Animal Husbandry The main direction in the multi-sector agricultural production of Kyrgyzstan was the intensive development of public animal husbandry. The share of sectors and crops in the agriculture of the republic on the eve of the Great Patriotic War (1940) was characterized by the following figures (in %):
Many female field workers have gained fame in the struggle for high yields of technical crops. In the Kyzyl-Asker collective farm of the Sokuluk district, the team led by K. Shopokova, the wife of the hero of Panfilov, Duyshenkul Shopokov, harvested 684 centners of beets per hectare in 1942, instead of the planned 210 centners, and on her personally assigned plot, the leading beet grower collected 700 centners of this valuable technical crop.
The party, Soviet, land authorities, and leaders of collective and state farms did everything possible to organize the harvest of 1942 in a timely manner and without losses. During the harvest season, 980 combines worked in the fields. The production leaders demonstrated exemplary selfless labor. The first to fulfill the harvesting plan in Kyrgyzstan by July 20, 1942, was combine operator Yaushev from the Kholmion MTS of the Osh region. He harvested 300 hectares and saved a significant amount
Thanks to the selfless labor of collective farm workers, MTS employees, and state farm workers, the spring sowing campaign of 1942 was conducted successfully: the sowing of grain was completed in 35 working days compared to 50 in 1941, sugar beets in 28 days, and cotton in 23 days. The sowing area for all agricultural crops in 1942 increased by 77.1 thousand hectares in collective farms and by 4.4 thousand hectares in state farms, totaling an increase of 81.5 thousand hectares. In addition,
The industrial enterprises provided significant assistance in supplying spare parts to the collective farms. For instance, the Osh Regional Executive Committee mandated the "Kyzyl-Kiya" mining administration to produce tractor parts for the Naukat, Ichkilik, and Tuya-Muyun MTS, the Frunze Metallurgical Plant for the Kholmion MTS, the "Sulyukta" mining administration for the Laylak and Beshken MTS, and the silk factory for the Osh and Madyn MTS. However, the production of
In collaboration with the district party committees, relying on the rural activists, the political departments launched mass political and organizational work among the workers aimed at boosting agricultural production, monitored the activities of the MTS (Machine and Tractor Stations) and state farms, and ensured the successful execution of crucial fieldwork and timely resolution of military food supply tasks. The political departments paid great attention to the training of mechanization
The results of 1941 indicate the enormous economic potential of the collective farms and state farms of Kyrgyzstan, as well as their capabilities in further increasing the production of food and raw materials. 1942 proved to be particularly difficult for the country's agriculture. The Soviet Union lost Ukraine, the Don region, Crimea, Kuban, and other key areas for the production of grain and technical crops, as well as livestock. Before the war, these regions were home to 45% of the
The sudden attack of fascist Germany and the unfavorable development of military actions on the front created enormous difficulties not only in industry but also in the agriculture of the country. The enemy managed to capture the richest agricultural regions: before the war, they produced 38% of the gross grain output, 84% of sugar, accounted for 38% of cattle, and 60% of the pig population. Many able-bodied and skilled workers and collective farmers were mobilized to the front. In addition, a
The communication authorities also improved their work. In a record short time—from July to December 1941—a 533-kilometer line was laid, and 54 border rural councils of the republic were connected by telephone; a telegraph and telephone line was constructed Pulgon—Haiderken, and telephone communication was established between the mine and the city of Osh; the construction of the communication line Durbeldzhin—Kazarman was completed; the telephone connection of large evacuated enterprises was
The various types of transport in the republic that grew during the years of Soviet power—railway, road, and water transport—had to quickly transition to a military footing in an extremely challenging environment, ensuring timely and uninterrupted transportation for military and economic needs. By the order of the People's Commissariat of Railways of the USSR from June 24, 1941, train movements across the entire Soviet Union were switched to a special military schedule, civilian
