Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

Provision of Economic Assistance to Kyrgyz and Russian Poverty

Decree "on the implementation of land and water reform" V. I. Lenin paid great attention to the letter from the Kyrgyz, and when preparing the draft resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) on Turkestan on June 13, 1920, there is a note from V. I. Lenin: "And what about the settlers, the kulaks? Robbery? And to equalize their lands? Where it speaks of the eviction of hostile elements to Soviet power, V. I. Lenin raised the question: "And the

26.11.2021, 13:49

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Reformism in Kyrgyz Tribal Society

Reformers from the Elite Layers of Society Many Kyrgyz Soviet-party leaders were pursued by the Soviet authorities for their so-called connections with the wealthy and the clan leaders, and some were even convicted, such as the second secretary of the Kirghiz Regional Committee of the Party D. Babakhanov and the chairman of the regional union "Koshchi" R. Khudaikulov. Their "connections" with the so-called "exploiters" had nothing criminal, illegal, or political

25.11.2021, 16:03

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Creation of the Anti-Hitler Coalition of Three Powers

The Coalition of Three Powers Against Hitler As a result of the active resistance of the Soviet Armed Forces, the enemy suffered significant losses in the first battles. By mid-July, the German army had lost nearly 100,000 soldiers and officers and about half of the tanks operating on the Soviet-German front. From June 22 to July 19, 1941, the German Air Force lost 1,284 aircraft. The total losses of the enemy's ground forces by the end of June exceeded 213,000 personnel. The calculations

25.11.2021, 15:07

Ethnography

The Poor Kyrgyz in the Second Half of the 19th Century

Poor Kyrgyz in the Second Half of the 19th Century A numerous social category consisted of the poor - kedeiler - ordinary nomads and farmers. During military actions, they formed the backbone of the khan's armies, while in peacetime, kedeiler were the support of the tribal elite. In the 18th and the first half of the 19th century, the poor were generally economically viable, providing for themselves all that was necessary. In case of war, they had at least two battle horses and armor at

23.11.2021, 20:01

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

The Influence of Islam on the Kyrgyz People

The Influence of Islam on Kyrgyz Rituals On the map of the Liao era (916—1125) and Northern Song (960—1279), the Kyrgyz are shown west of Ushi and Aksu, south of the Tashagan River (a tributary of the Tarim River), the Kashgar River, and the settlements of Barchuk, north of Upper Atush (Artudzh) and Lower Atush. In general, the nomadic territories of the Kyrgyz are located east of the Karakhanids and west of the Uyghurs, i.e., on the border between the Karakhanids and Uyghurs. According to

23.11.2021, 19:38

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Improvement of Karagacheva Grove. Document No. 181 (March 1949)

This unusual fountain with an elegant figure of a stork on a stone hill and images of boys was located in the Karagach Grove. RESOLUTION OF THE BUREAU OF THE FRUNZE CITY COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY (B) OF KYRGYZSTAN "ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE KARAGACH GROVE" Frunze, March 29, 1949. In order to further improve the Karagach Grove, the Executive Committee of the Frunze City Council of Workers' Deputies and the Bureau of the Frunze City Committee of the Communist Party (B) of

22.11.2021, 12:35

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

The Assistance of Batyr Shabdan to the Royal Military Detachment

Suppression of the Uprising of the Nomads of Alai and Gulchi In mid-1876, Shabdan, along with his 25 horsemen, actively participated in suppressing the uprising of the nomads of Alai and Gulchi. In July of the same year, the residents of these areas, numbering 2,000 people, refused to accept Russian citizenship and resisted the imperial punitive detachment led by Captain Kuropatkin, who was seriously wounded during the clash. The leaders of the rebels were Abdullabek, Omorbek, Sulayman

22.11.2021, 12:22

Women of Kyrgyzstan

Kurmanjan Datka - Queen of Alai. Part 2

Kurmanjan Datka. Part - 2 After marrying Alymbek Datka, she did not become pregnant for seven years. One night in the yurt of a fellow tribesman, she saw a strange light. Approaching the yurt, she saw a baby in a cradle, who was somehow drawing her to him with an unknown force. She begged the child's parents to let her raise him and become his mother, but no one was to know about it. The child was named Karabek. All relatives were strictly warned not to disclose the secret. According to

