Ethnography

Fastenings of the Components of the Kyrgyz Yurt

Components of the Yurt To understand the fastening system of the components of the yurt, it is necessary to sequentially examine the order of its installation. As is the case everywhere among the Kyrgyz, the installation of the yurt is the responsibility of women (men only helped to lift the heavy hoop). First, the door frame is set up, and the lattice walls are stretched, placing them in a circle. The edges are connected by tying them with twine or narrow woven tape (ribbon). The top of the

11.07.2021, 09:34

Osh - 3000

Honored Builder of the Kyrgyz SSR Yan Efimovich Fisher

Fisher Yan Efimovich It is worth noting the activities of another leader. We mean Fisher Yan Efimovich, who, after graduating from the Frunze Polytechnic Institute in 1959 (specialty: industrial and civil construction), dedicated many years of his life to the construction industry in Kyrgyzstan. Over 26 years of work, Y. E. Fisher made a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the city of Osh. Under his direct leadership, dozens of industrial and civil facilities,

11.07.2021, 09:14

The epic "Manas" in prose

Epic "Manas". The Great Campaign. The Wounding of Manas and the Return of the Kyrgyz to Talas. Part 1

The Great Campaign. The Wounding of Manas and the Return of the Kyrgyz to Talas. Manas imposed a heavy tribute on Beidzhin. Meanwhile, Konurbai fled to the farthest Beidzhin to Karakhan and told him about the defeat that Manas inflicted on them. - This spawn, the villain Manas, will not leave us alive, - he concluded his story and wept.

09.07.2021, 12:20

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

The Rapid Development of Pishpek in the Late 19th Century

Gordskaya uprava in the Terentyev house. City Development In 1912, there were 12 educational institutions in Pishpek, including a men's gymnasium, a Russian-native and agricultural school, 3 madrasahs, and 6 primary schools. In the gymnasium in 1915, 122 children of imperial officials, officers, merchants, bais, and manaps studied, and in 1913, there were 3 Orthodox churches and 20 mosques. The increase in the number of educational institutions was associated with the growth of the

09.07.2021, 12:09

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

The 20th Century — A Time of Forced Transition for Kyrgyz from Tribal Lifestyle to Soviet Order

FEATURES OF HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF THE KYRGYZ IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY In addition to ideological, political, and socio-economic reasons, the crisis of historical science in Kyrgyzstan is also caused by the fact that our people, who lived before the Soviet era under a tribal system, did not have deep scientific traditions in studying their own history. On the other hand, take Russia, which had numerous scientific schools and directions, and outstanding titans of

08.07.2021, 17:37

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Joint Performance of Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, and Karakalpaks in the Uprising of 1873-1876.

Peasant Movement As the factual materials presented above show, the uprising of 1873-1876 was a joint performance of the working Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, and Karakalpaks, who suffered under the oppression of the Kokand feudal lords led by the khan. The commonality of their historical fate, the increasingly oppressive feudal burden, and the support of the tsarist authority united and raised the workers of these fraternal peoples to fight for popular freedom. National enmity and distrust among

08.07.2021, 17:01

Poetic retelling of the epic "Manas"

Epic "Manas". The Great Campaign to China. Part - 2

The Great Campaign to China. Part - 2 As dawn broke in the skies, On the helmets of fierce warriors, On sharp peaks it played A reflected glimmer from the sun. Like a sign of war it fluttered The red banner with a green spear, So that the enemy could see and tremble. From the warriors marching to battle, The earth trembled beneath their feet. And ahead on Ak-Kul, With an impenetrable shield, With a merciless sword, Ach-albars, In all his glory Under the red flag stood Khan Manas. Like a fierce

06.07.2021, 19:02

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Bekchik (bikchik) — a Turkic tribe

Lake Bekchiks Bekchik (bikchik) — a Turkic tribe. V. P. Yudin and K. A. Pishulina identify them with the Kangly tribe. They concluded that among the military leaders sent by Tugluq-Timur near Tashkent in Mawarannahr was Bekchik from the Kangly clan. Expanding on this thought, K. A. Pishulina writes: “Throughout the history of Moghulistan, the Kangly (also referred to here as Bekchiks, granted this name due to the services rendered by Bekchik to the Kangly during the elevation of Tugluq-Timur

06.07.2021, 18:52

Women of Kyrgyzstan

The title "Умай эне" translates to "Mother Umai" in English.

