he was the director of the state Agency for Press "Kyrgyzkabar," worked in the press department under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, and was the Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the Kyrgyz Republic to Kazakhstan and Malaysia.
You can familiarize yourself with the poet's works in Russian in the collection: Ryskulov A. "Wheels and Horses": Poems and Poems. – Frunze: Adabiyat, 1989.
APRIL 7
DAY OF THE GEOLOGIST OF KYRGYZSTAN
The depths of Kyrgyzstan are truly a giant "storehouse" of valuable minerals. In the figurative expression of scientists, here "nature has hidden the entire periodic table of Mendeleev in the ground."
To date, more than 5,000 deposits and manifestations of various types of minerals have been discovered and accounted for in the republic. This is a huge achievement of Kyrgyz geologists. Thanks to their active work, deposits such as Makmal, Kara-Keche, and others have been discovered.
The difficult work of explorers of the depths is steeped in the romance of searches and discoveries. Kyrgyz geologists are discovering new mineral deposits, providing enormous practical assistance in the development of the country's economy.
To ensure the further strengthening of the mineral resource base of the country, geologists are conducting exploration in increasingly remote areas. The exploration and development of deposits is becoming an increasingly labor-intensive process, as exploration is carried out in new territories under complex geological and natural-climatic conditions. Kyrgyz geologists have to overcome many difficulties thanks to such qualities as diligence, perseverance, determination to achieve goals, courage, mutual assistance, friendship, and reliability.
The natural resources of Kyrgyzstan are discussed in the book and article: Dooolotaliev S.D. "Minerals of Kyrgyzstan and Their Use." – Bishkek, 1996. – 128 pp.; Bakirov A. "Mineral Wealth of Kyrgyzstan" // Science and New Technologies. – 1997. – No. 4.
APRIL 10
APSAMAT MASALIEV — 80 years since his birth
In the grateful memory of the people remains the bright image of Apsamat Masalievich Masaliev (1933–2004), an outstanding state and public figure of Kyrgyzstan, Hero of the Kyrgyz Republic.
A. Masaliev was born in 1933 in the village of Alysh, Kadamjai district of Osh region. In 1954, he graduated from the Kyzyl-Kiya Mining Technical School, in 1956 – from the Moscow Mining Institute, and in 1964 – from the Almaty Higher Party School.
He began his labor activity as an assistant to the head of the section of the "Komsomolskaya" mine of the Kyzyl-Kiyaugol Mining Administration, later working as the deputy chief engineer of the mine, assistant chief engineer of the "Kyrgyzugol" trust, instructor of the industrial-transport department of the Osh regional party committee, and deputy chairman of the Osh regional committee of people's control.
From 1966 to 1971, he worked as head of the industrial-transport department of the Osh regional party committee, deputy head of the industrial-transport department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, first secretary of the Tash-Kumyr city party committee, and head of the industrial-transport department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan. From 1972 to 1985, he served as chairman of the Frunze City Executive Committee, secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, first secretary of the Issyk-Kul regional party committee, and inspector of the Central Committee of the CPSU in Moscow. In 1985, he was elected first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan and worked in this position until 1990. In 1990, while combining party and state positions, he was elected chairman of the Supreme Council of the Kyrgyz SSR. From 1993 to 1995, he worked as the director of the State Supervision of the Kyrgyz Republic. A. Masaliev headed the Committee on State Structure in the Legislative Assembly of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic.
A. Masaliev made a significant contribution to state building. He was elected a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU, a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Kyrgyz SSR, and a deputy of the Assembly of People's Representatives of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic.
He dedicated his entire life to serving the people. He was a wonderful person, kind, modest, and responsive. His rich life experience always allowed him to find the most optimal solutions in any situation, and his honesty and principled stance were a model for all.
The history of his life and the entire country is reflected in the memoirs book: Masaliev A. "Pages of Life and My Poor Homeland." – Bishkek, "Az-Mak," 1993.
His life and creative path are dedicated to articles: Masaliev A. A. // "Word of Kyrgyzstan." – 2004. – August 3. – p. 14; Abylgaziev V. "A wound from the word burns for a lifetime: in memory of A. Masaliev" // "Word of Kyrgyzstan." – 2007. – August 1.