As a result of the titanic efforts of the Communist Party and the selfless labor of the working class in the spring, summer, and autumn of 1942, the military-industrial potential of Kyrgyzstan continued to grow steadily. The gross output of all industries by the end of 1942 amounted to 296.8 million rubles, which is an increase of 15.3 million rubles compared to 1940. The pace of production of essential goods for the front and defense industry was rapidly increasing. This is evidenced by the
Assigning exceptional political and economic significance to the unprecedented rise in the creative activity of workers, the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Kyrgyzstan, in its resolution of April 7, 1942, "On the Development of the Stakhanov Movement During Wartime," recommended that party and economic organizations and enterprises make broader use of the experience of production innovators to prepare for a mass Stakhanov movement, as the main task—ensuring
The powerful driving force in awakening the creative activity and initiative of the masses in the struggle to increase labor productivity and boost the output of surplus products for the front was socialist competition. V. I. Lenin, after the victory of the Great October (in February 1918), wrote: “Our task now, when the socialist government is in power, is to organize competition.” He was the first to see in competition an inexhaustible creative force in increasing the productivity of social
The war exacerbated the situation regarding the supply of oil to the country's industry and transport. In Kyrgyzstan, large-scale oil production began only in 1937. On the eve of the war, it produced 23.8 thousand tons of oil per year, ranking seventh after the RSFSR, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. With the advance of German-fascist troops to the Volga and the foothills of the Caucasus, oil production in Baku sharply decreased, and in the Grozny and Maykop
Emergency measures were taken to increase the extraction of fuel, primarily coal. Assessing the role of the coal industry, V. I. Lenin said: “Coal is the true bread of industry; without this bread, industry is inactive, and without this bread, railway transport is condemned to the most miserable condition...”. While the Kyrgyz SSR relied mainly on its internal resources for electricity production, the problem of supplying industry and transport with fuel, primarily coal, was solved through
In April 1942, the Soviet People's Commissariat and the Central Committee of the VKP(b) of Kyrgyzstan appealed to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the VKP(b) for the resumption of construction of the Lebedinovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station on the Bolshoy Chuy Canal in 1942, with the first phase capacity of 4,200 kW (construction had begun in May 1941, but due to the wartime situation, work was temporarily suspended). A special commission
On September 12, 1941, the Council of People's Commissars of the Kyrgyz SSR established a new housing norm in cities — 5 square meters instead of the previously accepted 8.25 square meters. This allowed for the accommodation of only 1,200 families of evacuees and military personnel in Frunze through densification. Alongside this, residential buildings of simplified types — barracks, dormitories, and semi-earth houses — were being constructed everywhere. Workers and employees of relocated
Mobilization of All Internal Resources of the Kyrgyz SSR Speedy construction methods, which originated in the pre-war years, were particularly widely applied during the war and became one of the most important conditions for the rapid commissioning of evacuated enterprises and new industrial construction in deep rear areas. This gigantic work was accompanied by enormous difficulties. The volume of investments in the national economy of the republic decreased from 206 million rubles in 1940 to
Industrial Construction in All Rear Areas of the Soviet Union In the Kyrgyz SSR, as in all rear areas of the Soviet Union, industrial construction did not stop for a single day. Factories and plants, mines and quarries, power stations and railways were put into operation at an accelerated pace, contributing to the strengthening and expansion of the military-economic base of the country. In January 1942, the construction of the Aktuz lead mine, which had begun in the pre-war years, was