21.11.2021, 20:26

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Unanswered Letters of Yu. Abdrakhmanov to Stalin

On the Distortion of the National Policy of the Party in Practical Work The ineffectiveness of the triple planning system, amid the gradual weakening and reduction of the role of the all-federal national governing body, was evident. All three planning and regulatory bodies (the USSR, the RSFSR, and the Central Asian) believed that the implementation of the planned activities in the republic should proceed along a different subordination line, "nodding to each other." The ECOCO of

21.11.2021, 20:18

Poetic retelling of the epic "Manas"

The Epic "Manas". The Death of Manas

The Death of Manas At night, secretly Kanykey Gathered the loyal warriors, Far along the mountain paths She led them to the gorge in the morning. At the cliffs on the stone wall She made them break through a passage And there, for eternal rest, She built a grotto for Manas. When Kanykey returned: — Is everything ready? — asked Manas. — Now call my relatives here, My friends and warriors, I want to see them one last time… And people came from all sides To pay their last respects. When all the

19.11.2021, 22:08

Shabdan Baatyr

Letter from Manap Jantay Karabekov to Major General N. Vishnevsky

LETTER FROM THE CHIEF MANAP DJANTAY KARABEKOV TO THE BORDER COMMANDER OF THE SIBERIAN KYRGYZ (KAZAKHS) MAJOR GENERAL N. VISHNEVSKY October 3, 1847 From the Chief Manap Djantay Karabekov to His Excellency the Border Commander.

17.11.2021, 10:18

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of Khan Zhanibek

Khan Janibek Once, Khan Janibek summoned the leader of one of the ails, Sultanmamit Khan, and said to him angrily: — Your stallions attacked my mares, and they are about to give birth to foals. Pay me for this, or you will be in trouble! Saddened, Sultanmamit Khan returned to his ailing and began to collect tribute from the people. He noticed a beardless young man sitting on a horse, staring at what was happening. Sultanmamit Khan got angry and shouted at him: — It's people like you who

17.11.2021, 10:01

Kurmanjan Datka

Establishment of Military Administration in Fergana Region

Military-Police Administration As we can see, the ancient city at the beginning of Russian rule represented a Gordian knot of everyday and other problems. This, of course, highlighted the necessity for competent and effective governance. Let us take a closer look at its system. The Fergana Region, established on February 19, 1876, after the liquidation of the Kokand Khanate, was part of the Turkestan General Governorship and housed a dense network of military units within its territory. I

16.11.2021, 18:11

Sweet dishes of Kyrgyzstan

Shirin Alma – a dish from Kyrgyzstan

Shirin alma. In translation from Kyrgyz, it means – sweet apple. To prepare this dish, you do not need any exotic ingredients or special spices, which are usually abundant in Eastern cuisine recipes. Shirin alma can be very easily and quickly prepared at any moment in any kitchen, and anyone without culinary skills can do it.

16.11.2021, 17:50

Ethnography

Four Kyrgyz Types of Settlements

Kyrgyz Settlements The character of the settlement, as well as the dwellings themselves, shows great diversity in southern Kyrgyzstan, influenced by a number of historical, social, economic, and geographical factors. Kyrgyz villages in the 19th and early 20th centuries were sharply different from the Tajik and Uzbek villages bordering them. The latter were characterized by narrow (straight and winding) streets with high walls surrounding each homestead.

15.11.2021, 19:50

Poetic retelling of the epic "Manas"

The Epic "Manas". The Testament of Manas

Manas's Testament Embracing Kanike by the shoulders, He said to his beloved: — Be brave, my faithful, It seems my time has come. Take care of yourself for our son! When you bury me, Run to Bukhara, to your father — Let our Semetey grow there! Here, in his homeland, He will not see bright days. And the brothers Abike, Kobesh Will not let you live here, And if you resist, They will find a reason and kill. And they will turn our son Into a mankurta right away, Forcing him to herd cattle.

