"Semetey" in prose

Semetey. The Childhood Years of Semetey. Part - 3

The Childhood Years of Semetey. Part - 3 The news that Semetey had returned in anger and was lying at the gates quickly reached the ears of Temir-khan and Ismail. Hearing this news, Temir-khan hurriedly ran to the place in fear. After slaughtering a calf, he began to persuade Semetey. But Semetey did not open his closed eyes and continued to lie still. Then Temir-khan and Ismail invited the mullahs, and they began to recite prayers for him, but Semetey still lay with his eyes closed.

15.02.2022, 21:27

Shabdan Baatyr

Report to the Governor of the Semirechye Region on the Extraordinary Congresses of Susamyr and Sonkul

REPORT OF THE SENIOR OFFICIAL FOR SPECIAL ASSIGNMENTS OF ARTILLERY CAPTAIN REINTAL TO THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHYE REGION ON THE EXTRAORDINARY CONGRESSES OF SUSAMYR AND SON-KUL March 7, 1870 The deviation from the rules outlined in the project (Regulations on Extraordinary Congresses) at the Susamyr and Son-Kul congresses lies in the fact that the most significant decisions were made not by the bies, but by influential individuals with the worst intentions and selfish motives. The

14.02.2022, 21:02

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of the Clever Old Man

THE WISE OLD MAN In ancient times, there lived a young khan. He observed his subjects and saw that everything was done by the young, while the old only ate what was prepared. And then the khan ordered: — Behead those who are over forty years old, and soon there was not a single person—man or woman—who was over forty. Only one young man, feeling sorry for his father, hid him in a chest. After the khan's order was carried out, he commanded to find and bring him black worms. Until his order

14.02.2022, 20:47

Kurmanjan Datka

Kyrgyz Waqf of the 19th Century

Kyrgyz Vakf The so-called Kyrgyz vakf of the 19th century is not an exceptional phenomenon, although it is quite rare and has barely taken shape. Several types of such vakf are known. All of them are not characteristic of nomadic pastoralism, as they are exclusively related to agriculture. Having acquired such an uncharacteristic form of property for nomads, Alymbek and his heirs did not limit themselves to registering just one land parcel as a vakf. The Fergana regional administration

13.02.2022, 19:34

Salads and appetizers

Shakarap Salad

Achik-Chuchuk (Shakarap) A delicious, simple salad made from tomatoes in Uzbek cuisine, served alongside the national Eastern dish — plov. It is prepared extremely simply and quickly, yet turns out amazing, harmoniously adding a sour-spicy taste to the fluffy rice of the plov. Variations of the Achik-Chuchuk tomato salad are widely spread in Central Asia. Kyrgyz cuisine has named it Shakarap. Ingredients:

13.02.2022, 19:24

Ethnography

Stove-Fireplace in Kyrgyz Houses

Stove-fireplace The stove-fireplace with a wide chimney that narrows towards the top has become widely used in Southern Kyrgyzstan. Therefore, the Kyrgyz call this stove moru (chimney). It is never closed. Its mass appearance, evidently, dates back to the late 19th century, as many houses of that time still used a home hearth and made smoke holes in the roofs. This is mentioned in some literary sources, and the same is recounted by the elders. The main purpose of the stove is the same as that

11.02.2022, 15:50

"Semetey" - poetic story

Semetey. The Childhood of Semetey. Part - 2

Childhood of Semetey. Part - 2 Semetey enjoyed the khan's power Not knowing that his father was Manas He considered himself the son of Ismail Not knowing his mother and homeland – Talas! At that time, Chiyyrdy turned ninety-five She became a weak, hunched old woman But she heard that Semetey was the khan of Bukhara!

11.02.2022, 15:23

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

Eternalizing the Memory of the Commander M. V. Frunze.