Placement and Restoration of Relocated Factories and Plants in Kyrgyzstan In the summer of 1942, due to the breakthrough of German-fascist troops in the southeast direction, it became necessary to evacuate the population, part of the industrial enterprises, collective farm property, and cultural values from the war zone to the East once again. From June to December 1942, equipment from the vegetable-canning plant in the city of Kharabali, Astrakhan region, the alcohol plant (city of Ertil) and
High Rates of Defense Production Industrial enterprises quickly adapted to the production of goods necessary to meet military needs. In July 1941, the Frunze Mechanical Plant was tasked with organizing the manufacture of special orders for the front. Workers, engineers, and technicians exerted all their efforts and mastered their production in the shortest possible time. Examples of selfless labor were shown by skilled workers: lathe operator Mavrin, who consistently produced four norms daily,
First Wartime Plan On June 30, 1941, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR approved the first wartime plan — the mobilization national economic plan for the third quarter of 1941. It envisaged an increase in military production by 26% compared to the quarterly plan of peacetime. Among the priority over-plan constructions for 1941 was the construction of the Tokmak Automobile Repair Plant of the People's Commissariat of Motor Transport of the Kyrgyz SSR and the completion of
Everything for the Defeat of Fascist Aggressors From the very first days of the war, the efforts of the party and the people, local councils, trade unions, the Komsomol, and other public organizations were focused on the main task and primary goal — the armed defense of the socialist homeland and the defeat of fascist aggressors. They persistently and purposefully implemented the transition of all sectors of the socialist economy of the republic to a military footing, mobilizing material,
Participant of the Great Patriotic War A. Barditsky shares combat experience with Komsomol members of the "Khun-Chi" collective farm in the Frunze region. Trade Unions and Komsomol during the War Years The most numerous organizations uniting the overwhelming majority of the working class and employees of Kyrgyzstan during the war years were trade unions. According to incomplete data, in 1943, the number of their members reached 72,694, united in 24 sectoral unions. They covered 2,409
Activities of the Councils of Workers' Deputies in Military Conditions The Councils of Workers' Deputies also reorganized their work in accordance with military conditions. This reorganization brought some changes to the structure and methods of work of local government bodies, as well as their organizational forms, with the aim of maximizing the adaptation of the Councils' activities to the fulfillment of military mobilization and economic-organizational tasks dictated by the
The Work of the Party Organization of Kyrgyzstan on the Front The war that the Soviet people waged against the German-fascist invaders was just and liberating from the very beginning. Its goal was not only to eliminate the danger looming over our socialist Motherland but also to provide international assistance to all the peoples of Europe and to save world civilization. At the same time, the Great Patriotic War is the most important component of the Second World War, which determined its
The call of the party to selflessly defend every inch of Soviet land Combat operations on the front, despite the greatest resilience and perseverance of Soviet warriors, unfolded under extremely unfavorable conditions. The strike groups of the German-fascist army advanced rapidly into the depths of the Soviet country, launching offensives simultaneously on three strategic directions — towards Leningrad, Moscow, and Kyiv. Under the pressure of superior enemy forces, the Soviet troops were
The Coalition of Three Powers Against Hitler As a result of the active resistance of the Soviet Armed Forces, the enemy suffered significant losses in the first battles. By mid-July, the German army had lost nearly 100,000 soldiers and officers and about half of the tanks operating on the Soviet-German front. From June 22 to July 19, 1941, the German Air Force lost 1,284 aircraft. The total losses of the enemy's ground forces by the end of June exceeded 213,000 personnel. The calculations
The First Heroes from Kyrgyzstan In the very first days of the war, fierce and bloody battles broke out. Soviet soldiers of all nationalities, in an incredibly difficult and complex situation, stood shoulder to shoulder, persistently and selflessly repelling the fierce onslaught of the enemy, going on the counterattack, and more than once forcing him to flee. One of the most brilliant pages in the history of the Great Patriotic War was written by the defenders of the border Brest Fortress.