15.11.2021, 19:26

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

The Plight of the Kyrgyz in 1918. A Letter to V.I. Lenin

The Kyrgyz in 1918 The unification of the city council in Pishpek and in other cities of the country with the district executive committees was explained not only by the desire to eliminate parallelism in work or the wish to simplify the structure of power in the city, but also as a manifestation of a certain limitation of the independence of the city council. In most cases, city councils did not have their own budget and did not possess the necessary fullness of power. Meanwhile, under the

14.11.2021, 12:31

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Tribal Structure and Way of Life of the Kyrgyz During the Period of Bolshevization

The Kyrgyz During the Bolshevization Period One should not think that the collective responsibility and subordination to one's clan, the traditional customs and norms were perceived by the nomad as a violation of human rights or an affront to his individuality. The clan structure and lifestyle were perceived not abstractly, but concretely — as an obligation to perform certain tasks, to herd livestock, to participate in raids, to protect the clan, to serve guests, at celebrations,

14.11.2021, 12:07

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

The First Heroes: Kyrgyzstanis at the Beginning of World War II

The First Heroes from Kyrgyzstan In the very first days of the war, fierce and bloody battles broke out. Soviet soldiers of all nationalities, in an incredibly difficult and complex situation, stood shoulder to shoulder, persistently and selflessly repelling the fierce onslaught of the enemy, going on the counterattack, and more than once forcing him to flee. One of the most brilliant pages in the history of the Great Patriotic War was written by the defenders of the border Brest Fortress.

13.11.2021, 23:18

Ethnography

Kyrgyz Elite During the Domination of the Kokand Khanate

Kyrgyz Elite During the dominance of the Kokand Khanate, some changes occurred in the social hierarchy. Many southern Kyrgyz rulers of clans and tribes became part of the ruling elite of the khanate: Kubat bi, Akboto bi, Azhy-bek datka, Alimbek datka, Kurmandzhan datka, and others. Additionally, part of the khanate's cavalry consisted of Kyrgyz warriors, led by Kyrgyz military leaders. The khan conferred titles upon the leaders of Kyrgyz clans and tribes: datka, bek (head of a bekdom - a

13.11.2021, 22:22

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

The Infiltration of the Yenisei Kyrgyz into the Tian Shan

The Infiltration of Yenisei Kyrgyz into the Tian Shan Our task is to examine the issues regarding the movement of part of the Yenisei Kyrgyz to the southwest in the 9th century and their settlement in Semirechye and the Tian Shan. Written sources confirm the resettlement of a significant part of the Uyghurs led by Prince Pan-Tegin and the court minister to the western regions of Eastern Tian Shan.

11.11.2021, 19:36

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

City Planning Scheme of Frunze. Document No. 180 (March 1949).

RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE KYRGYZ SSR "ON THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS AND THE PLANNING SCHEME OF THE CITY OF FRUNZE" Frunze, March 28, 1949. The Council of Ministers of the Kyrgyz SSR resolves: I. To approve the technical and economic foundations, planning schemes, and schemes for water supply, sewage, communal and railway transport of the city of Frunze presented by the Architecture Department under the Council of Ministers of the Kyrgyz SSR in the

10.11.2021, 17:01

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Clashes of Rebels with Tsarist Punishers in the Summer of 1876

Uprisings of Indigenous People for Their Independence in the Summer of 1876 In the summer of 1876, several uprisings of indigenous people for their independence occurred in the same Alaï and in the area bordering Karategin. At the end of May and the beginning of June, herders migrating between Varukh and the Soq Gorge rose up. Their numbers reached up to 400 people. The uprising was led by Abdurakhman-mulla and Abdul-Karimbek, the nephew of Khudoyar-khan, who pursued their own selfish

10.11.2021, 16:41

Women of Kyrgyzstan

Kurmanjan Datka - Queen Alaya. Part 1

Kurmanjan Datka. Part 1 In the centuries-long history of the Kyrgyz people, the name of Kurmanjan Datka is inscribed in golden letters. For Central Asia, and indeed for the entire Islamic East, it was unprecedented for a Muslim woman to defy traditions and the will of her parents by leaving the husband chosen for her. Soon, she married Alymbek, the Datka of Alai, and after his death, she did not pass power to his brother or eldest son, but took it into her own hands.

