URUGUAY. Eastern Republic of Uruguay A country in the southeastern part of South America, bordered to the south by the Atlantic Ocean. Area - 176.2 thousand km². Capital - Montevideo (1.6 million). Administrative-territorial division - 19 departments. Population - over 3.2 million (2005); Uruguayans (mainly descendants of European - Spanish and Italian - immigrants), Spaniards, as well as Italians and Portuguese. Official language - Spanish. Religion - Catholicism. Currency - Uruguayan peso =
WALLIS AND FUTUNA (ISLANDS) An overseas territory of France, located in Oceania, in the central part of the Pacific Ocean. It includes the group of Wallis Islands, Futuna Island, and Alofi Island. The territory covers 21A km². The administrative center is Mata-Utu (on Uvea Island in the Wallis Islands group) - 1.1 thousand. Population - 14.1 thousand (1997); on Wallis Islands - 9.5 thousand, mainly Polynesians. The official language is French. Religion: 99% - Catholics. Currency - euro.
UKRAINE A state in Central-Eastern Europe. Area - 603.7 thousand km². Capital - Kyiv (2,630 thousand, as of January 1, 1996), largest cities: Kharkiv, Odesa, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporizhia, Kryvyi Rih, Lviv. In terms of administrative-territorial division, it consists of 24 regions and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Population - 47.28 million (2005); Ukrainians - 73%, others - Russians (17.3%), Jews, Belarusians, Moldovans, Poles, etc. The official language is Ukrainian. The
UZBEKISTAN. Republic of Uzbekistan A state in the center and northwest parts of Central Asia, bordered to the northwest by the Aral Sea. Area - 447.4 thousand km². Capital - Tashkent (2.5 million), largest cities: Samarkand, Andijan, Namangan, Kokand, Bukhara, Fergana. In administrative-territorial terms, it is divided into 12 regions; includes the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Population - about 26 million (2004); about 75% - Uzbeks, 3.9% - Russians, 2.1% - Karakalpaks. There are also Tajiks,
UGANDA. Republic of Uganda A state in East Africa. Area — 236,000 km². Capital — Kampala (800,000), largest cities: Jinja, Mbale, Entebbe. Administrative division — 4 regions (Western, Buganda, Eastern, and Northern). Population - 24.6 million (2004), 99% — Africans; ethnic groups of the Bantu (about 70%) inhabit the central and southern regions, ethnic groups of East Sudanese and Nilotic (about 30%) live in the northern part of the country. There is a small layer of citizens of Asian descent.
TURKEY. Republic of Turkey A state located in Asia and Europe. Area - 779,452 thousand km², of which in Europe - 23.7 thousand km². It has land borders with Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Greece, Syria, Iraq, and Iran. It shares an economic zone and continental shelf border in the Black Sea with the Russian Federation and Ukraine, and also has a territorial waters border with Georgia. It is washed by the waters of the Black, Aegean, and Mediterranean Seas. The Asian and European parts
TURKMENISTAN A country in Central Asia, bordered to the west by the Caspian Sea. Area - 488,000 km². Most of the territory is occupied by sandy deserts (a significant part is the Karakum Desert) of the Turan Lowland (about 80% of the territory), with the Kopet Dag, Paropamiz, and the foothills of the Gissar Range in the south and southeast. The capital is Ashgabat (about 640,000), the largest cities are Turkmenbashi (formerly Krasnovodsk), Charjou, Tashauz, Nebitdag. Administrative-territorial
TUNIS. Republic of Tunisia A state in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Area - 164.2 thousand km². Capital - Tunis (approx. 2 million), major cities: Sfax (600 thousand), Bizerte, Kairouan, Sousse, Gabes, Monastir. Administrative division - 20 provinces. Population - 9.92 million (2004), predominantly Tunisians (Arabs). Official language - Arabic, widely spoken French. State religion - Sunni Islam. Currency - Tunisian dinar ** 1000 millimes.
TUVALU A country in Oceania, in the southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean (includes 9 islands of Tuvalu; until 1975 they were called the Ellice Islands), in Polynesia. Total territory - 25.9 km². The capital is Funafuti - on the atoll of Funafuti (about 3 thousand). Administrative division - 8 island councils. Population - 9.6 thousand (2004), mainly Tuvaluans (Polynesians). Official languages - English and Tuvaluan. Religion: the majority of the population are Protestant Congregationalists.
