Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

The First Five-Year Plan of the Kyrgyz ASSR

Approval of the First Five-Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy In December 1929, the II session of the Central Executive Committee of the Kyrgyz ASSR approved the first five-year plan for the development of the national economy for 1928-1932, which provided for capital investments amounting to 240 million rubles, intended for the creation of an industrial base in Kyrgyzstan through the construction of new factories, plants, mines, and the reconstruction and expansion of the

28.03.2022, 09:51

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Historical Perspective of the Kyrgyz People under Soviet Power

The Achievement of Greatness by A. Sydykov Thanks to the Soviet System The fate of A. Sydykov and many of his associates compels a reevaluation of the role of Kyrgyz civil servants. From the perspective of the Bolsheviks, all these people were initially "fellow travelers," "adaptors," "bloodsuckers." Later, these labels transformed into the specter of the "enemy of the people." The Bolsheviks hated the civil servants of the old regime. They were to

28.03.2022, 09:41

Kara-Balta - Black Ax

Territory and Management of Kara-Balta

Administration and Territory of the City GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Kara-Balta is one of the youngest cities in the Kyrgyz Republic, comfortably located at the foot of the northern slope of Ala-Too, in the center of the western part of the Chui Valley, 62 km from the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic - the city of Bishkek, at an altitude of 700-750 meters above sea level, on the left bank of the Kara-Balta River in the Chu River basin.

27.03.2022, 11:20

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Evacuation of Industry to the Territory of Kyrgyzstan

Placement and Restoration of Relocated Factories and Plants in Kyrgyzstan In the summer of 1942, due to the breakthrough of German-fascist troops in the southeast direction, it became necessary to evacuate the population, part of the industrial enterprises, collective farm property, and cultural values from the war zone to the East once again. From June to December 1942, equipment from the vegetable-canning plant in the city of Kharabali, Astrakhan region, the alcohol plant (city of Ertil) and

27.03.2022, 10:42

Ethnography

The Intertribal Nature of Oaths Among the Kyrgyz

Oaths among the Kyrgyz Oaths were an important element of relationships at the intertribal level, primarily concerning military and political issues, and they remained in effect until the agreed goal was achieved. The agreement, which had an intertribal character, was sealed with blood; for this purpose, a horse of a specific color, usually a light gray ak boz am, was slaughtered, and the sabers were sprinkled with the blood of the slain horse while the formula was pronounced: “Kimde kim ushul

25.03.2022, 11:13

Insects of Kyrgyzstan

Asian Leaf Beetle - Азиялык жалбырак жегич

Asian Leaf Beetle - Chrysochares asiaticus Pall. One of the largest and most colorful leaf beetles. The body of the beetle is stout, measuring 13–17 mm in length. The pronotum is wide, with rather sparse, shallow punctures; the largest of them is slightly ahead of the middle. The back and elytra are green with a purple sheen. The clypeus is wide, not separated from the forehead, with sparse punctures, bare or with rare hairs; the first segment of the antennae has sparse hairs. The elytra have

25.03.2022, 10:47

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Cities of Moghulistan

Cities of Mogulistan Before the Mongol invasion, there were many cities of various sizes in the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan and Semirechye. The largest among them were Taraz, Balasagun, Almalyk, Kayalyk, and Ilibalyk. During the rule of the Chagatai khans and Haidu, they continued to exist but gradually began to lose their former economic and political significance.

24.03.2022, 20:44

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Construction of Sewage System in the City of Frunze. Document No. 189 (June 1952)

FROM THE DECREE OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE KYRGYZ SSR "ON THE PROGRESS OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWAGE SYSTEM IN THE CITY OF FRUNZE AND ITS COMMISSIONING" City of Frunze, June 28, 1952 ... In order to ensure the commissioning of the sewage system this year, the Council of Ministers of the Kyrgyz SSR decrees:

24.03.2022, 19:29

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Political Exiles in Turkestan

