JULY
1 – Day of Tax Workers of the Kyrgyz Republic
– Day of Rescuers of Kyrgyzstan
3 – Day of State Auto Inspection Workers of Kyrgyzstan
– 130 years since the birth of F. Kafka (1883–1924), Austrian writer
5 – International Day of Cooperatives
6 – International Day of the Russian Language
7 – Day of Medical Workers of Kyrgyzstan
10 – 95 years since the birth of James Aldridge (1918), English writer
11 – World Population Day
13 – 75 years since the birth of R. Chokoeva (1938), Kyrgyz ballerina
– 85 years since the birth of V. S. Pikul (1928–1990), Russian writer
14 – 110 years since the birth of Irving Stone (1903–1989), American writer
– Bastille Day
– 270 years since the birth of G. R. Derzhavin (1743–1816), Russian poet
15 – 105 years since the birth of B. L. Gorbatov (1908–1954), Russian writer
– 160 years since the birth of M. I. Yermolova (1853–1928), Russian actress
16 – 90 years since the birth of A. Jumakhmatov (1923), Kyrgyz conductor
18 – 75 years since the birth of H. Mukhtarov (1938–2001), People's Artist of the USSR, opera singer
19 – 120 years since the birth of V. V. Mayakovsky (1893–1930), Russian poet
20 – Day of the National Guard of the Kyrgyz Republic
– International Chess Day
– Day of Metallurgists of Kyrgyzstan
21 – Day of Service Workers of Kyrgyzstan
– 105 years since the birth of L. S. Sobolev (1898–1971), Russian writer
– 120 years since the birth of G. Fallada (1893–1947), German writer
22 – 135 years since the birth of Y. Korchak (1878–1942), Polish writer
24 – 185 years since the birth of N. G. Chernyshevsky (1828–1889), Russian revolutionary democrat, scientist, writer
– 210 years since the birth of A. Adan (1803–1856), French composer
27 – Day of Air Defense Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic
– 160 years since the birth of V. G. Korolenko (1853–1921), Russian writer
31 – 105 years since the birth of B. A. Lunina (1908 –), prominent scientist-geographer, researcher of Kyrgyzstan
In 2013, the following anniversaries are celebrated:
– 190 years since the birth of Moldо Niyaz (1823–1896), akyn and thinker
– 130 years since the birth of M. Musulmankulov (1883–1961), prominent storyteller-manaschi
– 125 years since the birth of A. Zhutaekeev (1888-1931)
– 75 years since the city status was granted to Kyzyl-Kiya
“July is the peak of summer, the middle of the year,” so the people say about this month. And indeed, at this time summer reaches its peak, and then begins to wane. July is the hottest month of the year. The sun mercilessly scorches and dries everything.
July got its name in honor of Julius Caesar. The ancient Russian names for this month are thunderer, heat-maker, harvest month, and cherven. The Kyrgyz call it teke.
JULY 1
DAY OF TAX WORKERS OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
July 1 is declared the Day of Tax Workers according to the resolution of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic dated April 12, 2006. The Tax Service of Kyrgyzstan was established in 1990 based on the State Revenue Department of the Ministry of Finance. By the presidential decree of April 14, 2005, the State Tax Inspection was transferred to the direct subordination of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Today, the Tax Service steadily replenishes the state budget of the country. Currently, modernization and automation of tax authorities are being carried out in the country, which will help eradicate corruption, eliminate duplication in the work of the State Tax Inspection departments, and promote the implementation of principles of transparency, fairness, and strict adherence to the legal rights of taxpayers.
JULY 1
DAY OF RESCUERS OF KYRGYZSTAN
According to the Ministry of Emergency Situations, more than one and a half million people live in the republic under the threat of nature's whims. The financial damage from all types of natural disasters over the past 15 years has amounted to more than 480 million soms, not to mention the fact that nature takes its toll in the form of significant human casualties.
In such conditions, the work of the rescue service of Kyrgyzstan is very important. In 2001, the State Commission for Emergency Situations was established, then the State Committee, now – the Ministry.