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Republic of Trinidad and Tobago A state on the northeastern coast of South America in the Caribbean Sea, located between North and South America, consisting of 2 large islands (Trinidad and Tobago) and 5 smaller ones. Total area—5.1 thousand km² (including Trinidad's territory—4.8 thousand km²). Capital - Port of Spain (over 254 thousand). Administrative-territorial division - 15 districts. Population —1.3 million (2001, estimate); primarily Trinidadians of
TONGA. Kingdom of Tonga A state in Oceania, in the southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean, located on the islands of Tonga, which consist of 3 main groups: Tongatapu, Ha'apai, and Vava'u, along with 150 volcanic and coral islands. Total area - 748 km². The capital is Nuku'alofa on the island of Tongatapu (about 30,000, including suburbs). Administrative-territorial division - 6 districts. Population - 100,000 (2004); 85% - Tongans (Polynesians). Official languages - Tongan and
TOKELAU Islands in Oceania, in the center, part of the Pacific Ocean (atolls - Atafu, Nukunono, and Fakaofo). Total area - 10.12 km². Administrative center — Fakaofo on the atoll of Fakaofo (approx. 700 people). Population - 1,500 (2004), mainly Polynesians. Official language - English. Currency - New Zealand dollar and Tokelau souvenir coin. The atolls were discovered by the Englishman J. Byron in 1765. In 1925, Great Britain transferred the Tokelau Islands, which had been under its
TOGO. Togo Republic A country in West Africa. It borders Ghana, Benin, and Burkina Faso. To the south, it is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea. Area — 56,785 km². Coastline length - 50 km, land borders - 1,650 km. Capital - Lomé (over 600 thousand), other major cities: Sokodé (55 thousand), Lama-Kara (40 thousand), Kpalimé (35 thousand). Administrative-territorial division — 5 regions. Population - 4.9 million (2004). The country has over 40 ethnicities and ethnic groups, among which
TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS A British territory in the southeastern part of the Bahamas archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, between North and South America, consisting of 2 groups of islands with the same name. It comprises more than 30 small islands (only 8 are inhabited). Area - 430 km². The administrative center is Cockburn Town (3.1 thousand) on Grand Turk Island. Population - 20.5 thousand (2005); over 90% are of African descent. The official language is English. Religion: the majority of the
TANZANIA. United Republic of Tanzania A country in East Africa on the coast of the Indian Ocean (the mainland part - Tanganyika) and on the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba. Area - 945.1 thousand km². Capital - Dodoma (about 1.5 million), to which all government organizations are being transferred from the former capital Dar es Salaam; largest cities: Mwanza, Tanga, Mbeya. The largest city of the island part - Zanzibar (over 500 thousand). Administrative-territorial division - 25 regions (20 in
THAILAND. Kingdom of Thailand Thailand (formerly Siam until 1939 and from 1945 to 1949) is a country in Southeast Asia, occupying part of the Indochinese and Malacca peninsulas. It borders Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia. The area is 513.1 thousand km². The capital is Bangkok (9 million), other major cities include Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai in the north, and Nakhon Si Thammarat and Hat Yai in the south. The administrative division consists of 76 provinces (changwat). The population is 63
TAJIKISTAN. Republic of Tajikistan A state in the southeast of Central Asia. Area - 142.1 thousand km², over 90% - mountains, belonging to the systems of the Tian Shan, Gissaro-Alai, and Pamir. Capital - Dushanbe (560 thousand), major cities: Khujand, Kurgan-Tyube, Kulyab, Khorog. Administratively, it is divided into Sughd and Khatlon regions (including 45 districts) and the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region. Population - 6.1 million (2000). The country is home to representatives of more than
SIERRA LEONE. Republic of Sierra Leone A state in West Africa. Area - 12.3 thousand km². Capital - Freetown (515 thousand). Administrative-territorial division - 3 provinces and the capital district. Population - 5.7 million, two main ethnic groups: peoples of the Atlantic family (Temne, Bullom, Fulbe, Limba, etc.) and peoples of the Mende language family (Mende, Kono, Kuranko). There are also large Lebanese and Creole communities. Official language - English. Religion: about 75% - Muslims (in
SURINAME. Republic of Suriname A country in the northeast of South America. Area — 163.3 thousand km². Capital - Paramaribo (200 thousand). Administrative-territorial division - 10 districts. Population - 436 thousand (2004), including Indo-Pakistanis (37%), Creoles (31%), Indonesians (15.3%), Blacks (10.3%), Indigenous people (2.6%), Chinese (1.7%). Official language - Dutch, English is also widely spoken, and most Surinamese speak local creole languages. Religion - Catholicism,
SUDAN. Republic of Sudan A country in northeastern Africa, bordered by the Red Sea. Area — 2.5 million km². Capital - Khartoum (including Omdurman and Khartoum Bahri, approx. 2 million). Administrative-territorial division - 26 states. Population - approx. 30 million; about 48% are Arabs, 30% are tribes of the Negroid race: Dinka, Nuer, Shilluk, etc., 6% are Nubians, 6% are Beja, and others. The official language is Arabic. The state religion of the majority of the population is Sunni Islam
