Common form of performance for storytellers of "Manas" When comparatively studying the biographical data of the storytellers of "Manas," one can establish common traits among all of them. Before the start of storytelling activities, all manaschi were, to some extent, improvisational singers. However, even after becoming storytellers, some of them continued to perform and compose songs in other genres. Almost everyone knows, besides "Manas," many other works of
Mourning for Khan Koketey in the Karkyra Valley Rich and glorious Koketey, By the will of God and fate, Reached his last days. He coughed and groaned loudly, The wise elder sensed: His years were over, That in a day, or maybe two, He would leave this life forever. To give his last will, He called his brother Baymurza. — I feel my death has come. I have one heir — Carefree, young Bokmurun. He didn’t wipe his nose in childhood — And that’s how the people named him. He is only fifteen years old.
Mourning for Kököktöy. Part - 3 Manas was placed in the yurt of the glorious and renowned girl Toorun. The entire people who had come to the ash, pushing each other, were eager to see Manas and crowded around his yurt. Chagyray, the skilled sonchi who served Khan Alooke, wanting to find out what Manas was like, peeked through the hole of the yurt. However, the fearsome appearance of Manas frightened him so much that his heart could not withstand such fear and burst.
The Most Famous Manaschi The modern storyteller Shapak Urysmendiev was born in 1863 in what is now the Chuy region, in a family of farmers. In his childhood, he began working in agriculture and later lived off the income from it. The profession of a singer was a side endeavor for him as a lover of the art. Shapak did not receive formal education but can read. He became a true storyteller only as an adult, although he had known and performed separate excerpts from the epic before that.
Memorial for Kökötöy. Part - 2 The people rejoiced in the freedom of the new pasture. It was convenient for the livestock and suitable for memorial feasts. Then the people began to prepare for the noisy feast, searching the surroundings for sources of clean water and gathering fuel.
A tale of how Manas' relative Kozkaman wanted to poison him with poison Hey! The head of all khans, Esenkhan, Gave an order to the satraps: To go to Manas and kill him! To whoever accomplishes this, He promised publicly To reward them with a khanship. When the invader Alooke Drove the Kyrgyz from their homeland, The descendant of Orozdu — Usen Took the name Kozkaman for himself, And stayed hidden there. No Chinese knew That Kozkaman was Kyrgyz. And so Kozkaman decided With his elder son
Togolok Moldo and Sayakbay Karalaev Sayakbay Karalaev The most outstanding storyteller of our time is Sayakbay Karalaev from the Bugy clan. He was born in 1894 in what is now the Jeti-Oguz district of the Issyk-Kul region. His father was a poor man. From childhood, Sayakbay worked as a hired laborer. In 1916, the 22-year-old young man participated in the uprising of the Kyrgyz people and fled to China with some comrades, but was detained by tsarist soldiers on the way. Some of those detained
Mourning for Kökötöy Kökötöy, the khan of Tashkent, had eleven daughters but no sons, and this saddened his heart. The daughter of the mergen, the beautiful Bektoru, fell in love with the batyr Töshtük and became pregnant by him. When Töshtük was about to leave, Bektoru asked him: - Tell me, what should I do with the child that lives in my womb, as your amanat?
