"The Andijan Uprising" - one of the complex events in the history of the peoples of Central Asia
Repression of the "Disobedient"
Repressive measures related to the suppression of the uprising in question continued. Local feudal nobility, including the manaps who held the positions of volost administrators, took advantage of this situation.
They extorted money, livestock, and valuables from the working people under the threat of arrest for allegedly participating in the "Andijan Uprising," and ruthlessly dealt with those representatives of the working class who showed disobedience. For instance, the prominent manap Akmat Ryskulbekov, the administrator of the Susamyr volost, managed to have 36 people arrested, supposedly for their involvement in the "Andijan Uprising." Among the arrested was the democratic akyn Toktogul Satylganov, who branded the aforementioned manap as a bloodsucker and a thief of the people. Many of these detainees, including Toktogul, were exiled to hard labor in Siberia.
Serious threats from feudal lords, especially local officials, to punish representatives of the working population for allegedly participating in the Andijan Uprising were widespread. This is vividly evidenced by petitions, i.e., complaints from the working people addressed to high-ranking tsarist officials, including the governor-general of Turkestan. In one such petition, specifically from the residents of the Akburin volost of the Osh district, including the mullah Nizam Khoja Hasan Khojiyev and other people from the yapalak clan dated July 29, 1898, it was reported that the volost administrator Sharifbay, threatening to arrest and exile people to hard labor in Siberia, forced them to give him everything he wanted. In fact, for opposing his wishes, Kerimbek, mullah Hasan Khojiyev, and several others were arrested and exiled beyond the borders of the region. The same fate awaited anyone who disobeyed him. As stated in the complaint from the resident of the Kashka-Terek Kugar volost of the Andijan district, Sulaymankul Sultanqulov, dated May 24, 1899, the volost administrator Batyr Akeev managed to have the undesired Mullah Kadyrkul and Hakimbek exiled to hard labor for a term of 7 years.
The repression of the "disobedient" took place not only in the areas affected by the uprising but also in the Semirechye region. Thus, in the Przhevalsk district, located hundreds of kilometers from the uprising areas, more than 90 people were arrested on the aforementioned grounds and sent to Andijan, where they were imprisoned.
However, all of this only led to an increase in the hatred of the working people towards the tsarist colonizers and the local feudal nobility, as well as contributed to the growth of the struggle against social and national oppression.
The uprising in question has been referred to as the "Andijan Uprising" in pre-revolutionary literature and official archival documents, a term that has also been reflected in Soviet historiography. In our opinion, it should be called the uprising of the peasants of Fergana against the tsarist authority. It was actively participated in by the working masses of Kyrgyz, Uzbek, and Tajik descent, dissatisfied with the increasing colonial oppression. Its sharp edge was directed against tsarist autocracy. Due to its causes, social composition, course, and nature, this uprising was one of the complex events in the history of the peoples of Central Asia. It is not surprising that, although it has been studied since the 1920s, there is still no consensus on its nature.
Execution of Madali Ishan and his associates