SOMALIA. Somali Republic A state in Northeast Africa, bordered by the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden. Area - 637.7 thousand km². Capital - Mogadishu (over 800 thousand), largest cities: Kismayo, Berbera, Hargeisa, Marka. Administratively divided into 18 regions. Population - 9.3 million (1995), of which 95% are Somalis, the rest are a European minority (mainly Italians). Official languages are Somali and Arabic. The dominant religion is Islam. The currency is the Somali shilling = 100
SOLMON ISLANDS. Solomon Islands An island nation in Oceania, located in the southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea, occupies the southeastern part of the Solomon Islands and nearby islands (the six largest are San Cristobal, Guadalcanal, Malaita, Santa Isabel, New Georgia, Choiseul, and many smaller islands). Total area - 29,785 km²; adjacent water area - about 600,000 km². The capital is Honiara (on Guadalcanal Island, over 45,000). Administrative division - 4
USA A country in North America. Area — 9,363.2 thousand km². It consists of 3 non-contiguous parts: 1) the territory of the USA itself is located between 24°30'—49°23' north latitude and 66°57'—124°45' west longitude, with an area of 7.83 million km², bordered to the north by Canada, to the south — by Mexico, washed by the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and the Gulf of Mexico; 2) Alaska - area 1.53 million km², bordered by Canada, washed by the waters of the
SLOVENIA. Republic of Slovenia A state in the southern center of Europe, in the northwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula. Area - 20.3 thousand km². Coastline (Adriatic Sea) - 46.6 km. Capital - Ljubljana (267 thousand), major cities: Maribor, Celje, Kranj. Administrative-territorial division - 62 districts. Population - 1.99 million (2002); Slovenes make up 90%; Croats - 3%, Serbs - 2%, Hungarians - 0.5%, Italians - 0.4%. Half of the population lives in cities.
SLOVAKIA. Slovak Republic A state in Central Europe. Area — 49,035 km². Capital - Bratislava (approx. 447 thousand), major cities: Košice, Prešov, Žilina, Banská Bystrica. Administratively, it is divided into 8 regions. Population — 5.379 million (2005); Slovaks - 85.8%, Hungarians - 9.7%, Czechs - 0.8%, Roma - 1.7%, in addition, there are Germans, Poles, and Jews. The official language is Slovak. Religion - Roman Catholicism (68.9%), Evangelical (6.9%), Greek Catholic (4.1%), Reformed Church
SYRIA. Syrian Arab Republic A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. Area - 185.18 thousand km² (Golan Heights - about 1370 km², occupied by Israel since 1967). Capital - Damascus (about 4 million, including suburbs), largest cities: Aleppo, Homs, Latakia, Hama, Qamishli. Administrative-territorial division - 14 governorates or provinces (muhafaz). Population - approximately 17.8 million (2005), Arabs - 88%, also includes Kurds (about 6.5%),
SINGAPORE. Republic of Singapore An island nation in Southeast Asia, located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It is separated from the Malay Peninsula by the Johor Strait (through which a transport dam is built), and from the islands of Indonesia by the Singapore Strait. The name Singapore is derived from Sanskrit and means "City of the Lion." This name is shared by the island, river, city, and state. In addition to the main island, there are over 50 small islands. The
SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO A state union in southeastern Europe. Proclaimed on February 4, 2003; it unites 2 member states - Serbia and Montenegro. Serbia includes 2 autonomous provinces - Vojvodina, Kosovo, and Metohija. The territory is 102.2 thousand km² (Serbia - 88.4 thousand km², Montenegro - 13.8 thousand km²). The administrative center is Belgrade (approx. 1.6 million). The population is approximately 10.1 million. In Serbia, there are 7.5 million (according to the 2002 census). These
SAINT LUCIA A state on the island of the same name in the group of Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea between North and South America. Area - 616 km². Capital - Castries (57 thousand). Administrative-territorial division - 11 districts. Population - 166 thousand, 90% of African descent. Official language - English, the majority of the population speaks a local creole language based on French (patois). Religion: about 90% of the population practices
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS. Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis A state on the islands of Saint Kitts (also known as Saint Christopher) and Nevis, which are part of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea, between North and South America. Area - 261 km². Capital - Basseterre (20,000) on the island of Saint Kitts. Administrative division - 14 districts. Population - 39,000 (including Nevis - 9,000), 86% of African descent. Official language - English. Dominant religion - Protestant (Anglicanism and
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES A state on the island of Saint Vincent and 32 small islands (the Grenadines) in the archipelago of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea, between North and South America. Total area — 389.3 km². Capital — Kingstown (19,000). Administrative-territorial division — 6 districts. Population — 117,000 (2005) (85% — blacks and mulattos).