UMAI - GODDESS OF FERTILITY The ancient Kyrgyz worshipped four natural elements: Sky, Earth, Fire, Water. The Sky was considered the masculine principle and was personified in the image of a mighty Bull, while the Earth represented the feminine. The Cult of the Sky arose from the cult of the Sun. The ancient Sumerians called the sun god Dingir, the Mongols - Tengri, and the blue Turks and Kyrgyz - Temp. Kok Tenir (Geshri) meant Blue, Eternal Sky. It encompassed all astral representations and

01.07.2021, 10:12

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of the Bald Shepherd

The Bald Shepherd This happened a long time ago. A noble warrior named Sokbay was riding across the steppe when he saw an immense herd of cows in a valley by the river. A bald young shepherd, bold and fierce, was tending the herd. The noble warrior approached the shepherd, greeted him, and asked: — Whose herd is this? The shepherd was surprised.

01.07.2021, 09:14

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Construction of the Trolleybus System in Frunze. Document No. 173 (March 1947)

RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE KYRGYZ SSR "ON APPROVAL OF THE TECHNICAL PROJECT AND GENERAL ESTIMATE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE TROLLEYBUS SYSTEM IN THE CITY OF FRUNZE" Frunze March 31, 1947 The Council of Ministers of the Kyrgyz SSR resolves: To approve the technical project and general estimate for the construction of the trolleybus system in the city of Frunze, prepared by DORTRANSPROJECT of the Ministry of Utilities of the RSFSR and approved by the Bureau of

30.06.2021, 11:00

Shabdan Baatyr

Hero Demanded by the Era. Part - 4

Letter from Abdullabek Alimbek uulu to General Skobelev The actions of Shabdan the Hero and his horsemen in southern Kyrgyzstan apparently did not exceed the limits of what was permissible, so as not to appear as servants of the Russian generals; their goal was precisely to prevent unnecessary mass bloodshed. This was vividly demonstrated during the Alai Expedition from July to October of the following year, 1876, under the command of the troops of the Fergana region, Major General M. D.

30.06.2021, 10:49

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Z. Abdrakhmanov - Soldier of the Revolution

SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION He did not live to see forty years. The forces of lawlessness of Stalinism and unprecedented terror cut short his life at a time when the creative potential of a personality, especially that of a statesman, is approaching maximum self-realization. Yet this short life encompassed a tremendous amount of work in the name of the interests of his people and the realization of the ideals of socialism. Restoring the true role and place of Zh. Abdrakhmanov in the struggle for

28.06.2021, 23:43

Ethnography

"Internal Dualism" of the Kyrgyz Nomadic Communities

Practice of Material Support for Economically Weak Members of the Community Communities were usually heterogeneous in social composition: they included both prosperous herders and the poor. Often, the latter would join wealthier relatives, which allowed them to migrate and support their families. In the 19th to early 20th centuries, there was a widespread practice of material support for economically weak members of the community.

26.06.2021, 22:06

The epic "Manas" in prose

The Tale of Manas. The Great Campaign. Victory over Konurbay. Part - 2

The Great Campaign. Victory over Konurbai. Part - 2 Manas inflicted a bloody massacre on the Chinese, driving many into the turbulent waves of the Sarysu. Konurbai could not stop his fleeing army, became confused, and, without engaging in battle with Manas, fled as well. Half of the Chinese troops, fleeing from the slaughter, perished, drowning in the river. Konurbai sent a messenger to Beijing, and a new numerous army arrived from there, led by Madykan-doo. But Almambet, before their arrival,

26.06.2021, 19:44

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Documents Characterizing the State of the National Economy of Kyrgyzstan During the War Years

Archives for 1941—1945 The first edition of the book "Soviet Kyrgyzstan in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945" received positive reviews in the Soviet press regarding its structure and content. In preparing the second edition, dedicated to the glorious fortieth anniversary of the world-historical Victory of the Soviet people and its Armed Forces over fascist Germany and militarist Japan, the author sought to take into account the comments and wishes of readers—veterans of the war

