Birds
Long-nosed Merganser / Uzuntumshukty Chinese / Red-breasted Merganser
Red-breasted Merganser Status: Category VII, Least Concern, LC. Monotypic species.
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Red-breasted Merganser Status: Category VII, Least Concern, LC. Monotypic species.
Ferruginous Duck Status: VI category, Near Threatened, NT. Monotypic species. One of four species of the genus in the avifauna of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Whooper Swan Status: Category VII, Least Concern, LC. Rare breeding species. One of seven species of the genus in the global fauna and one of three in the fauna of Kyrgyzstan. Monotypic species.
Bar-headed Goose Status: Category VI, Near Threatened: R. A representative of the Tibetan species complex. A monotypic species.
Black Grouse Status: Category VI, Near Threatened: R. The subspecies L. t. mongolicus (Lonnberg, 1904) inhabits the Tian Shan mountains.
Tschitscherin’s Root Borer Status: Category II (VUB2ab(iii)). A narrowly distributed rare species, sporadically inhabiting areas of economic activity [11]. It belongs to a relict genus represented in the fauna of the republic by five species [12], and has aesthetic and scientific significance in the aspects of zoogeography and genetic conservation.
Vigorous Ground Beetle Status: Category II (VUBlb(iii)+2b(iii,iv); C2b). A narrowly distributed rare species, sporadically inhabiting areas of economic activity [11], entomophagous. One of two species of a relict oligotypic subgenus, endemic to the Fergana Mountain system [30], has scientific significance in terms of zoogeography and conservation of genetic resources.
Fergana Ground Beetle Status: Category II (VUB1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)c(iii,iv); C2b). A narrowly distributed rare species, sporadically inhabiting areas of economic activity [11], entomophagous. One of two species of the relict oligotypic subgenus, endemic to the Fergana Mountain Range [30], it has scientific significance in terms of zoogeography and genetic conservation.
Galatea Tiger Beetle Status: Category I (EN B1ab(iv)+2ab(iii,iv)). A narrowly endemic species with a fragmented distribution and decreasing population due to habitat destruction. The taxon has scientific significance in the aspects of zoogeography [31] and conservation of genetic diversity. An entomophage, it has aesthetic value; it is the only representative of the genus in the republic. Listed in the Red Book of Uzbekistan (category VUr D2) [23].
Steppe Katydid Status: Category II (VU Alc; B2ab(iii,iv); D1+2). A relic steppe species with decreasing numbers; included in the Red Book of the USSR in 1984 (Category II) [26], in IUCN RLTS (Category VU B1+2bd based on an assessment conducted in 1996) [76], and in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Category EN D) [23]. The only one of 12 species of the genus that extends beyond the Mediterranean region.
Coronate Spiketail Status: Category II (VUA4bc; B2b(iii,iv); D2). A locally occurring species with a declining population trend. All populations of the subspecies are fragmented, small, and vulnerable. It is of interest for zoogeography, study, and conservation of the regional gene pool. S. coronatus was previously considered a subspecies of ^rdulegaster insignis (Schneider, 1852) [12, 26, etc.], which was included in the Red Book of the USSR in 1984 (Category III) [26]. An
Tricholathys relicta Status: Category II (VU B2ac(iii); C2b). A very rare, narrowly localized endemic species. It has significant scientific importance due to its unique morphological and distribution characteristics. The absence of a functional cribellum and calamistrum is unique within the subfamily Tricholathysinae [83]. In the Eastern Hemisphere, it is the only representative of the genus, while other species are found in the western regions of the USA [83].
html Turkestan Catfish Status: 2 [VU: E]. The only representative of the genus in Kyrgyzstan.
Issyk-Kul Scaleless Osman Status: 2 [CR: D]. Lake form, very rare, critically endangered. Endemic, has higher growth rates compared to other forms.
Issyk-Kul Marinka Status: 2 [EN: D]. A rare taxon inhabiting Lake Issyk-Kul. Its independent species status was established in 1953 [10]. An endemic species with declining numbers, it has commercial significance.
Turkestan Barbel Status: 2 [VU: D]. A subspecies that is endangered in Kyrgyzstan. One of the representatives of the genus Barbus in Kyrgyzstan.
Aral Barbel Status: 2 [CR: C]. Species extinct in Kyrgyzstan.
Chuy Ostroluchka Status: 2 [CR: C]. Possibly already extinct in Kyrgyzstan, an endemic subspecies [10].
Pike Asp Status: 2 [CR: A]. Listed in the Red Book of the Kyrgyz SSR in 1984. A rare species inhabiting the basins of the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers. In Kyrgyzstan, there have been no recorded catches in recent years. It may already be extinct. An endemic species of Central Asia with commercial significance.
Iridodictyum Kolpakovski Status: VU. A species with a reducing range and population. It deserves attention as an early-flowering plant for squares and parks that does not require watering.
Orchid-like Juno Status: VU. Endemic to the Western and Northern Tien Shan.
Zenaida’s Tulip Status: VU. A narrowly endemic species of the Kyrgyz Ridge, at risk of rapidly disappearing due to limited habitat area.
Quadrifolious Tulip Status: VU. Endemic to the Inner Tien Shan.
Pink Tulip Status: EN. A narrowly endemic species of the foothills of the Turkestan Range, sharply declining in numbers. The species is on the brink of extinction; its further existence is impossible without urgent conservation measures.
Broad-stamened Tulip Status: VU. A narrow endemic of the Alai Ridge.
Ostrovski’s Tulip Status: VU. A narrowly endemic species of the Kyrgyz and Zailiysky ranges. It deserves attention as a highly decorative plant and as a material for breeding.