Turkestan - A Place of Exile for Political Prisoners The penetration and spread of revolutionary ideas were facilitated by the friendly relations between the indigenous population and Russian labor migrants, which arose and developed through their everyday and long-term economic, domestic, and cultural interactions, despite the chauvinistic policies of the tsarist authorities and the nationalist actions of local exploiters. Moreover, the brutal oppressive policies of colonial authorities and

22.03.2022, 20:09

Women of Kyrgyzstan

Folk Artisan Bekboeva Alyi

Alyi Bekboeva (1886-1977) Alyi Bekboeva was the first Kyrgyz folk artisan, admitted to the Union of Artists of the USSR in 1958. She created 25 felt carpets—shyrdaks, 28 embroidered velvet panels—tush-kyiz, 21 ayak-kap, over 80 sekichke, topu, and beldemchi. In her skilled hands, the bright colors of Kyrgyz nature come to life anew. Among her awards are the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, medals "For Valorous Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" and "For Labor

22.03.2022, 19:36

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

The Accusation of O. Tyanaev in Antiparty Sins at the Second Plenary Session of the Kyarobkom of the VKP(b)

Accusation of Tynaev in Right-Opportunistic Sins After the abolition of the district, at the age of 26, Osmon was appointed as the secretary of the Jalal-Abad district party committee. However, he did not have long to work in his new position. Three months after his appointment, he was removed from office.

21.03.2022, 13:35

"Semetey" in prose

Semetey. Semetey's Trip to Talas. Part - 2

Semetey's trip to Talas. Part - 2 There was this Belyokbay, a close friend of Manas, the chief over the forty cripples guarding Manas's treasury. He himself was a cripple, ugly in appearance. After Manas's death, Abike and Kyobesh beat Belyokbay and his forty cripples during the division of property and drove them into the mountains like dogs. Since then, he wandered in the mountains, living off hunting. That day, Belyokbay had a dream: he dreamed that Semetey had arrived.

21.03.2022, 13:12

Shabdan Baatyr

Report by Kolpakovsky on the Arrival of Representatives of the Rebel Kokand Kyrgyz to the Russian Authorities

REPORT OF THE ACTING TURKESTAN GENERAL-GOVERNOR LIEUTENANT GENERAL G. A. KOLPAKOVSKY TO THE TURKESTAN GENERAL-GOVERNOR K. P. KAUFMAN ON THE ARRIVAL OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE REBELLIOUS KOKAND KYRGYZ TO THE RUSSIAN AUTHORITIES November 12, 1873 The acting military governor of the Syrdarya region, Major General Eiler, informed me by telegram that deputies from the Kokand Kyrgyz, dissatisfied with Khudoyar Khan, had appeared before the district chief of Khojent and were asking him what position

19.03.2022, 11:27

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of Naabat

Naabat Once upon a time, they say, there lived a khan named Azil. He ruled his people wisely and justly. The people, they say, lived in peace and contentment. Life flowed joyfully, happily, and carefreely. But one day, a gigantic dragon appeared in those lands. It lay at the edge of the kingdom and blocked all the rivers, depriving the population of water, and the people did not know what to do or how to fight the monster, for it was so terrifying and strong that when it inhaled, huge stones

17.03.2022, 19:52

Kurmanjan Datka

Evasion of Tax Payments by Waqf Founders

Waqf Documents Undoubtedly, the waqf madrasa of Alymbek is one of the largest agricultural estates of the feudal lord, but not the only one. The fact that Alymbek had, in addition to the waqf property, other plots of land in the same Fergana can be inferred from the repeatedly encountered mentions in waqf documents (waqf-nama) and purchase deeds (vasikas) regarding Alymbek's land parcels bordering other properties.