Renaming of the city of Pishpek by the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on May 25, 1926, to the city of Frunze The renaming of Bishkek was of significant importance in its history, prompted by the sudden death on October 31, 1925, of the Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze — a native of the city of Pishpek. A compatriot of the Kyrgyz people, M. V. Frunze was one of the outstanding figures of the state, a talented and

09.02.2022, 18:47

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Abdykerim Sydykov and His Ancestors

“Fathers and Sons” Remembering what has been said, let us try to determine the scale of the personality of the famous Kyrgyz politician of the 1920s and 1930s, Abdykerim Sydykov, and his associates, as their fates and the life of society are interconnected far from formally. The forty-nine years of Abdykerim Sydykov's life, whose personal contribution to the history of the Kyrgyz people was distorted and silenced by the Soviet system and its ideologized history for many decades, were

09.02.2022, 14:46

Kara-Balta - Black Ax

The Second Birth of the City of Kara-Balta

Status of the City In 1972, a powerful grain processing plant with a storage capacity of 56 thousand tons of grain was built on the basis of the former "Zagotzerno," now known as GP "BuuDay - Kara-Balta." It is equipped with machinery for separating various impurities from grain, a high-performance grain dryer, a high-grade milling machine, equipment for producing cereals and various products up to 30 types, as well as a feed mill, auxiliary workshops, a large subsidiary

08.02.2022, 08:15

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Reconstruction of Industry and Transport in Kyrgyzstan for Military Purposes

Everything for the Defeat of Fascist Aggressors From the very first days of the war, the efforts of the party and the people, local councils, trade unions, the Komsomol, and other public organizations were focused on the main task and primary goal — the armed defense of the socialist homeland and the defeat of fascist aggressors. They persistently and purposefully implemented the transition of all sectors of the socialist economy of the republic to a military footing, mobilizing material,

08.02.2022, 07:59

Ethnography

The Power System of All Groups of Kyrgyz in the Late 18th - First Half of the 19th Century.

Tribal Institutions of Power The power system among all groups of Kyrgyz was similar and did not imply centralized governance. It was limited to the tribal level, led by the clan nobility, and governance was primarily based on unwritten adat rules. The relationships of dominance and subordination were built on traditional institutions. In the late 18th - first half of the 19th century, with the inclusion of the peripheral, Pamir-Alai, and Talas Kyrgyz into the orbit of the state policies of

07.02.2022, 19:00

Insects of Kyrgyzstan

Spanish fly - Kadimki alaguluk

Spanish fly - Lytta vesicatoria L. A metallic green beetle measuring 12–20 mm in length, with two orange longitudinal stripes. The body is covered in short, sparse hairs. The antennae are long and thread-like. The mouthparts of the Spanish fly, like those of all other representatives of beetles, are typically chewing. It develops in one generation and exhibits hypermetamorphosis. Beetles appear in the second half of May and can be found in June and July. The flight and feeding period lasts

07.02.2022, 18:16

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Agriculture in Eastern Turkestan

The Role of Melon and Fruit Cultivation in Eastern Turkestan. Agriculture in Eastern Turkestan was in a different state. Overall, it played a leading role, while livestock farming was in second place. In the oases of Chalysh, Turfan, Keriya, Yarkand, Aksu, Kuqa, Hotan, and Kashgar, wheat, barley, rice, and corn were cultivated. In the economic life of the region's population, melon and fruit cultivation played a significant role. Mahmud ibn Wali wrote: "In the vicinity of that city

06.02.2022, 12:15

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Construction of Sewage and Water Supply in Frunze. Document No. 186 (November 1950)

RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE KYRGYZ SSR "ON APPROVAL OF THE GENERAL ESTIMATES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWAGE AND WATER SUPPLY IN THE CITY OF FRUNZE" Frunze November 10, 1950 The Council of Ministers of the Kyrgyz SSR resolves: To approve the general estimates submitted by the Ministry of Communal Services of the Kyrgyz SSR at prices introduced from July 1, 1950, for the construction in the city of Frunze: sewage (start-up period and second phase) in the amount of

06.02.2022, 12:04

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

The Heterogeneous Social Composition of the Performance of the Peoples of Central Asia in May 1898.