25.06.2021, 03:00

Kurmanjan Datka

Ali ibn Osman al-Oshi

Beacon of Faith Thus, Osh, once a city of "infidels" - Zoroastrians and followers of local shamanic cults - gradually became a holy city for Muslims. It took centuries for new Islamic legends, tales, and myths to replace the pagan legends and rituals practiced on the slopes of the mountain. These stories recounted the life of Adam, as well as the assembly of Muslim prophets, such as Jibril, Muhammad, Sulayman, Asaf ibn Burhiya, and many others. This continued until the advent of

24.06.2021, 17:27

Meat and offal dishes

Zhumsak-et (soft meat), a dish of Kyrgyz cuisine

Jumshak-et (soft meat) This culinary recipe is intended for all lovers of authentic Asian cuisine. Jumshak-et is a dish from Kyrgyzstan, where people love to cook food from lamb and its offal. Method of preparation: For the filling, chop the raw fat, onion, and garlic into small cubes, finely chop the jussai, drizzle with vinegar, mix, and leave to marinate for 1-2 hours, then add the steamed rice. Rinse the meat, clean it from membranes and tendons, cut it into 4 portions, slightly pound it,

24.06.2021, 16:39

Ethnography

Construction of Yurt Walls

Yurt Walls The walls of the yurt (kerege) are retractable. They consist of a lattice of sticks that are given a curved shape on a machine called tez. When the yurt is set up, this curve is noticeable; the wall has a slightly convex shape outward at its lower part. The length of the sticks depends on the size of the yurt (ranging from 200 to 290 cm). The upper part of the sticks, like those of the dome, is flattened. The diameter of the middle part of the stick is 2.5–3 cm. To drill holes in

23.06.2021, 05:21

Osh - 3000

Sadykbek Ablesov - First Secretary of the Osh City Committee of the Party from 1979 to 1982.

Sadikbek Ablesov We cannot forget the activities of Sadikbek Ablesov, who served as the chairman of the Osh city executive committee from 1972 to 1979, and from 1979 to 1982 as the first secretary of the Osh city committee of the party. While working as the manager of the Osh auto trust, he was invited to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, where T. Usubaliev informed him that his candidacy was recommended for the position of chairman of the Osh city council, providing

21.06.2021, 03:00

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

1878: Transfer of the District Administration from Tokmak to Pishpek (Bishkek)

Transfer of the District Administration from Tokmak to Pishpek There is also information about the strategic significance of Pishpek, noting that in 1854, after the capture of the city of Almaty by the imperial troops, a 19,000-strong military detachment from the Kokand Khanate arrived in Pishpek to block further advances, consisting of 7,000 under the command of Khanat Shah and 12,000 under the command of the Andijan leader Alymbek Datka. They moved towards Almaty. In the battle that took

21.06.2021, 02:00

Insects of Kyrgyzstan

Singing Cicada - Chyrıldak Kverulasy

Singing Cicada Querula - Cicadatra querula Pall. Cicadas are mostly large insects that predominantly inhabit hot countries across all parts of the world. They live on trees and shrubs and fly quite well. These insects are of medium to large size (in temperate climate countries, body length ranges from 23 to 55 mm). They have a short head with prominently bulging eyes; on the crown, there are 3 simple eyes forming a triangle; the short bristle-like antennae consist of 7 segments; the mouthparts

20.06.2021, 10:38

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s. Introduction. Part - 4

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s. Part - 3 With the beginning of perestroika and the proclamation of independence, a movement opposing the official course pursued by the political leadership of Kyrgyzstan, headed by President A. Akayev, regained strength. This, however, does not contradict the proclaimed democratic path of development for our country. This also defines the particular relevance of studying the proposed issues, political leaders of both formal and informal types, the history and

20.06.2021, 10:11

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Support for the Rebels and Participation of the Local Population in the Uprising

Support for the Rebels by the Local Population The uprising of 1873-1876 began and unfolded as an anti-feudal and national liberation movement. Its driving forces were the Kyrgyz, Uzbek, and Tajik laborers, ordinary herders, artisans, and impoverished peasants, who were devastated by the predatory policies of the Kokand khan and his officials. Representatives of the feudal nobility also participated in this uprising. The occupation of a large part of the khanate's territory by Tsarist