17.03.2022, 19:28

Soups of Kyrgyzstan

Loya Ash – Kyrgyz Lamb Soup with Beans

Lamb Soup with Beans Loya Ash is the name of a Kyrgyz soup made with lamb, beans, vegetables, and herbs. I recommend using this culinary recipe to try authentic Eastern cuisine. Moreover, it is a very tasty, nutritious, and healthy soup. Ingredients:

14.03.2022, 18:52

Ethnography

Wall Niches in Southern Kyrgyz Housing

Wall Niches Wall niches are one of the characteristic features of the dwellings in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and the houses of Eastern Turkestan. They are also popular in Southern Kyrgyzstan, but are most typical, as noted above, for flat-roofed Ferghana-type houses. Niches add a special style to the room's interior and, in the absence of furniture, serve as a convenient introduction. They replace cabinets, help keep household items organized, and give the dwelling a unique charm.

14.03.2022, 12:33

"Semetey" - poetic story

Semetey. The Childhood of Semetey. Part - 4

Childhood of Semetey. Part - 4 The rumor that Semetey does not eat, does not drink Lies motionless for twelve days Meanwhile, with sadness and worry It reached his mother, the unfortunate Kanakei She decided, if the rumors are confirmed To not see her son – the young man – suffer She would kill herself, took a sharp sword with her And rushed to the palace to Semetey!

11.03.2022, 22:45

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

The Final Formation of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The Final Formation of the Kyrgyz ASSR In January 1929, based on the recommendation of the city committee of the VKP(b) Kyrprofsoyveta, a draft decree was published for the deputies of the Frunze City Council. It stated that the main tasks of the City Council were to meet the material and cultural needs of the population. This contributed to the fact that the elections to the City Council took place with extraordinary activity from the city's workers.

11.03.2022, 22:36

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

The High Political Mission of A. Sydykov

City of Verny Years of Study in Verny At his father's insistence, from 1904 to 1911, Abdykerim studied at the Vernensky Men's Gymnasium — a privileged educational institution of European type. The only similar gymnasium in all of Turkestan was located in Tashkent; later, they were opened in Bishkek and Aulie-Ata. Applicants for admission were required to know prayers, be able to read and write in Russian, and perform arithmetic operations within a thousand. Mandatory subjects at the

10.03.2022, 12:45

Kara-Balta - Black Ax

Kara-Balta and Its Predecessor

Historical Roots of the City Let us return to those deep historical roots that connect our mountainous region with events from three thousand years ago, our young city of Kara-Balta with its predecessor, which existed and stood in this place for many centuries. Judging by the treasure of 3000 coins found in the charred ruins of the city by archaeologist M.N. Omorov and the expedition of archaeologist D.F. Vinnik which uncovered 5000 coins, mainly Karakhanid dirhams minted from copper and

10.03.2022, 12:17

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

The National Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic on Military Tracks

High Rates of Defense Production Industrial enterprises quickly adapted to the production of goods necessary to meet military needs. In July 1941, the Frunze Mechanical Plant was tasked with organizing the manufacture of special orders for the front. Workers, engineers, and technicians exerted all their efforts and mastered their production in the shortest possible time. Examples of selfless labor were shown by skilled workers: lathe operator Mavrin, who consistently produced four norms daily,

02.03.2022, 22:24

Ethnography

Councils - Important Institutions of Governance for the Kyrgyz Tribe and Clan

Kyrgyz Councils Councils were important institutions of governance for the tribes and clans. Those held at the tribal level were called chon jyiyn, chon top, meaning big council. Decisions were made on a collegial basis, where each participant was required to express their opinion, and the final decision belonged to the supreme biy (manap) of the tribe. During warm weather, councils were held outdoors, in elevated places dёbё (or dёbёge chyguu, which meant to consult). Typically, the beginning

01.03.2022, 22:52

Insects of Kyrgyzstan

Smooth Leaf Beetle - The Complaining Firebug Beetle

Smooth Leaf Beetle - Clytra laeviuscula Ratz. The smooth leaf beetle has orange-red elytra; there is a large rear spot that almost reaches the side edge and the seam; very rarely this spot may be split into two or may be absent. The back of the leaf beetle is convex, almost completely smooth, with a very narrow and smooth groove-like border, highly shiny. The body length is about 12 mm. The head and legs of males and females are of the same size. The legs are short, with thick and straight