By a government resolution in 2001, a professional holiday was established – the Day of Workers of the Rescue Service of Kyrgyzstan. Service in the ranks of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Kyrgyz Republic is special. Its characteristic features are high responsibility for the tasks performed to protect the population and territories from emergencies, conducting rescue operations in the zone of emergencies, preventing and eliminating their consequences, saving lives, searching for and extracting victims, providing first aid, delivering humanitarian aid to them, and ensuring the livelihoods of the population.
The Ministry of Emergency Situations unites specialists in all types of hazards. These include mountain rescuers, divers, climbers, general profile rescuers, medics, chemical engineers, radiologists, civil defense military personnel, geologists, hydromechanics, hydrometeorologists, specialists in mountain technical supervision, aviation workers, builders, mechanics, and others.
Over the years of existence, the rescuers of Kyrgyzstan have participated in the elimination of the consequences of more than 3000 dangerous situations, saving the lives of thousands of people.
JULY 3
DAY OF STATE AUTO INSPECTION WORKERS OF KYRGYZSTAN
With the advent of automobiles, a special service was needed to control traffic on the roads. Therefore, on July 3, 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR approved the Regulation on the Main Directorate of the State Auto Inspection of the Workers' and Peasants' Militia of the NKVD.
The new inspection began to fight road accidents, control driver training, account for vehicles, and develop technical standards for their operation. In 1940, standard traffic rules appeared in all cities.
After the war, a large number of cars and motorcycles entered the national economy. Traffic lights, road signs, indicators, booths for regulators, and road markings began to be installed.
In the 1970s, structural units of the road patrol service were formed, diagnostic stations for conducting state technical inspections of vehicles appeared, and radars began to be used.
Currently, there has been an increase in the vehicle fleet of the republic, and the issue of preventing road traffic injuries has become urgent. Today, a computer system for accounting information about stolen cars and traffic accidents has been created to address road issues.
JULY 7
DAY OF MEDICAL WORKERS OF KYRGYZSTAN
Every year on the first Sunday of July, medical workers of Kyrgyzstan celebrate their professional holiday – the Day of Medical Workers.
This day has long gone beyond being just a professional holiday, as there is no person who has not sought help from those in white coats. The medical profession has always been a standard of humanism and nobility. And today, the medics of Kyrgyzstan stand guard over our health.
The primary task of the government of the Kyrgyz Republic is to increase budget expenditures on healthcare. Implementing this task will improve the accessibility and quality of medical care, making healthcare an important factor in the national security of the country.
JULY 11
WORLD POPULATION DAY
The world's population is expected to reach 9.3 billion by 2050, while it was 6.1 billion in mid-2000. The number of people on the planet increases by 1.2% per year, which amounts to 77 million. Half of the annual increase occurs in six countries: India (21%), China (12%), Pakistan (5%), Nigeria (4%), Bangladesh (4%), Indonesia (3%).
At the same time, by the middle of the 21st century, a decrease in population is projected in 39 countries compared to its current level.
For example, in Russia – by 28–40%, in Italy and Hungary – by 25%, in Japan and Germany – by 14%. The population of less developed regions will steadily increase from 4.9 billion in 2000 to 8.2 billion in 2050.
What color will humanity be by the end of the 21st century? Demographers suggest that it will likely be yellow-black. Currently, the most populous country is China (1.3 billion people, 1/5 of the world's population), and soon India (over 1 billion) will catch up and surpass it, followed by an entire continent – Africa. The white population will hardly grow; rather, it will begin to decline, and its share in the world will decrease to about ten percent.
JULY 13
REYNA CHOKOEVA — 75 YEARS SINCE HER BIRTH
It is the 75th anniversary of the birth of Reyna Nurmambetovna Chokoeva (1938), Kyrgyz ballerina, People's Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR.
After graduating from the Leningrad Choreographic School, R. Chokoeva worked for many years at the Kyrgyz State Opera and Ballet Theater named after A. Maldybaev. The grace and elegance of the dancer's performance, along with her good command of technique, allowed her to perform solo parts in ballets such as "Swan Lake," "Sleeping Beauty," "Esmeralda," and "Anar." Throughout her artistic career, R. Chokoeva performed a large number of diverse roles in the theater's ballet repertoire.