The Marriage of Manas to Kanikei Hey! Manas, who had two wives, Lived in this world for thirty years. And he often began to grieve, That until now there were no children. And Karabork and Akylai Managed to get along with each other And share their husband at night, But they could not together Give Manas a son. Seeing how his friend was sorrowing, Almanbet said to Manas: — Although you have two wives, At thirty years old, you are still a bachelor. You did not court them at all, And did not go
The First Records of the Texts of the Epic "Manas" Until now, we have mentioned those storytellers of "Manas" from whom no recordings were made. We now turn to the biographies of the second group of singers, from whom full-fledged recordings of the texts were made in a scientific context. The first of this group is Sagymbay Orozbakov. The great akyn (Chon akyn), as the people called him, was born in 1867 in the locality of Kabyra in the Issyk-Kul valley. His father was a
The Tale of How Almanbet Came to Manas The khan Manas gathered the heroes And said: — I look at you And see boredom and despair. Intrigues, gossip, fuss — There’s no escaping them anywhere. The native land beneath our feet — There’s no reason for us to go to battle. There’s no need for military campaigns — Our steeds are growing fat. Now all that’s left for us Is to grow fat, grow old, and die. What a bore! Damn it! Maybe we should all go hunting? Like in battle, To amuse our hands there,
THE CONSPIRACY OF KOZKAMANS Years passed, and the Kyrgyz lived peacefully with one another. But this very peace troubled their enemies. One day, the Kangai ruler Esen, disturbed by the well-being of his neighbors and fearing that difficult days might come for his own people, gathered all forty clans of the Kalmyks, Kara-Kitay, and Manchus and began his speech as follows: – Listen everyone and do not say later that you did not hear. The Kyrgyz ruler Manas has united all his tribes into one
First Singers The collection and study of biographical data on the singers of the "Manas" epic began only after the Great October Socialist Revolution. Therefore, the material we have is primarily a description of the life and activities of those singers who lived relatively recently or are still alive today. The further away from our era the singer lived, the more scarce the information about him becomes. For a number of singers from the 19th century, we only have fragmentary data
The Tale of How Almanbet Came to the Kazakh Khan Kokche Hey! Having fled from China, Almanbet Wandered the world for many days, And arrived on the vast steppes In the blessed Sar-Arka, Where the Kazakh hero Aydarkan Ruled for many years with his son. Seeing the traveler in the distance, Kokche's son came out to meet him. — Who are you? Where are you headed? What fate has brought you to us? And according to the steppe tradition, Taste some food, and then You will get to know me! — My
MARRIAGE OF MANAS TO KANIKEI "If he does not peacefully hand over the populous Bukhara, I will attack the city and take it by force," thought the grim and frowning Chubak, who had left Alai with a firm intention to seize the throne of the Bukhara khan, Temir. His battle horse, Kogala, crushed stones into dust with every step, racing forward like a fearsome bird, while the hero, girded with a double-edged damask sword, led a numerous army, riding atop his horse. When he reached the
THE HERO ALMANBET IN THE CAMP OF MANAS In the camp of Karaborka with iron gates, having spread several layers of blankets under himself, placing a few down pillows under his head, stretching out his arms and legs, the hero Manas sweetly slept – and dreamed a dream. He dreamed that while riding along a foothill path, he found a sword in a sheath with a golden tip, and that sword was three to four arshins long, with a copper handle and a smooth grip, with a curved blade and the sharpest edge. He
Characteristics of the socio-economic stages of development of the Kyrgyz people in the epic "Manas" The epic of the Kyrgyz people "Manas" glorifies the feats of the legendary Kyrgyz hero Manas and narrates many social and domestic events related to his life and activities. The significance of the epic for characterizing the socio-economic stages of development of the Kyrgyz people is immense. In "Manas," we see a reflection of clan, patriarchal-tribal, and
Tale of Almanbet Hey! At that time, China was ruled by The sons of Khan-Kakanchyna: Esen, Kary, Alooke And the youngest brother Aziz. One day the brothers gathered, They came to Esen's palace: They finally decided To marry off the younger Aziz. He was already over twenty-five, But still could not Find a bride for himself. And Esen-khan himself commanded To gather beautiful maidens From fifteen to twenty — To choose the highest beauty. From the Huanghe to the Irtysh, And from the Amur to
Almanbet Comes to Kokcho. Part 2 Drunken Kokcho sometimes came to his senses and could barely see Almanbet before him. – You have Akerketch on your mind, you have been watching over her for a long time. You are thinking about Akerketch, you are keeping an eye on her anyway, – mumbled Kokcho.