01.03.2022, 22:39

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

The Social Structure in Moghulistan

Social Structure The country had a feudal system and land grants. Sources mention the yurts of Kamar ad-Din in the Ili Valley, Enge-tora — Karatal (see above), and Jahan-shah Duglat from Jumgal to the San-Tash Pass. However, under the conditions of invasion (by Timur), conflicts, and internal strife, the feudal lords did not have permanent, clearly defined pastures. There is no data in the sources about other categories of land ownership—absolute property (milk), khan's (inju), waqf, and

28.02.2022, 18:27

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Organization of the Kyrgyz State Women's Pedagogical Institute. Document No. 188 (May 1952)

RESOLUTION OF THE BUREAU OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY (BOLSHEVIKS) OF KYRGYZSTAN "ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE KYRGYZ STATE WOMEN'S PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE" Frunze, May 7, 1952 The Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Kyrgyzstan resolves: To request the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks):

28.02.2022, 18:11

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Rebellion Against the Colonial Foundations of Tsarist Autocracy

National Liberation Uprising The uprising we are interested in took on a religious guise; however, this did not significantly affect the nature of the uprising. The rebels fought against colonial oppression for national freedom, not for the religion of Islam. It is worth noting that the insurgents did not harm Russian peasants who practiced a different religion. They attacked the tsarist military personnel, seeing in them the enforcers of colonial power, not because they were Russian and

27.02.2022, 21:13

Women of Kyrgyzstan / Actors of Kyrgyzstan

Honored Figure of Culture of the Kyrgyz Republic Klara Yusupjanova

Klara Yusupjanova Born on December 29, 1940, in the village of Kara-Suu, Naryn region. She graduated from the Frunze Medical School. There was a time when she combined her work as a nurse, worked for a year as a paramedic, attended evening school, and participated in artistic amateur performances. She dreamed of becoming a director.

27.02.2022, 20:55

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Party Work of O. Tynaev

O. Tynaev's Resume Those who have delved into the history of the country during those years know that frequent shifts, reshuffles, and personnel changes were a favorite method of Stalin's cadre management. In Kyrgyzstan, the situation was complicated by a severe shortage of literate workers from the indigenous population. In an attempt to patch up all the gaps, available personnel were transferred from one position to another. O. Tynaev is no exception. Here is his resume. At the 3rd

26.02.2022, 13:03

"Semetey" in prose

Semetey. Semetey's Trip to Talas. Part - 1

Semetey's Trip to Talas. For several days, without stopping day or night, Semetey traveled and reached the border of Kokand's domain. Here he remembered his mother's words, who warned him not to approach the city of Kokand and to go around it. Despite this, Semetey decided, "Whatever will be, will be," and rode straight through the city of Kokand.

25.02.2022, 12:34

Shabdan Baatyr

Report of the Chief of Khojent District Baron N. Nolde to the Military Governor of Syrdarya Region Major General P. K. Eiler

REPORT OF THE HEAD OF KHOJENT DISTRICT BARON N. NOLDE TO THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF SYRDARYA REGION MAJOR GENERAL P. K. EILER ON THE APPEAL OF THE KOKAND KIRGIZS REQUESTING TO EXPRESS THE RUSSIAN AUTHORITIES' POSITION ON THEIR POSSIBLE REBELLION AGAINST THE KOKAND YOKE City of Khojent, November 2, 1873. Your Excellency Peter Konstantinovich!

24.02.2022, 23:39

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of the Foolish Dzhigit and the Beautiful Wife

THE FOOLISH JIGIT AND THE BEAUTIFUL WIFE There was a wealthy man who had a son. After marrying a beautiful girl, he thought he could live happily ever after, as he had plenty of money, livestock, and a beautiful wife... Time passed. The father died. Soon the wealth left to him by his father was gone. Then the wife said: — The money from your father is finished; you will have to earn a living yourself.