This includes the virtuoso Laurensia in the ballet of the same name, the dramatic Sari in the ballet "On the Path of Thunder," the passionate Gulnara in the ballet "The Corsair," the willful Kitri in "Don Quixote," and others. The favorite performance and role of the actress was her portrayal of Giselle in the ballet of the same name.
A significant artistic success for the ballerina was her performance as Cholpon in the national ballet of the same name. The actress created a unique image of her heroine, marked by sincerity of feeling.
The meeting of the artist with the heroes of the famous Kyrgyz writer Ch. Aitmatov enriched the ballerina's art and opened new facets of her creativity. R. Chokoeva brilliantly performed the role of Asel in the ballet "Asel," and the role of Tolgonai in the ballet-oratorio "Mother's Field." In the images of these heroines, the ballerina emphasized high moral principles and a noble spirit.
R. Chokoeva has performed on the stages of many famous theaters. For instance, in 1966, she had a brilliant performance at the International Ballet Festival in Havana, and in 1968, she danced on the renowned stage of the S.M. Kirov Opera and Ballet Theater in Leningrad.
Reyna Chokoeva dedicates all her strength and knowledge, along with her vast artistic experience, to the noble cause of educating the young artistic generation, working at the Bishkek State Choreographic School named after Ch. Bazarbaev.
JULY 16
ASANKHAN JUMAKHMATOV — 90 YEARS SINCE HIS BIRTH
The name of Asankhan Jumakhmatov (1923 – 2008), Kyrgyz conductor, musical figure, People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the Toktogul State Prize, Hero of Kyrgyzstan, is known throughout Kyrgyzstan and far beyond its borders. After participating in the battles of the Great Patriotic War, Jumakhmatov graduated from the Moscow Conservatory while simultaneously working at the Mossovet Theater, the State Symphony Orchestra of the USSR, and the orchestra of the Committee for Cinematography.
After finishing his studies, he served for several decades as the chief conductor of the Kyrgyz Academic Theater of Opera and Ballet named after A. Maldybaev, the State Orchestra of Folk Instruments named after K. Orozov, and the large symphony orchestra of the State Television and Radio Company of Kyrgyzstan, as well as the chamber ensemble "Nasiyat." For many years, A. Jumakhmatov was a member of the jury of the All-Union Conductors' Competition.
A. Jumakhmatov staged more than fifty operas and ballets, conducted hundreds of premieres and thousands of concerts, and recorded numerous works of both small and large forms with various orchestras and soloists.
He orchestrated more than fifty classical traditional instrumental pieces and dozens of songs – both folk and composed. He voiced literally all new scores of operas and ballets, symphonies, and concertos by Kyrgyz composers, from the classics – Maldybaev, Vlasov, and Fere, Tuleev, Abdrayev, Davlesov, Moldobasanov to representatives of the new generation.
Over half a century of his creative activity, A. Jumakhmatov attracted a number of remarkable singers to the opera and pop stage, including Bulat Minzhilkiev, Darika Jalgasynova, Kerim Turapov, and others. As a professor at the Kyrgyz National Conservatory, he trained his successors, conductors B. Tilegenov and R. Osmonaliev.
In memory of the famous composer, the State Academic Large Symphony Orchestra of the Kyrgyz Republic's Television and Radio Broadcasting Corporation was named after the Hero of Kyrgyzstan, People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the Toktogul State Prize, academician Asankhan Jumakhmatov.
The creativity of the famous conductor and musical figure is a bright page in the history of Kyrgyz musical culture.
JULY 18
KHUSEYN MUKHTAROV — 75 YEARS SINCE HIS BIRTH
The name of Khuseyn Mukhtarov (1938–2001), People's Artist of the USSR, opera singer, soloist of the Kyrgyz State Opera and Ballet Theater, is widely known in our country. Over 37 years of creative activity in the theater, Khuseyn Mukhtarov sang in dozens of performances, performing almost all bass parts and creating a whole gallery of diverse characters. The singer equally excelled in heroic-dramatic, epic, and comedic roles. Among his best works are such peaks of opera art as Boris Godunov and Pimen in M. Mussorgsky's opera, Philip and the Inquisitor in "Don Carlos" by G. Verdi, and Gremin in "Eugene Onegin." He brilliantly performed the roles of Konchak from "Prince Igor," Don Basilio from "The Barber of Seville," and others. Kh. Mukhtarov successfully performed in 8 performances of the national repertoire, creating bright and colorful images.