Readiness of Kyrgyzstanis to Defend the Motherland On the very first day of the war, June 22, 1941, the Communist Party and the Soviet government appealed to the people with a call to stand up for the great achievements of October. “Our cause is just. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours!”—these slogans of the party instilled in the peoples of the USSR faith in their strength, in the triumph of the righteous cause, expressing their unwavering confidence in the victorious outcome of
Pirate Attack by German-Fascist Invaders The German-Fascist command, intoxicated by easy victories in Europe, sought to quickly conquer world domination. However, the main obstacle in the way of this aggressive campaign was the Soviet Union — the only socialist state on the planet. This is why its defeat was viewed by the Nazi military-political leadership as a decisive step toward achieving their adventurous goals. The German General Staff had developed a plan for military operations against
Kyrgyzstan on the Eve of the Great Patriotic War Alongside the expansion of the industrial base, measures were taken to further boost agricultural production. By the decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated April 7, 1940, starting from the harvest of 1940, a per-hectare principle for the procurement of agricultural products in crop production and animal husbandry was introduced in collective
The Attack of Nazi Germany on Poland. On September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany attacked Poland. Two days later, England and France—Poland's allies—declared that they were at war with Germany. Thus began World War II. It arose among the imperialist powers between two of their groupings and had a reactionary, aggressive character. In 1940, Nazi Germany occupied Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and defeated France. In the spring of 1941, fascist troops invaded Yugoslavia and
Multinational Workforce of Industrial Workers and Engineering and Technical Intelligentsia on the Eve of War In the process of creating the material and technical base of socialism, multinational cadres of industrial workers and engineering and technical intelligentsia were formed and grew. On the eve of the war, 165.3 thousand workers and employees were engaged in industry, transportation, and construction, in MTS and state farms of Kyrgyzstan, including 36,078 industrial workers compared to
Kyrgyzstan on the Eve of the Great Patriotic War In February 1941, the workers of Kyrgyzstan celebrated a significant date—the fifteenth anniversary of national socialist statehood. During the days of this glorious anniversary, the Kyrgyz people, with a sense of great pride, summarized the results of the difficult path of struggle and victories achieved under the leadership of the Communist Party within the fraternal family of free and equal peoples of the USSR. The main condition and starting
Agriculture during the War Period In writing the chapter and section on the agriculture of Kyrgyzstan during the war, materials from the consolidated annual reports of collective farms, stored in the Central State Archive of the National Economy of the USSR (fond 7486) and the Central State Archive of the Kyrgyz SSR (fond 1642—People's Commissariat of Land of the Republic) for the years 1941—1945 were used. A truthful analysis and in-depth examination of the simple yet illustrative
Archives for 1941—1945 The first edition of the book "Soviet Kyrgyzstan in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945" received positive reviews in the Soviet press regarding its structure and content. In preparing the second edition, dedicated to the glorious fortieth anniversary of the world-historical Victory of the Soviet people and its Armed Forces over fascist Germany and militarist Japan, the author sought to take into account the comments and wishes of readers—veterans of the war
Convoy with bread. Kyrgyz SSR 1942 Steps in the Study of Kyrgyzstan's History during the Great Patriotic War The participation of small nations in the nationwide struggle is addressed in one of the sections of "Essays on the History of Soviet Dungans" and more thoroughly in the work of I. Yusupov. These works examine the feats of Dungan warriors on the battlefields and the selfless labor of Dungan collective farmers in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in the rear, as well as their
Industry and Collective Farm Production of Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War. The fourth chapter of N. S. Esipov's monograph is dedicated to the study of industrial development during the war, based primarily on factual material extracted from the Central Statistical Administration of the Kyrgyz SSR. Despite a certain one-sidedness in the source base, the author managed to recreate the picture of industrial development, illuminate the dynamics of gross product output, the size and
New Research on the History of the Republic during the Great Patriotic War. A more comprehensive and systematic study of the history of Kyrgyzstan from 1941 to 1945 began after the end of the Great Patriotic War. In 1946, a work was published that highlighted the contribution of workers in the light industry of Kyrgyzstan to the victory effort based on factual material. Candidate dissertations on specific issues were prepared and defended. The authors of these studies attempted to demonstrate
The people of Kyrgyzstan will never forget Victory Day, May 9, 1945 Time has no power over the memory of the people. They will never forget Victory Day, May 9, 1945 — the greatest historical date. On this momentous day, the artillery salvos of the Moscow salute from a thousand guns announced to the peoples of the entire planet the end of the bloody war in Europe, the complete and crushing defeat of fascist Germany by the Soviet people and its valiant Armed Forces, and its unconditional