SENEGAL. Republic of Senegal A state located on the Atlantic coast of West Africa. Area - 196.7 thousand km². Capital - Dakar (approx. 2 million). Administrative-territorial division - 11 regions. Population - 10 million (2002): Wolof (Wolof and Lebou) - 48.6%, Pulaar (Fula, Laobe, Puel, Tukulor) - 25%, Serer - 14.9%, Diola - 6.3%, Mandinka (Malinke, Manding, Suse) - 4.2%, Moors - 1%. There are also Europeans and Arabs (approx. 50 thousand), mainly French and Lebanese. The official language is
SEYCHELLES. Republic of Seychelles A state on the islands of the Seychelles archipelago (a total of about 115 islands, the largest being Mahé, with 46 islands considered inhabited) in the western part of the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Africa. Area - 455.3 km². Capital - Victoria (about 26,000; on Mahé island). Population - about 80,000 (2000): Seychellois, Creoles (descendants of Europeans and Africans, as well as immigrants from Asian countries), Bantu Africans, Indians, Chinese, and
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands A state in Oceania, in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, in the group of Mariana Islands. Area — 457 km² (the largest islands: Saipan, Tinian, Rota, etc.). The administrative center is Susupe (on Saipan Island, more than 65,000). Population — about 80,300 (2005), predominantly Chamorro and Carolinians. The official language is English. Religion: the majority of believers are Catholics. Currency - US dollar: The islands
SAINT HELENA ISLAND A British territory in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean, located 1900 km from the southwest coast of Africa. In addition to Saint Helena Island, the territory administratively includes Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha Island, and 5 uninhabited islands. The total area is 0.4 thousand km² (the area of Saint Helena Island is 122 km², Tristan da Cunha Island is 209 km²). The administrative center is Jamestown (1.5 thousand). The population is 7.6 thousand (2004),
SWAZILAND. Kingdom of Swaziland A country in southern Africa. Area - 17,36 thousand km². Capital - Mbabane (60 thousand), the residence of the king and parliament - Lobamba. Administrative division - 4 regions and 55 districts. Population - 1.1 million (2004), mainly the Swazi ethnicity. Approximately 10 thousand Europeans and people of Asian descent reside here. Official languages - English and Swazi. Religion: about 60% of the population are Christians (Catholics), the rest adhere to local
SAUDI ARABIA. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia A state in Southwest Asia, occupying more than 80% of the Arabian Peninsula and several coastal islands in the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Area - about 2,240,000 km². Capital - Riyadh (over 4 million), major cities: Jeddah (about 2 million), Mecca, Medina. Administrative division - 13 regions. Population - 22.7 million (2004), of which 6.7 million are foreigners. The official language is Arabic, English is also widely spoken. The state religion is Sunni
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE. Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe An island nation located in the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 300 km from the central African coast. The territory covers about 1,000 km² (São Tomé - 836 km², Príncipe - 128 km²). The capital is São Tomé (over 45,000). The administrative division consists of 7 districts. The population is 160,000 (as of 2004). Ethnically, it is a mix of various Bantu-speaking African peoples and partly Portuguese. The
SAN MARINO. Republic of San Marino A state in the northeastern part of the Apennine Peninsula on Mount Titano, surrounded by Italian territory. Area - 61 km². Capital - San Marino (approx. 4,500). Administratively divided into 9 districts: Serravalle/Dogana, Borgo Maggiore, Faetano, San Marino, Domagnano, Fiorentino, Chiesanuova, Acquaviva, Monte Giardino. Population - over 28,000. A large number of San Marino citizens (about 13,000) live permanently outside the country, mainly in Italy, as
SAMOA. Independent State of Samoa A state in the central part of the Samoa archipelago in the Pacific Ocean (Oceania). The largest islands are Savai'i and Upolu. Total area — 2,800 km². Capital - Apia. Administrative division — 14 districts. Population — 200,000 (2004), mainly Samoans (Polynesians). Official languages — Samoan and English. Religion: 50% of believers are Protestants, 45% are Catholics. Currency unit - tala (Samoan dollar) = 100 sene. It has diplomatic relations with the
SALVADOR. Republic of El Salvador A country in Central America on the Pacific Ocean coast. Area - 21.4 thousand km². Capital - San Salvador (with suburbs over 1.5 million). Administrative-territorial division - 14 departments. Population - 6.7 million (2004), 89% - mestizos. Official language - Spanish. Dominant religion - Catholicism. Currency - US dollar, the colón has practically been phased out. Diplomatic relations with the Russian Federation were established on June 3, 1992.