The Heterogeneous Social Composition of the Uprising of the Peoples of Central Asia in May 1898 In summarizing works such as "Essays on the History of the Communist Party of Turkestan," "History of the Kirghiz SSR," "History of the Tajik SSR," and "History of the Uzbek SSR," the uprising of the peoples of Central Asia in May 1898 is characterized as a national liberation uprising. The overwhelming majority of historians consider this uprising to be a

05.02.2022, 13:55

Women of Kyrgyzstan

Honored Artist of the Kyrgyz Republic Ainagul Sadykova

Ainagul Sadykova Ainagul Sadykova belongs to a generation of talented artists from the 1970s. Among the artists and creative intelligentsia of that time, she was already a recognized master. Ainagul Sadykova is the first Kyrgyz woman artist and painter. She graduated from VGIK in 1970. She has participated in exhibitions since 1968. She is a member of the Union of Artists of the USSR.

05.02.2022, 11:50

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

The Beginning of a Wide Campaign to Identify the "Enemies" of the Party and the People

Organized Repressions in the Country One should not fall into extremes when addressing history and evaluating its figures. Both the ostracism of Bukharin, Rykov, Tomsky, Kamenev, and Zinoviev in previous years, and their excessive idealization in recent times distort historical truth. They sought their position along a different path of the country's development and fell victim to repressive policies, and they have been justifiably fully rehabilitated. Organized repressions in the country

03.02.2022, 18:18

"Semetey" in prose

Semetey. The Childhood Years of Semetey. Part - 2

Childhood Years of Semetey. Part - 2 Semetey did not know that his father was Manas, his mother was Kanykey, and his homeland was Talas. Considering himself the son of Ismail, he enjoyed the khan's power and amusements. At this time, Chiyyrdy had reached the age of ninety-five. From old age, she had become weak, powerless, and a hunched old woman. She had never seen Semetey. From Kanykey, she had heard that he had become the khan of the city of Bukhara.

03.02.2022, 17:56

Shabdan Baatyr

Report on the Behavior of Shabdan Djantaev During the Unrest

REPORT OF THE TOKMAK DISTRICT CHIEF TO THE ACTING MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE REGION ON THE RIOTS COMMITTED BY THE KIRGIZS OF THE VERNE DISTRICT ON THE LANDS OF THE KIRGIZS OF THE TOKMAK DISTRICT, AND ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SHABDAN JANTAEV DURING THESE RIOTS Tokmak, June 7, 1869 Last year, the Kirgizs of the Verne district continuously crossed over to the summer pastures of the Tokmak Kirgizs and caused many disturbances. I communicated about this with the Verne District Chief, but could not achieve

18.01.2022, 03:30

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of the Old Man "What a Pity..."

“HOW SAD...” Once upon a time, there was an old man. Every new day, he greeted with the same words: “How sad...” One day, a passing traveler asked him: — Why do you say these words every morning: “How sad...”?

17.01.2022, 10:33

Kurmanjan Datka

Madrasah "Alymbek-chek" in the city of Osh, Fergana Region

Waqf Rights of the Madrasah "Alymbek-chek" According to archival documents, the madrasah was built from fired bricks and was distinguished by remarkable durability. It consisted of the following elements typical of similar architectural structures - a darshana, khanaka, 28 cells where three mudarris and from 80 to 100 student mullahs lived.

17.01.2022, 10:19

Salads and appetizers

Salad "Zhai"

SALAD "ZHAI" Salads have become an integral part of modern meals. They are always tasty, diverse, and can be prepared for any occasion. Salads can adorn a festive table or be an essential part of everyday menus. Their amazing property is that extraordinarily delicious salads can be made from the most ordinary ingredients. There are many salad recipes — from simple to quite complex. We offer you one of such salads.