ALMANBET COMES TO KOKCHO Almanbet and Majik reached the vast main bay of Kyl-Ertish and stopped there. Almanbet took a telescope in his hands and surveyed the wide steppe stretching in the shimmering heat, looking around. On the shore of Kyl-Ertish, he saw countless people, and in the middle – on a purebred stallion, on a light horse with gray apples, sat proudly a stately hero. The hero descended from the hill and greeted Majik in Kalmyk, then they joined the majority. This was the hero
[/h2] [h2]About the poem "The Tale of Manas". The creative individuality of the writer is most vividly manifested in the poetic vocabulary — the lexicon of the work. The foundation of "The Tale of Manas" as a Russian-language work is, of course, Russian vocabulary. It is presented, as required by the laws of the folk epic, in various speech variants (everyday, colloquial, military, jargon, etc.) and different stylistic layers (common vocabulary,
A Tale of How Manas, Offended by His Father, Left the Khan's Throne and Took Up Farming In Talas, the valiant Manas Established his khan's throne, Created a strong state. Brave warriors came from all sides To serve him, To protect the people and the land. And he gave each one a horse, Clothes, a shield, a spear, and a sword. He taught the art of battle, Organized races and wrestling, Generously distributing prizes. All around was peace and quiet. Grass grew, livestock thrived, On the
The Defeat of Afghan Khan Shooruk by the Kyrgyz Hey! In the south, where Alay lies, And nearby is Afghanistan (Where the Pashtuns live), The ruler of the maiymunduk tribe, The self-satisfied Khan Shooruk, Decided to subdue the Kyrgyz, To drive away all their livestock and herds, To push them far into the mountains. Shooruk had a family, children: Three sons, two daughters. And the eldest daughter Akylai Was gentle, slender in form And distinguished from others By her intelligence and bright
The Departure of the Hero Almambet from His People In Beijing, China, there appeared a khan named Alooke. His son was similar to his father in every way, and everyone trembled in fear at the sound of his voice; all people feared his glory – he quickly became famous for his cruelty. He began his unjust deeds at the age of nine, and by eleven, the numerous people of China, unable to bear his demands, scattered across the world. At thirteen, he sowed discord among the people, killed a monk, and
The Epic "Manas" — A True Encyclopedia of Kyrgyz Life in Historical Time In "The Tale of Manas" by M. Baidzhiev, there are many monologues, sought out by the experienced hand of the playwright. Some of them (Kanykey's appeal to Almanbet before the Great Campaign, Almanbet's monologue upon encountering his territory, Manas's prayer, Manas's last will) are perceived as independent excerpts of text. At the same time, M. Baidzhiev, as a playwright, shows an
A Tale of How Khan Alooke, Upon Seeing Manas, Fled from Fergana In the hands of the Chinese was then Our blessed Turkestan. The people were ruled in Fergana By the Chinese Khan Alooke. Cruel and merciless was This Khan to the Turkic peoples. And whoever did not flatter him, Was slaughtered like a sheep. To poverty he brought the people With a burdensome tax. One hundred thousand ingots of gold And as many sable skins Were collected only in Margilan. And all the pretty maidens He took into his
VICTORY OVER ALOOKE AND THE PROCLAMATION OF MANAS AS KHAN The pursuers chased the enemy day and night and reached the shores of Kum-Aryk. When dawn broke and it began to lighten, the troops of Alooke crossed the Shyta-Kechuu and Tash-Kechuu by wading, and at the very foothills, the wise Bakai ascended to survey the surroundings. At that time, in the area of Boyrok, by the shores of the Great Ak-Chiya, the hero Alooke sat in a white tent adorned with golden cords. Clouds of smoke billowed – the
Innovation of M. Baidzhiev What dramatic elements did M. Baidzhiev transform in 'The Epic of Manas'? Action, characterized by activity, purposefulness, and density; conflict, defining the unity of action; "self-assertive" manifestation of characters through actions and direct speech of the characters. Naturally, this required a transformation of the epic form of 'Manas'. M. Baidzhiev practically abandoned repetitions — brief retellings of events preceding new
The Return of the Kyrgyz from Altai to their Homeland Under the banners of their clans Finally leaving Altai, The Kyrgyz set out on a long journey — To the promised homeland. Everyone has one desire: To return quickly to Ala-Too, Where for ages The blood has fallen from the Kyrgyz umbilical cord. The turbulent streams of Ili With household goods and livestock Struggled through both swimming and wading. Bypassing the steep pass, They entered the valley of Uch-Aral, Along the rivers Konuz and
THE INTERROGATION CONDUCTED BY ALOOKE-KHAN IN ANDIJAN Having repelled all attackers, slaughtering everyone who resisted, destroying all who argued, with a fearsome cry, a fierce appearance, and an angry gaze, Khan Alooke seized the throne in Margilan. He held all six cities, including Kokand and Margilan, firmly in his grasp. Anyone who rose from the people, he imprisoned in an iron cage; any brave soul who dared to lift their head, he annihilated; in his anger, everyone feared him, afraid
A few words about the manaschi. Saginbay Orozbakov (1867–1930). A genius storyteller of "Manas." He was born in the village of Kabyrga on Issyk-Kul. He recited the entire trilogy of the epic. From Saginbay, 180 thousand poetic lines of "Manas" have been recorded. His version is distinguished by the depth of philosophical thought, epic multi-layeredness of the plot, unparalleled poetic quality, and richness of language. M. Baidzhiev places Saginbay on par with W.