08.11.2021, 09:39

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Triple "Citizenship" of the Kyrgyz Republic in the 1920s-1930s

Triple Subordination of the Kyrgyz ASSR Studying documents from the 1920s to the early 1930s, including those reflecting the activities of such a colorful figure as Yu. Abdrakhmanov, in his position as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Republic, one inevitably comes to the thought expressed by T. Yu. Krasovskaya in her publication "NEP and the Leadership of National Cultures Development." “Is it clear to us,” she writes, “to envision Stalin

08.11.2021, 08:59

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of the Fortune Teller

THE FORTUNE TELLER Once upon a time, there lived a poor man with a nagging wife. One day, his wife said to him: — Are you a man or not? How long will I have to walk around in tattered rags and only dream of being full someday? Go and bring me money for food and new clothes! — Who will give me money? — the husband was surprised,

07.11.2021, 08:47

Shabdan Baatyr

Treaty of Friendship between the Kyrgyz and Kazakhs in August 1847

TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN THE MANAPS AND BIYS OF THE KYRGYZ AND THE SULTANS AND BIYS OF THE ELDER AND MIDDLE JUZ OF THE KAZAKHS, AMONG THE SIGNATORIES OF WHICH WAS JANTAY ATEKIN (KARABEK UULU) Fortress Kopal August 22, 1847 a) "On the 22nd day of August 1847. We, the undersigned biys of the Kyrgyz people, sent by the trust of our people to the border chief of the Siberian Kyrgyz, Major General Vishnevsky, have made this agreement as follows:

07.11.2021, 08:20

Poetic retelling of the epic "Manas"

Epic "Manas". Return from the Great Campaign. Part - 2

Return from the Great Campaign. Part - 2 When they passed the Great Wall of China, They settled down for a rest, Suddenly someone in the distance saw, That behind them a horse was coming, The rider lay, embracing the horse, The helmet and armor shone in the sun — And everyone recognized: it was The horse of Almanbet — Sarala. — My Almanbet! You are alive, dear! Has God truly forgiven me, If you have returned alive? — Manas cried out with joy And, despite the wounds and pain, Ran to meet his

06.11.2021, 20:01

Kurmanjan Datka

Construction and Improvement of the "New" Osh

Construction of the "new" city The location for the construction of the "new" city, which occupied an area of 95 desyatins, was chosen by the imperial authorities a bit south of the "old" Osh, upstream along the Ak-Buura River. In its layout, the new city part, where the streets were laid out in a checkerboard pattern and intersected at right angles, favorably distinguished itself from "native" Osh and other ancient Central Asian cities and settlements

05.11.2021, 22:50

Soups of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz Shepherd's Soup

Shepherd's Soup If you want to experience the charm of the nomadic life of a Kyrgyz shepherd and feel like a free herder in the valleys of Kyrgyzstan, then you can simply prepare a real Kyrgyz shepherd's soup. The base of most soups is broths made from meat, poultry, game, and vegetables. In the menu, soup usually comes first or follows a cold appetizer. Prepare shepherd's soup according to our delicious and quick culinary recipe from the national Kyrgyz cuisine.

04.11.2021, 23:43

Osh - 3000

Kyrgyz of the Southern and Northern Regions in the Development of the City of Osh

A city of representatives of more than 80 nationalities During the years of Soviet power, as mentioned above, the Kyrgyz of the Fergana Valley, Osh, and Jalal-Abad regions achieved significant successes in the development of the economy and culture. This is largely due to all Kyrgyz people: from both the southern and northern regions. All of this was natural; however, some representatives of the intelligentsia began a discussion during this period regarding the relationship between northern

04.11.2021, 22:37

Ethnography

The Transition of the Kyrgyz to Sedentary Life

Sedentary Life among the Kyrgyz The transition to sedentary life, being an extremely complex process, involves "the replacement of one form of economic life — pastoral-nomadic, with another — agricultural-sedentary," which led to a significant disruption of long-standing traditions and primarily a change in the form of housing. Initially, the yurt retained its significance as the main dwelling. In winter, it was insulated. Later, the yurt became only a summer dwelling and was used