16.01.2022, 15:13

Ethnography

Southern Kyrgyz Houses at the End of the 19th - Beginning of the 20th Century

Southern Kyrgyz Houses For a family consisting of several married couples, a different house plan is typical, taking the form of an elongated rectangle divided into separate living cells. Each living cell is a one-room (or two-room) space with a separate entrance. The number of such living spaces, arranged in a row, depends on the number of married sons or brothers of the head of the family. Such structures are widespread throughout the region. They are characterized by flat roofs. In houses

16.01.2022, 14:24

"Semetey" - poetic story

Semetey. The Childhood of Semetey. Part - 1

Childhood Years of Semetey. Part - 1 Growing up, Semetey did not yet know That his father was the hero Manas That his mother was Kanykey And that his homeland was Talas At twelve, he became unruly Once he beat, to bloody wounds Eighty khojas and a hundred priests They hastened to complain to Temirkhan

14.01.2022, 21:15

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

The Beginning of the Improvement of Pishpek

City Improvement From March 27 to 30, 1925, the founding congress of the Councils took place in Pishpek. It was attended by 135 delegates with decisive votes and 29 delegates with advisory votes, representing almost all nationalities inhabiting Kyrgyzstan: 81 Kyrgyz, 29 Russians, 8 Uzbeks, 3 Ukrainians, and 14 others. The congress received congratulatory telegrams from the government of the RSFSR and fraternal republics. Local Soviet, party, and public organizations of Bishkek welcomed the

14.01.2022, 20:52

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

The Role of the Individual in History

"When creative people cease to appear, revolution is inevitable." The concept of A. Camus is interesting, in which the individual occupies an important place. It goes beyond the traditional interpretation of the clash of "antagonistic contradictions." In his opinion, society constantly lives in a state of reaction, and therefore is regularly threatened by revolutions. Revolutions are halted by creative individuals who triumph over the spirit of reaction. Consequently,

13.01.2022, 14:38

Kara-Balta - Black Ax

Refining and Gold Mining Industries in Kara-Balta

Mining and Processing Plant In 1955, a mining and processing plant specializing in the processing of uranium-containing ores was built in a short time on the southern outskirts of the settlement. It was a powerful closed-type enterprise that invited specialists from all over the Union, selecting the best personnel on site. The plant processed six uranium deposits, creating residential settlements for workers, but the main contingent was based here, and soon a beautiful settlement,

13.01.2022, 14:18

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Professional Unions and the Leninist Komsomol of Kyrgyzstan during the Years of World War II

Participant of the Great Patriotic War A. Barditsky shares combat experience with Komsomol members of the "Khun-Chi" collective farm in the Frunze region. Trade Unions and Komsomol during the War Years The most numerous organizations uniting the overwhelming majority of the working class and employees of Kyrgyzstan during the war years were trade unions. According to incomplete data, in 1943, the number of their members reached 72,694, united in 24 sectoral unions. They covered 2,409

12.01.2022, 14:21

Ethnography

The Division of Kyrgyz into Tribes and Clans

Kyrgyz Division into Tribes and Clans Despite the absence of a centralized state, the Kyrgyz had their own territory, an ethnic identity, and a cultural community. In the 18th to the first half of the 19th century, the system of power and governance institutions were based on tribal organization and patriarchal relations. The Kyrgyz were divided into tribes (uru) and clans (uruk), which clearly identified themselves with the common ethnonym "Kyrgyz." There is reliable historical

12.01.2022, 13:54

Insects of Kyrgyzstan

Shrenk's Borer - Shrenktin Beetle

Schrenk's Blister Beetle - Mylabris schrenki Gebl. They are easily recognized by their characteristic and bright appearance. The beetles are of medium to large size, usually brightly colored, with a head that is lowered and narrowed towards the back, with 11-segmented, less often 8-10 segmented antennae, a narrowed first segment of the thorax, flexible elytra that are wider than the first segment of the thorax and often do not cover the entire abdomen, split bones, and large touching

10.01.2022, 20:00

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Social and Economic Development of Mogulistan

Social and Economic Development of Mogulistan There is very little information in written sources about the social and economic development of Mogulistan. Nevertheless, some scattered data from Eastern authors on this issue raises a certain interest. The invasion of Genghis Khan into Central Asia brought great destruction and led to the decline of urban life and settled agricultural culture. However, it is not entirely correct to equate the consequences of the Mongol invasion for this region

09.01.2022, 13:02

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Organization of Higher Educational Institutions in Frunze, Osh, Naryn. Document No. 185 (May 1951)