APRIL 23
WORLD BOOK AND COPYRIGHT DAY
By the decision of UNESCO, April 23 is declared World Book and Copyright Day. The book was born long before the invention of the printing press. Since then, it has been the subject of close attention not only from readers but also from playwrights, artists, and poets. Evidence of this is the written monuments of all times and peoples, where many kind, excited words have been said in praise of the book – a great miracle created by man.
Especially passionately, poets have glorified and continue to glorify the book. "What should I pray for, my friend? If only there were plenty of books..."
These lines were written by the great Roman poet Horace long before our era. Words of love and gratitude to the BOOK can be found in the works of many poets of the past and our days. They are passed down like a precious relay from generation to generation. The best of these poetic works are published in the collection "One Hundred Poems about the Book" (Compiled by: V.I. Gladkov. – Moscow: Kniga, 1977). It includes poems by Russian poets, as well as translations from the languages of foreign peoples. Among the authors of this unique poetic anthology are Horace and Shakespeare, Nekrasov and Dobrolyubov, Bryusov and Mayakovsky, Gamzatov and Kugultinov, and other poets of the past, our contemporaries. We publish poems from this collection:
I open a lonely little book –
A book in a faded binding.
A man wrote these lines.
I do not know for whom he wrote them.
Let him have thought and loved otherwise,
And in centuries we did not meet…
If I cry at these lines,
It means they were meant for me.
Veronika Tushinova
Bread and book
The sun warms the earth, paints the sky,
A white garden approaches the windows.
Books lie next to a loaf of bread
On my table at home.
Bread and book… Hidden in them is not in vain
The blood and juice of the earth where we live.
They were burned by flames in the age of fires,
All rulers came at them with a sword.
Bread and book, eternal from age to age,
Lie before me on the table.
Confirming the wisdom of man,
The infinity of earthly generosity.
Kaysyn Kuliyev, Translated from Balkar by N. Grebnev
APRIL 29
135 YEARS OF BISHKEK
In the central part of the Chui Valley, at the foot of the majestic Ala-Too, lies the city of Bishkek – the capital of Kyrgyzstan. On April 29, it turns 135 years.
In 1866, several families of Russian peasant settlers settled near the ruined walls of the former Kokand fortress Pishpek. In 1870, a postal station was established here, and eight years later, Pishpek became the administrative center of the Pishpek district of the Semirechensk region.
What did it look like in 1878? Externally, the city hardly differed from neighboring villages: the same one-story adobe and frame houses, the same scattering of buildings, impassable mud on the streets during the spring-autumn thaw and caustic dust on hot summer days; ditches and wells – sources of drinking water. The only means of transport were carts drawn by horses, oxen, and donkeys. There were no secondary schools or libraries.
But already on August 31, 1878, the governor-general of Turkestan approved the plan for the construction of Pishpek. Squares were planned for the construction of barracks, a prison, a church, Muslim and Orthodox cemeteries.
Years went by. The old Pishpek was to experience many more turbulent events and changes before becoming a modern city. After the death of our fellow countryman M.V. Frunze, it was decided to rename the city of Pishpek, where he was born, to Frunzegrad. There was also a question of renaming Pishpek to Frunzensky. The petition of the regional executive committee of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region, the Kircom and the Central Asian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) to rename the city of Pishpek to Frunzegrad was considered at a meeting of the faction of the RCP(b) of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Councils of Workers', Peasants', and Red Army Deputies on March 29, 1926. The petition was supported, but it was clarified at the faction meeting that the new name would not be "Frunzegrad," but "Frunze." However, for a short time, Pishpek was also Frunzegrad.
In any case, in the documents of early 1926, this name of the center of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region is also found.
On May 12, 1926, the resolution to rename the city of Pishpek to the city of Frunze was finally approved. The contemporaries of the renaming and subsequent generations treated the old name of our city with care. It has been preserved in the name of a major railway station and the adjacent southwestern part of the city.
The name "Pishpek" was given to a hotel opened in 1974 in the city center. In February 1991, the city was returned its historical name "Bishkek." There are several versions of the origin of this word. One of them asserts that "pishpek" is derived from the word "bishkek," meaning a stirrer for kumys. It is possible that "pishpek" came from the Kokand word "pishpek," the meaning of which has been forgotten.
