The Kyrgyz are one of the oldest peoples who lived in Central Asia and roamed the vast expanses of Asia. In the last millennium, they finally settled in the modern territory of Kyrgyzstan, which became their historical homeland. However, many Kyrgyz lived abroad, and connections with them were hardly maintained.
Changes in the Cultural Sphere. Independence and the democratic processes occurring in public life have brought renewal to the science, education, and culture of the republic. First of all, culture has freed itself from the ideological oversight of the party, which accompanied it throughout the years of Soviet power. No film, book, or play reached the people without strict censorship from the party: it determined what was worth reading, watching, and what was not. The lifting of censorship
Kyrgyzstan gained independence in a complex economic and political environment. With the transition to market relations, the unified economic complex that had been established in the USSR began to disintegrate. Economic ties between neighboring enterprises, which supplied each other with components for production, were severed. Kyrgyzstan, which had traditionally supplied raw materials and received finished products from other republics, found itself in a difficult situation. Supply contracts
Adoption of the New Constitution With the acquisition of independence, the renewal of the state structure began in Kyrgyzstan. It was urgent to address important issues: on what principles will power be exercised in the country, what powers will the president and the main branches of state power — executive, legislative, and judicial — be endowed with; to establish state symbols — coat of arms, anthem, flag. New laws were needed to regulate the activities of the young state and ensure its
The coup of August 19, 1991. The course of deepening democratic changes in the USSR, conducted by M. Gorbachev, did not satisfy some high-ranking state officials. They were more attracted to the previous authoritarian-command system: under the new conditions, they could simply be sidelined with their conservative views, i.e., lose power. Therefore, they waited for a convenient opportunity to restore the influence of the Communist Party, eliminate the democratic forces and parties gaining
On the Path to Sovereignty and Independence: The Oath-Taking by Askar Akayev As part of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan went through a complex path to gain independence. However, as an independent republic, it still did not have full freedom, for example, in addressing political, economic, national, and other issues. Kyrgyzstan could not independently establish diplomatic relations with other countries, nor could it manage its natural resources independently. Even for the construction of an