These include Konurbay ("Manas"), Chinkodjo ("Ai-Churek"), Semyon ("Toktogul"). The outstanding artist created many images in the operas of contemporary composers. His performance of the role of Vasily in K. Molchanov's opera "Dawn Here Is Quiet," M. Frunze in the opera of the same name by V. Vlasov, the Leader in "Optimistic Tragedy," and Grigory Melekhov in "Quiet Don" were remarkable.
Kh. Mukhtarov not only sang beautifully but also acted with inspiration. He possessed a wide arsenal of artistic means, thanks to which the musical characterization of the heroes was harmoniously complemented by the stage presence, resulting in a remarkably vivid and memorable image.
Kh. Mukhtarov's concert and performance activities were extensive. His concert repertoire was broad and diverse. In addition to numerous opera scenes and arias, it included romances by Glinka, Borodin, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, Sviridov, and Russian, Ukrainian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Dungan folk songs. He also performed entire vocal cycles, such as "Ten Sonnets of Shakespeare" by D. Kabalevsky and "Songs of Robert Burns" by G. Sviridov.
Another aspect of Kh. Mukhtarov's creative activity was his performance of duets, with his partner often being his wife – People's Artist of the Republic E. Moldakulova. Their repertoire included masterpieces of vocal classics from the operas of Mozart, Verdi, Pergolesi.
The singer traveled throughout the Soviet Union and performed abroad: in Hungary, Poland, Canada, Syria, Tunisia, Ethiopia, Yemen, Laos. His performances were always met with success, applause, and smiles from the audience.
JULY 20
DAY OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF KYRGYZSTAN
On this day, the National Guard of the Kyrgyz Republic celebrates its anniversary. Over the years, the National Guard has proven itself as a military formation with great potential and high combat readiness, capable of fulfilling the tasks set before it to protect the constitutional order, safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state, participate in the protection of important state facilities, ensure protocol events and rituals during the reception of foreign delegations, as well as carry out other important tasks defined by the leadership of the Kyrgyz Republic.
This includes participation in the elimination of band formations of international terrorists in the south of the republic in 1999–2000, guarding our southern borders, and more.
The National Guard in a democratic society is a symbol of freedom and independence of the state. Service in the National Guard is an excellent school for the youth to mature.
JULY 20
DAY OF METALLURGISTS OF KYRGYZSTAN
On July 20, metallurgists of Kyrgyzstan celebrate their professional holiday.
The metallurgical industry, primarily composed of gold mining enterprises and enterprises producing non-ferrous metals, is of immense importance to the economy of our country.
It is worth noting that non-ferrous metallurgy alone accounts for more than 50% of all exports from Kyrgyzstan. The metallurgical industry is also a source of significant budget revenues, occupying a substantial share of industrial production – about 45%. Such results are achieved, primarily, thanks to the selfless and fruitful labor of workers in the mining and metallurgical enterprises, who have always been distinguished by qualities such as cohesion, unity, strong character, and complete dedication.
The metallurgical industry has significant growth reserves, allowing workers in the metallurgical sector to increase production volumes. The task of metallurgists is to overcome the decline that has occurred in recent years and to increase production rates by developing new gold deposits, as well as producing new types of non-ferrous metals – aluminum, tungsten, tin, and others.
The metallurgical industry, with its enormous potential, makes a worthy contribution to the development of the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic.
ESENAMAN JAPAK UULU — 180 YEARS SINCE HIS BIRTH
The creativity of the talented and prominent akyn, a representative of the Talas poetic school, Esenaman Japak uulu (1833–1913), belongs to the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The akyn was well known as a storyteller of the epic "Manas," other folk dastans, as a master improviser, as well as for his original works.
Unfortunately, the works of Esenaman have not survived to this day, except for a small song "Flowing Water," in which the akyn expresses his natural philosophical ideas that water is the measure of all valuable and useful things.