Some scholars believe that there is no word "pishpek" in the Kyrgyz language. There is only an unconvincing version about a derivative of a supposedly lost stick for whipping kumys-pishket (bishkek). The prominent Kyrgyz linguist K. I. Yudakhin noted that "pishpek" is a Turkic word, the meaning of which has been lost. According to other data, this word represents a Kyrgyz adaptation of the Iranian-Sogdian "pishgah" ("the front part," "place under the mountains"). But in 1898, new Chinese sources were discovered that mention the fortress Pishpek. The term used by the Chinese to refer to the fortress "Pishgake," which is reconstructed by sinologists as "Pishpek" or "Bishkek," is of interest. This reconstruction removes the veil of uncertainty from the word "pishpek" and irrefutably confirms the old Kyrgyz legends recorded in the 1870s, according to which the mysterious "pishpek" is a distorted Kyrgyz "bishkek" ("kumys stirrer"). Other scholars trace the name of the city Bishkek to the celebrated batyr Bishkek, who lived in these lands in ancient times.
My love, Bishkek
In the gaps of white-stemmed poplars
The mountains sparkle with blue.
Bishkek – you are the heart of my homeland,
My hope and my support.
And the light of the fire that suddenly from the darkness
Sparkled with flame, exciting and alarming.
I grow gray and old, but you
Day by day become more beautiful and younger.
Everything in our life has been not easy:
The splash of joy and the smoke of tedious troubles.
Do you remember how, a homeless orphan
I walked to you for happiness from the aiyl,
How generously you breathed your dream into me
And, lifting me above the wretched fate,
Warmed me with the warmth of kindness and opened
A wide road to the vast world.
Here the mysteries of the native language
I persistently comprehended step by step.
And the first timid line
Flowed in Arabic script onto the paper.
And my soul froze sweetly
From the music of the voiced word.
And I carried, trembling with every vein,
My poems for the first time to "Erkin Too."
Spring is coming. The snow melts on the cliffs.
The early coolness streams into the windows.
Bloom, Bishkek! Meet the dawn, Bishkek –
My love, delight and joy!
Carry my dream into the coming century,
Rise under the radiant star.
And let today anew your, Bishkek,
Be glorified by the song of the young tribe!
Satkyn Sasykbaev, Translated by M. Ronkin
You can learn more about the history of the city by reading the following literature: "FRUNZE: Encyclopedia." – Frunze: Main Editorial Board of the Kyrgyz Soviet Encyclopedia, 1984. – 288 pp.; "GALITSKY V.Ya. History of the City of Pishpek: (Pre-Soviet Period). – 1878. – 1917. – Frunze: Ilim, 1980. – 188 pp.; "LOSEV D.S., Kochkunov A.S. What the Streets Tell." – Frunze: Kyrgyzstan, 1990. – 92 pp.; "USUBALIEV T.U. Frunze – the Capital of Soviet Kyrgyzstan." – Moscow: Mysl, 1971. – 246 pp.; "MALABAEV J.M. Bishkek – the Capital of Kyrgyzstan." – Bishkek: Erkin-Tuu, 2001. – 303 pp.; "BISHKEK – 125: Album." – Bishkek, 2003. – 18 pp.
TOKCHORO JOLDOSHEV — 110 years since his birth
A prominent state and public figure of Kyrgyzstan, People's Commissar of Education, literary critic, publicist, and journalist Tokchoro Joldoshev was born in 1903 in the area of Kara-Jilga (now Kemin district). He became an orphan early on and was taken in by relatives, who even before the revolution gave him the opportunity to study and finish the primary Russian-native school.
In 1919, Tokchoro joined the Komsomol. In 1923, during his studies at the Jety-Su Institute of Education (1921–1925) in Almaty, he became a candidate member of the RCP(b). During his studies, he developed an interest in journalism and a penchant for literary creativity, collaborating with the newspaper "Tilchi" ("Propagandist") – the organ of the Almaty Revolutionary Committee, and "Jety-Su Pravda" – the organ of the Jety-Su regional committee, and was the editor of the institute's manuscript magazine "Saule" ("Ray"), where he published his works (for example, a documentary essay "Unfortunate Sofia" about the fate of a Kyrgyz woman).