FROM THE DECREE OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE USSR "ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE KYRGYZ STATE UNIVERSITY, OSH PEDAGOGICAL AND NARYN TEACHERS' INSTITUTES" Frunze, May 24, 1951 The Council of Ministers of the Kyrgyz SSR decrees:

09.01.2022, 12:25

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

"The Andijan Uprising" - one of the complex events in the history of the peoples of Central Asia

Repression of the "Disobedient" Repressive measures related to the suppression of the uprising in question continued. Local feudal nobility, including the manaps who held the positions of volost administrators, took advantage of this situation. They extorted money, livestock, and valuables from the working people under the threat of arrest for allegedly participating in the "Andijan Uprising," and ruthlessly dealt with those representatives of the working class who showed

08.01.2022, 13:24

Women of Kyrgyzstan / Actors of Kyrgyzstan

People's Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR Anvar Kuttubaeva. Part - 2

Anvar Kuttubaeva. Part - 2 The theater gradually expanded, its ensemble was replenished with talented artists with good voices. Russian composers V. Vlasov, V. Fere, and experienced artistic director, conductor V. Tselikovsky, along with our composer-melodist Abdylaas Maldybaev, and librettists D. Bokonbaev, J. Turusbekov, and K. Malikov began working on the creation of the first Kyrgyz opera "Aichurek," based on one of the episodes of the epic "Manas." This period in the

08.01.2022, 12:49

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Red Terror Declared in Response to White Terrorism

SPINNING THE FLYWHEEL At the February-March Plenary of the Central Committee of the VKP(b) in 1937, in the report "On the Deficiencies of Party Work and Measures for the Liquidation of Trotskyist and Other Double Dealers," Stalin formulated three conclusions: "First, the sabotage and diversionary espionage work of agents of foreign states, among whom Trotskyists played a rather active role, affected to some extent all or almost all our organizations, both economic and

06.01.2022, 12:18

"Semetey" in prose

Semetey. The Childhood Years of Semetey. Part - 1

Childhood years of Semetey. When Semetey grew up, he was completely unaware that Manas was his father, Kanikei was his mother, and Talas was his homeland. At the age of twelve, he was a wild and audacious boy. One day he beat up eighty hodjas and a hundred priests until they bled. The hodjas and priests he had beaten gathered and went to complain to Temir Khan, trying to slander Semetey before him, but Temir Khan did not listen to their complaints, executed many of them, and imprisoned the

05.01.2022, 22:40

Shabdan Baatyr

Letter from Moldo Alymkul to D. Karabekov about the intention to stand against the Russians

LETTER FROM MOLDО ALYMKUL TO AMER UL AMIR, SON OF ASAN BIYA, AND PARVANACHI MINBAY, SON OF ASRAR ALI DZHANTAY TO KARABEKOV REGARDING THEIR INTENTION TO ACT AGAINST THE RUSSIANS. 1863 Esteemed Datkha Dzhantay-batyr! I testify to you many bows and the following speech: Praise be to Allah, the shameful deeds that were according to the will of the Almighty God have ceased, and all the nomadic peoples have unanimously submitted to the Kokand Government, united by ties of kinship, and there is not a

04.01.2022, 13:33

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of Joomart and Adile

JOOMBART AND ADIL In ancient times, there were khans among neighboring peoples—Joombart-khan and Adil-khan. Joombart-khan was just and sought for all people to live equally well. He worked until noon, and in the second half of the day, he walked among the people, noticing if there were any hungry or poorly dressed. Adil-khan was quite different. People said of him that he was a man who played on dark strings. When he needed to learn something, he would summon someone for interrogation and

04.01.2022, 13:17

Kurmanjan Datka

Alimbek Datka and His Madrasah

Alymbek's Madrasah The city of Osh in the 19th century, which we detailed in the previous chapter, has a direct connection to the story of the main heroine of our book, Kurmandzhan, for a very simple reason. This ancient city was viewed by the Alay tribal leaders as their stronghold in the Fergana Valley. Many of them owned lands, houses, and trading shops here. They built mosques and madrasahs. Such landowners were often granted a special form of property by the rulers - waqf. This