24.02.2022, 22:36

Kurmanjan Datka

Waqf Medrese of Alymbek

Mutawalli of the Waqf Thus, from the mentioned documents, it is clear that Alimbek, having constructed the main canal, distributed land in small plots (in "cheks") to the population with the condition of fulfilling tax obligations in favor of the waqf. Apparently, initially only the household, or in modern terms, the homestead plot of two tanaps was exempt from taxes in the cheking economy. It can be assumed that these tax-exempt plots from each household were not merely a form of

23.02.2022, 14:30

Salads and appetizers

Spicy Salad

SPICY SALAD Spicy salad is a wonderful appetizer that stimulates the appetite. It can be enjoyed as a snack, complemented with bread. It offers a variety of flavors. This salad is quite easy to prepare, making it accessible even for a hostess without culinary experience. Ingredients:

23.02.2022, 13:53

Ethnography

Windows and Doors in the Homes of Southern Kyrgyzstan

Teshik and Eshik In the homes of Southern Kyrgyzstan, it is not difficult to trace the evolution of the light source. All its variations are represented. In the high walls of Pamir-type houses built in the last century, there were no window openings; light entered the room through a smoke hole in the ceiling and the entrance door. Modern houses, on the other hand, are built with large windows, double frames, sills, and carved shutters. In Pamir-type houses, light openings measuring about 20x20

22.02.2022, 21:35

"Semetey" - poetic story

Semetey. The Childhood of Semetey. Part - 3

Childhood of Semetey. Part - 3 Temirkhan had a brother – Sarytaz For seven years he contested the Bukhara throne He caused the death of many people in the process But still, Sarytaz was defeated! As punishment, he was expelled from the palace Sent as a coal burner to the Gultokoy forest Eighty camel loads of coal He must burn with his own hands every month

22.02.2022, 21:21

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

Elections of the City Council in 1928-29.

Work of the City Council The City Council was the highest authority within the city territory. Its activities were aimed at improving the life and living conditions of the population, addressing all local issues, executing resolutions from higher authorities, and adopting and controlling the budget. In terms of urban development, the executive committee of the city council carried out the construction of roads, water supply systems, swamp drainage, city lighting, newly built and opened medical

21.02.2022, 10:07

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

The Formation of Abdikerim's Personality

Master of Political Game Baitik, Uzbek, and Abdikerim were destined to become masters of the political game. While the first believed he should not yield to anyone in military valor, and the second fought primarily through propaganda, diplomacy, and even bribery, the third, being a subtle and observant psychologist, skillfully smoothed over all rough edges, supported friends, swayed the undecided to his side, attracted others with his external appearance and personal charm, sharp mind, and

21.02.2022, 09:56

Kara-Balta - Black Ax

Sharp Decline in Production and Enterprises in Kara-Balta

Life of the City What is the city living on today? We painfully note that the sharp decline in production has also affected our enterprises. Several of them, unable to withstand the new requirements of the reformed economy, have found themselves on the brink of bankruptcy. The toy factory has ceased production, and the industrial complex has drastically reduced its activities. The giant of the republic's light industry, the carpet factory, has stopped. Here, restructuring occurred, and a

20.02.2022, 15:06

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Mobilization National Economic Plan of 1941

First Wartime Plan On June 30, 1941, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR approved the first wartime plan — the mobilization national economic plan for the third quarter of 1941. It envisaged an increase in military production by 26% compared to the quarterly plan of peacetime. Among the priority over-plan constructions for 1941 was the construction of the Tokmak Automobile Repair Plant of the People's Commissariat of Motor Transport of the Kyrgyz SSR and the completion of

19.02.2022, 10:58

Ethnography

Elders in Kyrgyz Society

Elders - Real Power in Kyrgyz Society Before joining Russia, there existed the institution of kurultai. It was convened rarely and only to address momentous issues. A kurultai could be convened by a single tribe independently or by a group of tribes with prior agreement. For instance, in 1825, a kurultai of the Bugyn Kyrgyz was convened in the Zhyrgalan area on the Tyup River (Issyk-Kul), where the question of the Bugyn tribe accepting Russian citizenship was discussed; in 1842, a kurultai was

19.02.2022, 10:26

Insects of Kyrgyzstan

Black Pine Longhorn Beetle - Karagay's Black Moustached

Black Pine Longhorn Beetle - Monochamus galloprovincialis Oll. The body of the beetle is thick, black with a bronze sheen, and has a reddish hairy covering on the pronotum and the underside of the body. The head is covered with closely set reddish hairs, with a narrow longitudinal groove in the middle. Near the antennae, there is a spine-like protrusion on the inner side.