After graduating from the Institute of Education, T. Joldoshev worked for several months as the head of the Karakol Department of Public Education in Przhevalsk. In 1925, he was sent to Moscow to work in the Central Publishing House of the Peoples of the USSR. Working as the responsible secretary and editor of the section, T. Joldoshev actively engaged in translating socio-political literature into Kyrgyz. During this time, he produced translations of the "Charter of the RCP(b)," Revushkin's book "What is the Komsomol?," and the textbook of social science by M. I. Taishin. The translation of the latter book was done in creative collaboration with Ibrai Toychynov.
In 1927, the first collective collection of poems by young Kyrgyz poets "Red Flower" ("Kyzyl Gul") was published in Moscow, compiled and with a preface by Tokchoro Joldoshev. The historical fate of the collection turned out to be similar to the fate of its authors, most of whom were repressed: it never entered the history of Kyrgyz literature, as if it had never existed in the world.
During his time in Moscow, T. Joldoshev attended literary courses at the Higher Literary-Art Institute in the evenings. Later (1927–1929), the experience of publishing and editorial work gained in Moscow allowed him to work fruitfully at the Academic Center of the People's Education of the Kyrgyz ASSR, where he compiled program aids for Kyrgyz schools and prepared for publication the folklore wealth of the Kyrgyz people. He also worked in the monthly scientific-pedagogical and literary-artistic journal "Zhanı Madeniyat Jolu" ("On the Way to a New Culture"), where he served as the editor-in-chief.
The organizational and creative abilities of Tokchoro Joldoshev did not go unnoticed, and in July 1929, he was promoted to responsible work in the Presidium of the Kyrgyz Central Executive Committee, where he became its secretary, and then until December 1932 he was the chairman of the Kolkhoz Center of the Kyrgyz ASSR. In January 1933, he was appointed People's Commissar of Education, where he worked until September 1935. While holding this position, he did a great deal of work in establishing folk theaters, libraries, boarding schools, and schools.
In January 1935, T. Joldoshev spoke at the IV All-Kyrgyz Congress of Soviets with a report "On the Tasks of Cultural Construction," wrote a draft law that was approved by the congress as the law of the Kyrgyz ASSR. He was elected a delegate to the VI and VII regional party conferences, a member of the Kyrgyz Central Executive Committee of the II, III, and IV convocations, and a member of the Presidium of the Kyrgyz Central Executive Committee. From 1930 to 1935, he was elected a member of the Kyrgyz Regional Committee of the VKP(b).
Despite his short life, he managed to accomplish much, combining party and state work with literary creativity.
At the same time, he closely collaborated with the editorial offices of Kyrgyz and Russian newspapers and magazines, publishing reviews of theatrical productions, and presenting journalistic and literary-critical articles. He was a person who stood at the origins of the creation of the first literary-artistic magazine "Chabuul." Tokchoro Joldoshev emerged in the republic as one of the first creators of national literary criticism. In his literary-critical articles, the young critic raised questions about the attitude towards the artistic heritage of the past and the preservation of oral folk creativity.
His activity was interrupted at the height of his creative powers and abilities when he was only 32 years old. He shared the fate of the best representatives of his people, innocently repressed in the 1930s.
By the decision of the bureau of the Kyrgyz Regional Committee of the VKP(b) on September 21, 1935, he was removed from the post of People's Commissar of Education, on October 16, 1935, he was arrested, and on October 21, he was excluded from the Presidium of the Kyrgyz Central Executive Committee, on November 17, 1935, he was expelled from the ranks of the VKP(b). On August 27, 1937, the NKVD troika of the Kyrgyz ASSR sentenced him: "without the right to correspondence."
After the XX Congress of the Party, Tokchoro Joldoshev was rehabilitated and posthumously reinstated in the party, his name was returned to history. His thoughts, feelings, and convictions have been preserved on the pages of newspapers, magazines, and books of that time. And today, after returning from "special storage" of libraries, they have finally become known.