20.06.2021, 08:25

Poetic retelling of the epic "Manas"

Epic "Manas". The Great Campaign to China. Part - 1

The Great Campaign to China On the forty-first day in the morning On the argamak Ak-Kula Manas rode out to the square. And twenty warriors-choro Galloped to his left, And as many fierce fighters Galloped to his right — His loyal guard. The restless dobulbas Thundered like thunder across all Talas. With anger unhidden, Our enraged lion looked at the khans. — Bring everyone to me here! — He ordered his choro. The khans appeared at once. And now they stand before him, Shaking hands timidly and

19.06.2021, 22:11

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

"Baaryny, Baluki, Balikchi"

Baaryny (baarin, bayrin, bakhrin, naryn), balykchi (balikchi), baluki Baaryny (baarin, bayrin, bakhrin, naryn) — a Turkicized Mongolian tribe. They migrated from Mongolia to the Chagatai ulus after Genghis Khan divided their conquered lands among his sons. Baaryny are mentioned in the works of Eastern authors. Their emirs actively participated in the political life of Moghulistan. For example, they supported the candidacy of the eldest son of Veys-khan, Yunus, for the throne. Shah-Mahmud

19.06.2021, 21:59

Women of Kyrgyzstan

Apas Dzhumagulov on Kyrgyz Women

Apas Jumagulov on Kyrgyz Women The history of the development of world civilization is largely the story of the increasing role of women in the social development of society. There are many examples of selfless, and often self-sacrificing, service by women for the good of their country in the history of Kyrgyzstan. Women have repeatedly taken on the immense burden of responsibility for the future of the people and the fate of the homeland. The great spirit of women - the guardians of the

19.06.2021, 20:40

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of Alyka and Barypjan

ALYKE AND BARYPZHAN There lived two friends named Sarykan and Karakan. Sarykan had a son, Alyke, and Karakan had a daughter, Barypzhan. Soon, Karakan moved with his family far to the west.

18.06.2021, 08:23

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Report on the Condition of the City of Frunze. Document No. 172 (November 1946)

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FRUNZE CITY COUNCIL OF WORKING DEPUTIES ON THE CONDITION OF THE CITY ECONOMY AND ITS FURTHER DEVELOPMENT IN THE FOURTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN Frunze, November 4, 1946. Near the rivers Ala-Medinka and Ala-Arch, at the foot of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too, lies the capital of the Kyrgyz SSR, the city of Frunze, formerly the county town of Pishpek, renamed in 1926 in honor of the talented commander and fervent Bolshevik Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze.

18.06.2021, 07:57

Shabdan Baatyr

Hero Demanded by the Era. Part - 3

...the Kyrgyz must live together like bees in one hive... The political influence of Shabdan was very significant not only among the Kyrgyz but also among the top leadership of the Russian administration in Turkestan. This is clearly evidenced by the removal in 1890 of the administrator of the Pishpek district, military elder Narbuga, and in 1911 of the incompetent volost manager of the Sarybagysh volost, M. Alpybaev, who were dismissed after Shabdan informed the Military Governor of the

17.06.2021, 14:50

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

"Interference in the Literary Creativity of K. Tynystanova"

Verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court On March 4, 1932, the significantly updated secretariat of the Kyrgyz Regional Committee of the Party adopted a resolution "On Kyrgyz Literature," which stated that "the letter from I. V. Stalin to the editorial office of the magazine 'Proletarian Revolution' served as a signal for a broad offensive by the party on the ideological front, strengthening the vigilance of party organizations in the struggle on two

17.06.2021, 14:21

Ethnography

Intercommunity Contacts of the Kyrgyz

Kydyr (the elder) with his family in front of their yurt. Mountain Semirechye, Kyrgyzstan. Aksu District, Karakol County. First third of the 20th century. Joint Labor of Community Members The community was managed by the elders of the village (ayil aksakals) - representatives of the older generation who held high social status and were identified by their names. The aksakals resolved economic and social issues, governed based on leadership qualities and real personal authority. They bore moral