18.02.2022, 19:11

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Cattle Breeding in Moghulistan

Horse Breeding and Sheep Farming Cattle breeding was the main occupation of the population of Mogulistan. Regarding its significance, Mahmud ibn Wali writes: “The everyday means of their existence, both in food and clothing, are horses and sheep, especially horse meat and horse milk, called kumis, (as well as) the wool and skin of these animals. The existence of the leaders of the tribes also depends on them.” From this account, it is evident that the main branches of cattle breeding were

18.02.2022, 18:32

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Organization of the Construction of the Evening Machine Engineering Technical School. Document No. 187 (March 1951)

RESOLUTION OF THE BUREAU OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY (BOLSHEVIKS) OF KYRGYZSTAN "ON THE ORGANIZATION OF AN EVENING MACHINE ENGINEERING TECHNICAL SCHOOL IN THE CITY OF FRUNZE" City of Frunze, March 27, 1951. Considering the increased need for managerial and engineering-technical personnel at the plant No. 60 of the Ministry of Armaments and the Frunze Agricultural Machinery Plant of the Ministry of Agricultural Machinery, the necessity to raise the technical level

17.02.2022, 11:34

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Who is Madali Ishan?

Military Prosecutor of the Turkestan Military District Court, Major General Dolinsky on Madali Ishan Madali Ishan was a representative of the working class. He was born in 1853 in the village of Min-Tyube in the Margilan district. The military prosecutor of the Turkestan Military District Court, Major General Dolinsky, who interrogated Madali Ishan and sentenced him to death by hanging in his report dated August 21, 1898, wrote: "His father (Madali Ishan's—K.U.) Muhammad Sabyr was a

17.02.2022, 11:25

Women of Kyrgyzstan

Toktakhunova Samarbyu

Toktakhunova Samarbyu Samarbyu Toktakhunova, a soloist-instrumentalist of the Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments named after Karamoldo Orozov, is an outstanding komuz player and educator, a People's Artist of the USSR and the Kyrgyz SSR, a laureate of the State Prize named after Toktogul and the Lenin Komsomol Prize of Kyrgyzstan, a laureate of the XI World Festival of Youth and Students in Havana, a laureate of the first International Festival "Voices of Asia" in Almaty,

17.02.2022, 00:19

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

The Life and Tragedy of Osmon Tynaev

Russian-Indigenous School in Kyrgyzstan Osmon Tynaev It is known that alongside such political labels of Stalinist origin as "Abdrahmanovshchina" and "Silykovshchina," in the 1930s, the term "Tynaevshchina" was widely used, instilling fear in ideologically "virgin" communists. Osmon Tynaev was born in 1904 in the village of Kungey, Ak-Suu volost of the Karakol district (now the village of Temirovka in the Issyk-Kul region). "My parents," Osmon

16.02.2022, 23:31

"Semetey" in prose

Semetey. The Childhood Years of Semetey. Part - 3

The Childhood Years of Semetey. Part - 3 The news that Semetey had returned in anger and was lying at the gates quickly reached the ears of Temir-khan and Ismail. Hearing this news, Temir-khan hurriedly ran to the place in fear. After slaughtering a calf, he began to persuade Semetey. But Semetey did not open his closed eyes and continued to lie still. Then Temir-khan and Ismail invited the mullahs, and they began to recite prayers for him, but Semetey still lay with his eyes closed.

15.02.2022, 21:27