Korolkov’s Tulip, shiny Status: VU. Endemic to Central Asia, primarily found in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (Western Tien Shan, Pamir-Alai). A rare, highly decorative plant.
Kolpakovski’s Tulip Status: VU. An endemic of the Northern Tien Shan with a decreasing population. An early-flowering tulip, distinguished by the beauty of its flower.
Kaufmann’s Tulip Status: VU. An endemic species of the Western Tien Shan. Highly decorative: the most beautiful, early-flowering tulip of Kyrgyzstan. Characterized by high intraspecific variability. Widely used in breeding.
Greig’s Tulip / Тюльпан Греига, тюльпан пестролистный Status: EN. A species with declining numbers and shrinking range. Central Asian endemic. A plant of high ornamental value, it is of exceptional importance for green construction, floriculture, and the breeding of new varieties of cultivated tulips.
Chatkal Yellow Tulip Status: VU. An endemic species of the Chatkal Ridge with a decreasing population. The most beautiful of the yellow-flowered tulips in Kyrgyzstan. Promising for cultivation.
Related Tulip Status: VU. Endemic species of the northern Pamir-Alai. The species is at risk of complete extinction.
Eduard’s Imperial Crown Status: EN B1ab(i,ii,iv,v). In Kyrgyzstan - the only one of three very locally distributed species of the genus, at the northern limit of distribution, detached from the main range. As a highly decorative species with a decreasing range and population due to anthropogenic factors, it is included in several regional red books.
Semenov’s Onion Status: VU. Endemic to the Inner Tien Shan.
Pskem Onion Status: EN. A very rare species with a shrinking range in the Western Tien Shan. Description. A perennial plant reaching 40 - 80 cm in height. Bulbs are found in groups on a short rhizome, 4 - 5 cm thick, covered externally with black-brown and internally with red-brown tunics. The stem is swollen. Leaves are tubular, cylindrical, in number 3, shorter than the stem. The umbel is spherical, with the spathe nearly equal to the umbel. Flowers are white, about 6 mm long. It differs
Twelve-dentate Onion Status: VU. A narrowly endemic species of the Chatkal Ridge. Description. A perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, geophyte, xeromesophyte. Bulbs are solitary, round, 8-10 (12) mm in diameter, with gray paper-like tunics. Bulbils are solitary, smooth. Stems are 60 - 80 cm tall, 1.5 - 5 mm in diameter, ribbed, covered at the base with leaf sheaths. There are 2 leaves, flat, 2.5 - 6 mm wide, rough-edged. The inflorescence is hemispherical or nearly round, dense, multi-flowered.
Eremurus Zenaidae Status: VU. Endemic to the lower and middle belts of the Fergana and Alai mountain ranges.
Eremurus zoae Status: VU. A narrowly endemic species of the Kyrgyz Range.
Regel’s Eminium Status: VU. A rare endemic species of the Western Tien Shan.
Semenov’s Fir-tree Status: VU. A relic endemic of the Western Tien Shan. Ornamental.
Tien Shan Scutiger Scutiger tianschanicus A. Bond. Status: CR. Very rare, almost endemic species.
Dog Stinkhorn Mutinus caninus (Huds. ex Pers.) Fr. Status: EN. A decorative species, used in folk medicine.
Doubled Netted Stinkhorn Dictyophora duplicata (Bosc.) E. Fisch Status: EN. Rare species. The only representative of the genus Dictyophora in the CIS territory. Used in traditional medicine.
Ancient People — Kyrgyz The Kyrgyz, whose roots go deep into antiquity, lost in the darkness of millennia, hold many secrets and mysteries. The end of the 3rd century BC is only the first mention of the Kyrgyz, which by no means indicates that they originated at that time. Who knows what path of historical development the ancient Kyrgyz went through before their first appearance in written sources. Neither the time nor the place of their origin is known, and who they were at all?
“The Kyrgyz Tribe Named Itself Oghuz-Khan” The clan-tribal structure of the Kyrgyz of the right and left wings reveals many similarities with a similar division among the Oghuz. Rashid ad-Din provides the military division of all Oghuz into a right and left wing (which were also called Buzuk and Uchuk), with 12 tribes in each. Researchers evidently interpret the name — Uchuk, as deriving from the Turkic — uch — three, and — ok (uk) — arrow (another meaning — generation, subdivision, kin,
Mogol-Khan and His Children In general, medieval authors were often inclined to creatively process materials they knew from earlier sources, mixing them with various other reports and expressing their interpretations. For instance, Gardizi (11th century), based on information from an unknown work by Ibn Muqaffa (8th century) about the 'Eastern' Kyrgyz and data about the origin of the Kyrgyz from the Oghuz, provides his own interpretation, composing a legend about the origin of the
Ibrahim ibn Ahmed. This may refer to events related to the struggle of the great khan Ahmed, the head of the Eastern Karakhanids, against the Karakhanids in the first half of the 12th century, the creation of the Kyrgyz unions of the right — Ong and left — Sol wings, the defeat of the Karakhanids who invaded the territories of the Eastern Karakhanids, and his death. The great khan Ahmed defeated the Karakhanids in 1128. In 1127, according to the "Majmu' al-Tawarikh," he created
Writings of "Shajarat al-Atrak" In the anonymous work "Shajarat al-Atrak," which represents a reworking of the lost manuscript "Tarikh-i Arba-i Ulas," "usually attributed to Ulugh Beg," the following legend is recounted. "A thousand years after the death of Oghuz Khan, during the reign of Ilkhan ibn Tengiz Khan, Shah Afridun-Tur ibn Faridun, with numerous armies, set out for Maverranahr and Turkestan. At that time, Suyunch Khan, who was the eighth