15.06.2021, 09:31

Insects of Kyrgyzstan

Saliva Pen - Shilekey Foam Maker

Spittlebug - Philaenus spumarius L. The spittlebug is an insect from the family of froghoppers, and it is relatively smaller than singing cicadas. It is a polyphagous pest. The adult spittlebug has a wedge-shaped body, measuring between 5 to 7 mm in length, with variable coloration: it can be solid-colored; with black or light brown patterns; with longitudinal stripes or transverse streaks; spotted (light cream spots on a dark background); with a dark rear and a light front. Its mouthparts are

15.06.2021, 09:17

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Steps in Studying the History of Kyrgyzstan During the Great Patriotic War

Convoy with bread. Kyrgyz SSR 1942 Steps in the Study of Kyrgyzstan's History during the Great Patriotic War The participation of small nations in the nationwide struggle is addressed in one of the sections of "Essays on the History of Soviet Dungans" and more thoroughly in the work of I. Yusupov. These works examine the feats of Dungan warriors on the battlefields and the selfless labor of Dungan collective farmers in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in the rear, as well as their

14.06.2021, 09:47

Kurmanjan Datka

Sulaiman-Too - the symbol of the ancient city

"The Business Card" of the City of Osh When narrating the life of the Alaï queen, one cannot overlook the "pearl" of the Kokand Khanate - Osh. This city is closely connected to the matriarch, especially during the years of her brilliant political career. If a theater, as they say, begins with a coat rack, then it is best to start telling about the attractions of the "southern capital" with Sulaiman-Too. This mountain has always been a symbol of the ancient city.

14.06.2021, 09:27

Sweet dishes of Kyrgyzstan

Tan-mosho (spinning tops in Kyrgyz)

Tan-mosho Ingredients: 0.5-1 liter of liquid (milk, water, or a mixture of both), 1/2 cup of vegetable oil or 3-4 tablespoons of melted butter, 1 teaspoon of salt, 1-2 tablespoons of sugar, 20-50 g of yeast, 1-1.2 kg of flour (the amount of flour depends on its quality).

14.06.2021, 09:03

Ethnography

Making a Dome for a Yurt

Dome Poles for the Yurt The process of making the wooden frame of the yurt proceeds as follows. The prepared wood is dried by the craftsman, stripped of its bark, planed with a tartky, and shaped to the required thickness and form. All parts of the frame, except for the frame itself, are subjected to bending.

12.06.2021, 20:19

Osh - 3000

First Secretaries of the Osh City Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan from 1971 to 1977

First Secretaries of the Osh City Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan from 1971 to 1977 From 1971 to 1974, the first secretary of the Osh City Committee of the Party was Tolgarbek Sarbanov. In his memoirs, he notes that during those years, the city’s party organs faced the task of developing and implementing comprehensive measures for the further development of the scientific and technical potential of the city. As mentioned above, Osh concentrated the main production of silk and

12.06.2021, 16:47

The epic "Manas" in prose

The Tale of Manas. The Great Campaign. Victory over Konurbay. Part - 1

The Great Campaign. Victory over Konurbay. Almambet and Syrgak, having left Beidzhin, crossed the Sary-Suu River and encountered numerous herds of horses on their way. Seeing them, they sent their spare horse Kartkyureng to lead all the herds towards Manas's troops. Almambet and Syrgak beat the drums, fired several shots from their rifles, and began to drive the herds. (58). Noticing this, the Chinese herder Janibay, leading forty herders on his red stallion, attacked Almambet and Syrgak.

12.06.2021, 14:30

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

Tokmok has been the administrative center of the Chui Valley since 1825.