ROMANIA A country in the southeast of Central Europe, its coast is washed by the Black Sea. The area is 238,391 thousand km². The capital is Bucharest (1.93 million), largest cities (over 250 thousand population): Constanța, Brașov, Iași, Timișoara, Cluj-Napoca, Galați, Craiova. Administrative-territorial division — counties (41 + Bucharest (has the status of a county)), municipalities — centers with a population of over 50 thousand (57), cities (268), communes (2698), which include over 13
RWANDA. Republic of Rwanda A state in East Africa. Area - 26,338 thousand km². Capital - Kigali (approx. 600 thousand). Administratively, the territory of the country is divided into 12 provinces. Population - 8.5 million (2004); national-ethnic groups: Hutu - 85% of the population, Tutsi - 13.5%, Pygmies - Twa - about 1.5%. Official languages - French, English, Kinyarwanda (Bantu group). Main religions: over 55% of the population are Catholics, about 24% are Protestants, 11% are Adventists,
CHRISTMAS ISLAND Located in Oceania, in the southeastern part of the Indian Ocean, 2623 km northwest of Perth (Australia) and 360 km from Java. Area - 135 km². Population - 1.5 thousand (2004), predominantly of Chinese and Malay descent. The official language is English. Europeans first arrived on the island in 1615. It was officially declared a possession of Great Britain in 1888, and the first settlement was established in the same year (after phosphate deposits were discovered). Until 1958,
RÉUNION An overseas department of France in the Indian Ocean, on the island of Réunion, located 800 km east of Madagascar. Area - 2,500 km². The administrative center is Saint-Denis (approx. 132,000). Main seaport - Le Port. Administrative division - 4 districts. Population - 766,000 (2004); the majority are Creoles - descendants of French, Malagasy, Indian, Arab, and African settlers. The official language is French. Religion - Christianity, with the majority of believers being Catholics
PUERTO RICO. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico A territory of the USA, located on the island of Puerto Rico, as well as on the islands of Vieques, Culebra, Mona, and others (in the Greater Antilles archipelago), situated between the continents of North and South America, washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Caribbean Sea to the south. To the west, Puerto Rico is separated from the island of Haiti by the Mona Passage. Area - 9,100 km². The administrative center is San Juan
Portuguese Republic A country in the southwest of Europe, in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula; it also includes the Azores and Madeira islands in the Atlantic Ocean. Area - 92.1 thousand km². Territorial waters - 12 miles, economic zone - 200 miles. Land border - with Spain. Capital - Lisbon (with suburbs - 1.5 million), largest cities: Porto, Braga, Setúbal, Coimbra, Évora. In some countries of the world (Brazil, France, South Africa, Canada, USA, Venezuela, Switzerland, Germany),
POLAND. Republic of Poland A country in Central Europe, with a coastline on the north washed by the Baltic Sea. Area - 322.6 thousand km². Capital - Warsaw (1 million 618 thousand), largest cities: Łódź (807 thousand), Kraków (741 thousand), Wrocław (638 thousand), Poznań (578 thousand), Gdańsk (459 thousand), Szczecin (417 thousand). Since 1.1.1999, Poland has a three-tier system of administrative-territorial division: voivodeships (a total of 16) - powiats (308 rural and 65 urban) - gminas