In the Kyrgyz language, the song "Flowing Water" was published in the collection "Muras" (F., 1990. – P. 232–236). The anniversary of the akyn is an occasion to remember the roots of the native culture.
MOLDO NIYAZ — 190 YEARS SINCE HIS BIRTH
In 2013, it is 190 years since the birth of Moldо Niyaz (1823–1896), the first Kyrgyz akyn-writer and thinker, whose works have survived to this day in the original manuscript. The information that has reached us about the life and creativity of Moldо Niyaz is very scarce. He himself did not leave his autobiography, and today only the place and date of his birth and death are fairly accurately defined (S. Kyzyl-Bulak, Kadamjai district, Osh region). It is also known that he had a decent education for his time, received in Muslim educational institutions in the Fergana Valley and Kashgar. Judging by his sonatas, he traveled a lot, visiting all corners of Kyrgyzstan and neighboring regions.
Moldо Niyaz was a son of his time. Therefore, his worldview was shaped in line with the canons of Islam and the traditions of Eastern philosophy. Evidence of this is a number of sonatas, where the Muslim view of the world, society, human relationships, and historical events is vividly expressed.
The sonatas of Moldо Niyaz are diverse in themes and genres. The poet did not limit his creativity to merely describing the beauty and customs of his small homeland but looked at the world broadly, surveying all corners of Kyrgyzstan and neighboring countries, creating images of many historical figures.
Among the sonatas of Moldо Niyaz are magnificent examples of love lyrics ("Kymchabel," "Datkayim"), dramatic experiences – elegies ("Afandim"), instructive moral sayings that can genuinely interest modern readers. Among the extended narrative works, two stand out. In the first ("Kurmandzhan Datka"), the poetically expressive and accurate portrayal of the deep dramatic fate of the famous Alai queen of the 19th century conveys not only her virtues as a person but also emphasizes her maternal feelings. If this work possesses genuine drama, then the other sonata, dedicated to the memory of Dykhanbai – the ruler of the Ketmen-Tyubin Valley, has an overtly apologetic character. Even today, interest from the general public and specialists in his creativity does not fade.
MOLDOBASAN MUSULMANKULOV — 130 YEARS SINCE HIS BIRTH
One of the bright, original, and talented representatives of Kyrgyz art, oral folk creativity was Moldobasan Musulmankulov (1883–1961). He was born in 1883 in the village of Terek in the present Ak-Talinsky district of Naryn region. His father and older brother were gifted manaschi, improvising poets. Moldobasan's poetic and performing talent revealed itself early. At the age of 17, he had already become a well-known singer and poet, and later began performing among the people with his version of the epic "Manas." Following the outstanding storytellers of the epic "Manas," Sayinbay Orozbakov and Sayakbay Karalaev, he became one of the most famous manaschi. More than 200,000 poetic lines of the epic "Manas" were recorded from his lips, which are now stored in the manuscript fund of the Institute of Language and Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyz scholars who study the "Manas" believe that Moldobasan's version is close in its artistic features to the Orozbakov version.
More than 30 years of his creative biography, M. Musulmankulov dedicated to the development of Kyrgyz culture. When the Philharmonic was opened in the republic in the early 1930s, he was among its first artists, traveling extensively to villages and pastures with performances, generously sharing his talent with the people.
A talented son of the Kyrgyz people, a virtuoso musician, a unique performer of samples of oral folk creativity, a wonderful storyteller of the epic "Manas," People's Artist of Kyrgyzstan, member of the Union of Writers of the USSR, Moldobasan Musulmankulov left us a rich literary and artistic heritage, which still occupies a significant place in Kyrgyz literature and art. According to V. Vinogradov, “the outstanding manaschi harmoniously combined in his performances the plasticity of movement, dynamic mimicry with a sense of pride and dignity. Describing movements with his hands, he seemed to possess some magical charm, presenting pictures of significant episodes of the epic. Moldobasan, with deep understanding and mastery of performance, presented images into which he immersed himself on stage, as into real reality… Moldobasan never crossed the boundaries of artistry; he always combined artistic mastery with the traditional canons of manaschi performance. He harmoniously combined music with clear declamation of what was being performed. He had an innate artistry. When he performed excerpts from "Manas," deep understanding and attentive analysis of what was conveyed were felt, presenting his directorial interpretation of the performance.”