03.01.2022, 18:11

Meat and offal dishes

Kuyruk Boor - a popular snack in Kyrgyzstan

Kuyruk Boor Kuyruk Boor or Kuyryk Bauyr is a popular snack prepared in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. There is a similar dish in Uzbekistan called Dumba Jigar, but it is served very rarely, as people prefer to make delicious shashlik from these ingredients. Traditionally, before serving the main dish - Beshbarmak / Et asu, a series of snacks are offered to guests to stimulate their appetite, among which is Kuyruk Boor. The name of the dish comes from two words - Kuyruk (Kuyryk) meaning lamb tail

03.01.2022, 17:39

Kara-Balta - Black Ax

The title translates to "The Village of Kara-Balta."

The Formation of the Settlement as a Future City The Kokand fortresses were built throughout the Chui Valley. Shish-Debe controlled its entire western part, while Pishpek controlled the eastern part. The burden of supplying military garrisons with food and clothing fell heavily on the Kyrgyz population. Among the Kyrgyz clans, Solto and Bughu, descendants of Jaiyl-Baatyr, who called this land "Jaiyl-Eli," the idea of seeking protection from a strong neighbor - Russia - was maturing.

02.01.2022, 12:33

Insects of Kyrgyzstan

The title translates to: "Flat Slug - Flat Black Beetle"

Blaps deplanata - Flat-headed beetle The body of this beetle is usually large, bare on top, with elytra featuring a long tail-like projection at the tip. The coloration of the beetles is mostly black. During the day, they hide in pits or burrows of rodents and are active at dusk.

02.01.2022, 10:02

Ethnography

Fergana and Mixed Type Houses in the South of Osh Region

House with a high gable roof. Aksy District. Fergana and Mixed Types of Houses. While the spread of the first type of dwelling (Pamir type), according to the data we have, was limited, the second type (Fergana type) has been widely constructed in both variations throughout the southern part of the Osh region for a long time and has the broadest distribution among all the types of houses we have noted. The third, mixed type, starting from the late 19th century and especially in the early 20th

31.12.2021, 11:52

"Semetey" - poetic story

Semetey. Childhood and Youth of Semetey. The Flight of Kanikey to Bukhara. Part - 3

The Escape of Kanykey to Bukhara. Part - 3 Kanykey jumped up, performed ablution Stuck the spear into the ground and in hope A miracle happened, the lake filled up The trees turned green again, just like before! Out of happiness that a miracle occurred The fugitives believed in the joyful hour: - Semetey will grow up safely And will be braver than his father – Manas!

31.12.2021, 11:40

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

January 16, 1925 — the day of the publication of the declaration on the formation of the national statehood of the Kyrgyz people

Official Proclamation of the Formation of National Statehood of the Kyrgyz People When forming the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region, the principles of territorial integrity and economic ties between the peoples of the newly formed autonomy were taken into account. Specifically, the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region included the Karakol, Naryn, and almost the entire Pishpek districts, the Jety-Su region, the Osh district, 10 volosts from the Andijan region, 10 volosts from the Namangan region, 2 volosts from

29.12.2021, 19:33

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

The Significance of Individuality for the History of Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Personality and History Soviet scientific literature has always shown interest in the problem of the individual; however, it has not examined it thoroughly and deeply enough. The analysis of several of its aspects has been under an unspoken taboo. For example, issues of cannibalism, sexual attraction, or the significance of sexual selection in human origins, among others. Undoubtedly, other interests play a leading role in the spiritual life of a person, but this does not mean that the true

29.12.2021, 18:41

Kara-Balta - Black Ax

Nuzket - The Center of Culture on the Great Silk Road in the 6th-7th Centuries

Nuzket (Kara-Balta) Various surviving Arab and Chinese sources indicate that along the Great Silk Road in the VI-VII centuries AD, trade and craft settlements began to emerge in the Chui Valley due to favorable circumstances, which grew in significance into major trade centers and cities. The names of these settlements have been preserved in Arab sources: Taraz (Jambyl), Kulan (Merke), Nuzket (Kara-Balta), Kharon (Belovodskoye), Jul (Sokuluk), Saryg, Suayab, Navkat... Due to its location,

27.12.2021, 14:41