Kokand Fortress in Pishpek The natural and climatic conditions, along with the diverse riches of the Chui Valley, attracted the attention of foreign conquerors. After capturing the southern part of Kyrgyzstan in 1821, the Kokand Khanate sent 4,000 troops in 1825 to seize the Chui Valley, including Bishkek, where the Pishpek (Kuznechnaya) Fortress was built. The colonial administration also constructed the Ak-Suu (Belovodskoye), Kara-Balta, and Tokmok fortresses in the Chui Valley. These

10.06.2021, 12:14

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s. Introduction. Part - 3

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s. Introduction. Part - 3 Among the works of predecessors that have directly and indirectly influenced the results of this historical research, it is important to highlight the writings of historians V. M. Ploskih, I. E. Semenov, Dzh. Dzhunushaliev, T. Ozhukeeva, A. Tuzov, and others, who have already dealt with the issues discussed in this book. The author disagrees with some of these researchers regarding the essence of how they unfold and interpret events, but does not

10.06.2021, 11:43

Poetic retelling of the epic "Manas"

The Epic of "Manas". The Arrival of the Envoys to Manas

The Arrival of the Envoys to Manas Six envoys rushed From six noble clans On a long journey to the Talas River, Where Khan Manas set his throne. And there they saw: Gates with a stone wall Shining under golden paint. A ravine filled with water, So that the enemy could not approach, And a powerful guard around. The envoys, not knowing what to do, Stood for a long time at the gates, Not knowing how or where to start: Knock on the door or shout, Until Zhoronchu-Kazakh Appeared before their eyes.

10.06.2021, 11:28

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Preconditions for the Liquidation of the Kokand Khanate

Forced Liquidation of the Kokand Khanate The tsarism, the patron of the Kokand khans, failed to restore either the power of Khudoyar Khan or Nasr-ed-Din Khan. The imperial government, which had previously refrained from accepting the Kyrgyz, who inhabited the southern regions of Kyrgyzstan, as its subjects for tactical reasons, was now forced to liquidate the Kokand Khanate and annex its territory, including the southern part of Kyrgyzstan, to Russia on February 19, 1876, frightened by the

09.06.2021, 18:29

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Population of Mogulistan

Arkanuts, Arlats, Barlasses The problem being studied is one of the complex and poorly researched topics in the history of Mogulistan, as the uneven study of various aspects of socio-economic relations, cultural-economic life, and political structure is explained by the fragmentary nature or complete absence of written sources and cultural monuments. Population

07.06.2021, 11:58

Women of Kyrgyzstan

Tursun Osmonova

Left a Name for Future Generations and a Street Tursun Osmonova was one of the first active participants in the movement for the emancipation of Muslim women in the East and the first female Minister of Social Welfare in Kyrgyzstan. She was affectionately known among the people as Tursun-apa. Tursun Osmonova was born in the village of Uch-Uryuk in the Kemin district in 1900 into a poor family. Her mother died during childbirth, and a year and a half later, her father passed away. From the age

07.06.2021, 11:19

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Organization of the City Prosecutor's Office and Children's Cinema in Frunze. Documents No. 170 and No. 171 (Summer 1946).

RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE KYRGYZ SSR AND THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY (BOLSHEVIKS) OF KYRGYZSTAN ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CITY PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE IN THE CITY OF FRUNZE Frunze, July 4, 1946 In connection with the significant population growth, institutions, and production enterprises in the capital of the republic, the city of Frunze, and in order to ensure more effective prosecution oversight over the proper implementation of socialist legality, the

07.06.2021, 10:59

Shabdan Baatyr

Hero Demanded by the Era. Part 2

The Influence of Shabdan Jantayev among the Kyrgyz of the Semirechye Region An analysis of the information from sources and the political situation in Kyrgyzstan from the mid-19th to the early 20th centuries convinces us that the personality of Baatyr Shabdan, as an intermediary for the colonial authorities of Russia in managing the new region, was demanded by the very time itself. And he fulfilled this role with honor. It is probably not coincidental that even his ardent opponent, the head of

06.06.2021, 13:21

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Cleaning the Soviet Apparatus of Socially Alien Elements in the 1930s

The Struggle of Soviet Power Against Class Enemies The failure of Kyrgyzstan to meet the increased grain procurement plan in the drought year of 1932 and the refusal to "sweep away" the seed fund in the newly created collective farms were classified by the Central Committee of the VKP(b) and its Central Asian Bureau as "manifestations of localist tendencies." By the end of 1932, refugees from Kazakhstan and Siberia (more than 130,000 families) flooded into Kyrgyzstan—an

06.06.2021, 12:52