03.11.2021, 21:37

Insects of Kyrgyzstan

Striped Wax Moth - Targyl Momsyamal Beetle

Striped Wax Beetle - Trichius fasciatus L. The beetle is black, almost matte, covered in dense and long grayish-white or yellowish erect hairs. The body length is 10–13 mm. The female has typical chalky-white spots on the sides of the pronotum, while the male occasionally has a similar transverse double spot on the underside of the abdomen. The outer black spots and bands on the elytra may connect and merge, completely displacing the yellow color. Despite this variability in coloration, this

03.11.2021, 21:09

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

Suppression of the Rebellion in Pishpek

White Guard Armed Rebellion The strengthening of Soviet power deprived the bourgeoisie of any hope of regaining their former authority "peacefully," and they now attempted to seize power through political struggle, also betting on preparing rebellions and taking power by armed means. This characterizes the political situation in Pishpek and the region in 1918. There was a party of Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) with 200 members and a party of Social Democrats (Bolsheviks) with 1,000

01.11.2021, 10:21

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Traditional Consciousness of the Kyrgyz People

Moral and Ethical Norms of the Kyrgyz From the perspective of a modern person, it seems not difficult to imagine the social structure of Kyrgyzstan at the beginning of the 20th century, to distinguish between exploiters and the exploited, and to discover the close connection between the manaps and bai with tsarism, Russian landowners, and the bourgeoisie. We have been trained for too long and too persistently to think within the framework of class struggle that we have completely forgotten how

01.11.2021, 09:58

Poetic retelling of the epic "Manas"

Epic "Manas". Return from the Great Campaign. Part - 1

Return from the Great Campaign. Part - 1 On one of the gloomy nights Kanykey woke up in tears, Taking the infant in her arms from the swaddling, Sobbing, she gave him her breast. And, recalling the terrible dream, She could not hold back her tears. By the river, a little gray bull Suddenly began to bellow like a child — Almanbet has probably perished. And the white falcon in flight Broke its mighty wings — It seems Chubak has fallen into trouble! The chinar tree, standing tall, Suddenly fell

30.10.2021, 21:53

Ethnography

The Institute of Heroism

Hero. The Institute of Heroism evolved from a military-democratic structure. The main purpose of a hero (baatyr) is to ensure the safety of society. From ancient times until the early 20th century, the hero was a key figure in military operations, a commander over a group of fighters. Among the outstanding, fearless, and far-sighted heroes emerged the founders of nomadic khanates, states, and empires. In the history of the Kyrgyz people, there is a notable array of heroes who took the

30.10.2021, 21:27

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Kyrgyz

Kyrgyz K. A. Pishulina rightly points out that only those tribes and clans that participated in the political life of Moghulistan are mentioned in written sources. Among the tribes that remained outside the attention of contemporary historiographers are the Nayman, Jalair, and Kipchak. Undoubtedly, they were inhabitants of the state of Moghulistan. As is known, the Mongolian tribe Nayman appeared in Semirechye after their defeat by Genghis Khan in 1208 on the Irtysh River. It should be noted

28.10.2021, 11:01

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Construction of the Frunze Plant. Document No. 179 (September 1948)

FROM THE RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE KYRGYZ SSR "ON THE PROGRESS OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY PLANT NAMED AFTER FRUNZE" Frunze September 14, 1948 ... In order to ensure the implementation of the construction plan for the Frunze plant for 1948, the Council of Ministers of the Kyrgyz SSR resolves:

28.10.2021, 10:44

Women of Kyrgyzstan

Aychurek, the Wife of Semetey

Lunar-Faced Aichurek In the epic "Manas," Aichurek is the bride and then wife of the hero Semetey, and the mother of Seytek. Shortly before his death, Manas betrothed Aichurek to his underage son Semetey. Aichurek is the daughter of the Afghan khan Akunkhan, the ruler of Urgench. The storyteller S. Karalaev emphasizes that Aichurek was not born of a human but was found by Akunkhan in a field as an infant:

27.10.2021, 22:35

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Decision of the Central Committee of the VKP(b) on the Removal of Yu. Abdrakhmanov from the Position of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kirghiz ASSR

Removal of Yu. Abdrakhmanov from the post of Chairman of the SNK of the Kirghiz ASSR The errors exposed and condemned at the June plenum of the regional committee characterize the presence of an unacceptable anti-state tendency within the bureau of the regional committee, opposing local interests to state interests, essentially reflecting the kulak-bai resistance to the tasks of the proletarian state and representing a rightward deviation from the general Bolshevik line... The bureau of the

27.10.2021, 21:58

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of Karach the Hero

KARACH THE HERO In ancient times, there lived an old man and an old woman, and they had two sons — Egizbek and Segizbek. They lived in prosperity, confident in their future. When the children grew up, their father sent them to graze cattle in the most remote pasture, visiting them only once a year. On one of those visits, the father saw that the yurt where his sons lived was destroyed, the cattle had been stolen, and the children had disappeared. In despair, the father wept and returned home,

26.10.2021, 19:18

Shabdan Baatyr

Letter from the Commander of the Siberian Corps N.G. Ogarev to the Hero Batyr Tynaybiyev

LETTER FROM THE COMMANDER OF THE SIBERIAN CORPS N. G. OGAREV TO THE HERO ATAKE-BATYR TYNAYBIEV ON HIS AWARD OF 800 RUBLES BY EMPRESS CATHERINE II Omsk Fortress, June 15, 1788.

25.10.2021, 22:42

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Patriotism of Kyrgyzstanis in the First Days of the Great Patriotic War

Readiness of Kyrgyzstanis to Defend the Motherland On the very first day of the war, June 22, 1941, the Communist Party and the Soviet government appealed to the people with a call to stand up for the great achievements of October. “Our cause is just. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours!”—these slogans of the party instilled in the peoples of the USSR faith in their strength, in the triumph of the righteous cause, expressing their unwavering confidence in the victorious outcome of

24.10.2021, 19:58

Poetic retelling of the epic "Manas"

The Epic of "Manas". The Death of the Heroes

The Death of the Heroes A rumor swept through China That Khan Manas was wounded. The spirit of the Kangai people rose. For Konurbai and Neskara Their long-awaited hour had come. Surrounding Beijinge in three circles, To ensure that not a single one Of the buruts left China alive, And to drive out the Muslims, They incited the townspeople to revolt. And behold, a hundred thousand troops Marched towards the city of Chet-Beijing, To capture and destroy the Kyrgyz forces. Raising Manas' red

22.10.2021, 18:49

Kurmanjan Datka

Osh in the Early 20th Century

Growth of the City in the Early 20th Century Little expanding in the pre-war years due to its surroundings, Osh did not rise in height either, except for the increasing number of minarets by 1917 at the mosques. The spatial growth of the city, more precisely its residential part, is associated with the construction of new single-story buildings in the upper part of the city. The following data provides an idea of the growth of residential construction: at the end of the 1870s, there were about

22.10.2021, 18:21

Meat and offal dishes

Chyz-byz is a famous dish of Kyrgyz cuisine.

Chyz-byz Chyz-byz is a well-known dish of Kyrgyz cuisine. It is a dish of shepherds, which they used to eat and still eat during their long journeys across the pastures. In Kyrgyz cuisine, the dish is made from lamb meat and lamb offal. During cooking, it is important not to stray far from the pan. You need to keep everything under control, stir, and add the ingredients one by one. Chyz-byz cooked over an open fire, infused with smoke, is undoubtedly delicious. But it can also be prepared in

21.10.2021, 19:53

Ethnography

The 19th Century — A Century of Radical Change in the Lives of the Kyrgyz

Settlements and Permanent Housing The 19th century was a turning point in the life of the Kyrgyz. It marked the beginning of their settlement on land. One of the most important factors that led to the gradual transition to settled life among the southern Kyrgyz was the historical event of Southern Kyrgyzstan's annexation to Russia. This decisively changed the lifestyle of the Kyrgyz: conflicts and wars between Kyrgyz tribes and neighboring peoples ceased, economic life began to stabilize,

21.10.2021, 18:44