Tale of the liberation of Turkestan from Chinese invaders Into valleys, mountains, and meadows Under the skies of the native land Through three roads across the steppe, Like three raging rivers, The Kyrgyz came from Altai. The military horn blared, The surnay shrieked piercingly. Like thunder, like a heavenly voice, The battle drum thundered. Under the red banner ahead With his retinue, Manas, Behind him, raising their banner, Kazakh Kokche, Noygut Chubak — By their mother, Kalmak, The head of
ABOUT HOW MANAS SOWED WHEAT AND BOUGHT HIMSELF AKKULA Thanks to the fame of his son, who was previously called "bai Jakyp," the father now began to be called "khan Jakyp." Greedy for livestock, he could not bear that Manas was playing in the ordo, and one day he shouted: – May you perish, son, and I will slaughter all my livestock and bury you. They are only gaining weight, and you keep slaughtering my camels, which have only a palm's worth of fat; at this rate, you
The Book "The Great Campaign" Work on publishing the Russian text of "Manas" resumed in 1940, and Tashim Baidzhiev, being the head of the folklore sector, approached the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Kyrgyzstan with a proposal to complete the translation and publish "The Great Campaign" in full, i.e., up to the tragic outcome of Manas's campaign to China. However, this did not happen. Soon after, the war with Germany began. Manas
The Love of Manas and Kyz-Saykal In Uch-Turfane lived Karacha — A glorious elder from Kalmykia. The old man was very proud Of his beautiful daughter Saykal. But what no one knew in the whole region Was that the girl was she, Hiding her hair under a helmet, She, like a true warrior, Wielded a sword, spear, and shield. When Tekes killed himself And Teiysh was chosen as khan, Saykal in battle armor Came to her father and said: — For my honor and homeland I will stand at the cost of my life! Here
THE RESETTLEMENT OF MANAS TO TALAS Having crushed forty tribes of the Chinese and Manchus, and saving a handful of Kyrgyz from complete destruction, Manas became the ruler of forty families. He consulted with the elders of his clan and led his tribe back to their native people. They slaughtered a colt whose mother remained barren, played bagalak, various noisy games, chess, generally pleased that they had avenged the hated Kalmyks.