ABYLKASYM ZHUTAKEEV — 125 YEARS SINCE HIS BIRTH
The famous Kyrgyz akyn-writer Abylkasym Zhutaekeev was born in 1888 (died in 1931) in the village of Jan-Bulak in the Tian Shan mountains. He early showed talent as an akyn-improviser. From the age of thirteen, he publicly performed songs about the hard fate of peasants, about the greed and cruelty of the powerful ("Tax Collector," "Three Epochs," etc.). As a peasant, Abylkasym learned to read and began to write down his songs.
In 1920, A. Zhutaekeev graduated from teacher training courses in Almaty and taught in the At-Bashinsky district until 1923. From 1923 to 1931, he served as chairman of the "Koshchi" union and chairman of the "Akjar" collective farm.
During this period, the poet wrote a number of poems about the hard fate of the people in the past ("Three Epochs"). A. Zhutaekeev's songs "The Returning People," "Glorious Surge," and the poem about the death of V.I. Lenin "Lament for Lenin" also gained wide recognition.
The poet's works began to be published after his death. Separate editions of A. Zhutaekeev's poems in the Kyrgyz language were released in 1957, 1974, and 1988. A small part of the akyn's works was published in Russian.
Significant Dates
BELAVODSKOE, SOKULUK — 145 YEARS SINCE ITS FOUNDATION
The villages of Belavodskoye and Novotroitskoye (now Sokuluk) – the largest in the Chui Valley, were established in 1868. Their founders were mainly migrants from the southern and central black earth regions of European Russia.
Rumors about a rich land with a mild climate and fertile soil attracted a large number of peasants to Semirechye, especially those most robbed by landowners after the abolition of serfdom in 1861. The resettlement settlements were little different in appearance from ordinary Ukrainian or Russian villages in Central Russia. Belavodskoye and Novotroitskoye – typically Russian old-settler villages – had a central square with a church in the middle and rows of shops. Around the square were grouped rural institutions and the houses of prosperous peasants. The streets were strictly parallel, divided by alleys at right angles and planted with various trees.
The estates of the settlers had a quadrilateral shape and varied in appearance, size, layout, and interior decoration. The type of dwelling depended on the economic status and social standing of the owner. Before the revolution, the villages had about 6,000 residents, with the number of households being 592. Some farms had land allotments, while others engaged in trade, beekeeping, transport, and raising cattle.
Belavodskoye was one of the largest trading settlements, with a market operating daily. At that time, there were 10 forges, 8 taverns and caravanserais, 19 shops, 5 oil mills, 98 trading establishments, 3 bakeries, and 31 mills in the villages of Belavodskoye and Novotroitskoye. Belavodskoye had a brewery and 26 apiaries. Among the handicrafts were brick, pottery, felt, and winnowing. The villages had churches, primary and church-parish schools. In 1907, a clinic was opened in Belavodskoye with an admission room for 4–5 beds. The medical staff consisted of a doctor, a nurse-midwife, and two "vaccinators" who handled vaccinations. Subsequently, the villages grew and developed. On February 8, 1935,
Novotroitskoye was renamed Sokuluk. The population of Belavodskoye increased to 20,000 (in 1973), and in Sokuluk to 17,568 (in 1979). Now they are large centers – Belavodskoye of the Moscow district, and Sokuluk of the Sokuluk district. The villages grew, and along with them, the number of industrial enterprises, construction, and transport organizations increased, and cooperative trade expanded widely. The network of rural cultural and health centers, kindergartens, and household service enterprises expanded.
In both administrative centers, there are large industrial enterprises: Novotroitskoye and Belavodskoye sugar and bread factories, Sokuluk poultry farm, and others. The residents of Belavodskoye and Sokuluk are approaching an urban lifestyle. The villages have five general education schools and one eight-year school, a vocational school in Belavodskoye, six libraries, two clubs, one cinema, three hospitals, kindergartens, two household service enterprises, and other institutions.