Evgeny Dmitrievich Polivanov At the origins of the theory and history of poetic translation of "Manas" into Russian stood the outstanding philologist and orientalist Evgeny Dmitrievich Polivanov (1891–1938). In the last years of his life (1934–1937), he worked with us in Kyrgyzstan as a research associate at the Scientific Research Institute of the Kyrgyz Language and Writing, actively engaging in the study and translation of the epic "Manas." A significant coincidence: the
The campaign and victory over Tekes-khan Hey! Two months have passed since We held a gathering in Altai. The people prepared their sons For a distant battle campaign. Warriors from all clans Gathered at Manas. The wide valley was Filled with people, And under the hooves of horses The earth trembled. And spears, like a dense forest, Sparkled with blue steel. With a green shaft, a red banner Fluttered above their heads. Under it, once Khan Nogoy Led his troops into bloody battle. Kyrgyz,
THE SECOND BATTLE OF MANAS WITH THE KARA-KITANS The Chinese, led by the heroes Neskara and Joloy, surrounded Manas's camp early in the morning, like ants. The khans, in battle armors, rained down thousands of arrows like rain; drums thundered, tearing at the heart with their noise; dogs howled, cows mooed, trying to dig the ground with their snouts; and the entire area was instantly engulfed in panic. The Tırgooty rushed en masse at the lion-like Manas to seize and bind him. Brave Manas,
Artistic Transformation of Oral Poetic Speech into Written Form The father of Mara Tashimovich, Tashim Iskhakovich Baidzhiev, was a well-known writer, educator, and philologist. He is one of the founders of Kyrgyz professional prose and drama, the author of the first textbooks on the Kyrgyz language and literature, a translator of Russian classical works, and a researcher of folklore. His contribution to the study of the epic "Manas" is particularly significant. He headed the
The Meeting of Manas with Koshoy and Bakay The celebrations had just ended, Akbalta called Manas. — When we, leaving our homeland, Departed with the whole world to Altai, Several clans of Kyrgyz Were left there among the enemies. To those who could not escape then, A bitter fate was bestowed. One, remaining far away, Fights with Khan Alooke The ruler of the Katagan clan, The mighty elder Koshoy-khan. In the valley of the Big Kemin rivers Another clan remained, Which is ruled by Khan Urby. When
ABOUT HOW ESEN-KHAN SENDS AN ARMY AGAINST MANAS UNDER THE COMMAND OF DJOLOY So, ten thousand warriors led by DjoLOY and Dongo, who set out on a campaign to capture Manas, were defeated and scattered, fleeing all the way to Beijing. Beaten, bloodied, and swollen like a bag of skins, DooDur cried and howled as he walked day and night until he reached the camp of Esen-Khan and, barely mumbling, told what had happened:
RUSSIAN-SPEAKING MANASCHI MAR BAIDZHIEV Professor G. N. Khlypenko. “The duty, bequeathed by God, is fulfilled…”. These words of Pushkin’s chronicler Pimen from the drama “Boris Godunov” were taken by Mar Baidzhiev as the epigraph to his “Tale of Manas”. And here’s why.
Election of Manas as Khan From the herd, where Aymanboz — A beautiful, strong stallion, Always a faithful leader, Having slaughtered nine mares, Dozens of fire pits dug, Setting up a hundred cauldrons, Filled with water, they lit the fire. Here, gathering from all sides, The Kyrgyz came together. And all who arrived in Altai Were counted by Akbalta himself. And it turned out that there were Almost a hundred thousand here. — From all corners of our native land We have come here to Altai, With
KHAN KOSHOY In a hilly area crossed by a river, the hero Koshoy gathered the Kyrgyz from seven valleys, and with great difficulty formed them into a people; he raised hunting birds from hawks, made a nation from different tribes; he raised nimble birds from small falcons, made a people from a rabble; and at that time they lived in places called Chech-Dobo-Ata. Having slaughtered well-fed mares with four fingers of fat, foals from barren mothers, lambs that had just stopped suckling, laying out
The Epic Image of Manas - Synthetic, Rooted in a Real-Historical Basis Due to the state of the written sources that have reached us, the name of this leader remains a mystery. In Chinese sources, he appears only under titles, while in the Kyrgyz epic, he is referred to not by a Kyrgyz name - Manas. Establishing the name of this leader, with whom we associate the political rise of the Kyrgyz, as well as analyzing the name Manas, presents significant difficulties, and we have not yet achieved a
The Attack of Neskar The ruler of the Manchus became Twenty-year-old Neskar — Hot-headed, bold, young, Always satisfied with himself. He knew that the Burut tribes Had fled from their native land And now lived in Altai. In a short time, they had amassed Cattle, horses, and wealth in abundance. And, as the old prophet said, A fierce hero was born there, Growing stronger every day, As soon as he gathers strength, He will unleash a great devastation on everyone. — He is now thirteen years old.
ABOUT HOW MANAS WENT TO SEARCH FOR KOSHOY When the sun rose and the surroundings brightened, Manas woke up, stretched sweetly, and got up from the place where he had slept. He woke up forty of his friends and went to the spring on the outskirts of the village. He washed his face with spring water, and his body felt refreshed. Just as he was about to return, he saw a gray wolf and was surprised. Manas walked on – the wolf followed him; Manas stopped – the wolf did too. Hoping to scare off the
