History / Historical records

"Si-yu-chi" about the Kyrgyz

Protoichkiliks and Arka These accounts may refer to the separation of a certain part of the tribes of the right wing of Arka (the combination of the right and left wings) and the formation of a separate group of Kyrgyz, which could later form the core of the clan-tribal group of the Kyrgyz people known as ichkilik. Perhaps they were also mentioned in the "Majmu at-tavarikh" as a group of tribes called Bul(a)gachi. Incidentally, according to the same accounts provided by B. Soltonoev,

24.08.2017, 23:00

History / Historical records

Kyrgyz of the Right and Left Wing

Ichkiliki and Arkalyki. The name "Ichkiliki" may have originated from the ancient Turkic word "ichik" — gravitating (to the center) and the word "el" — people, community, i.e., ichik — el (il) — lik, ichikillik, ichkiliki — meaning — gravitating (to the center) (i.e., to the Kyrgyz of the right and left wing) people, el. However, "Ichkiliki" could also come from "ichik (ichki)" — internal, and the word "el" (il) — people, community,

24.08.2017, 22:00

History / Historical records

Protoichiliks, a part of the Kyrgyz people

Muhammad Haider refers to the Kyrgyz as "the forest (wild) lions of Moghulistan." It is likely that at this time the "Central Asian" Kyrgyz primarily inhabited the forested areas of the Tian Shan and the adjacent lands. The resettlement of the "Central Asian" Kyrgyz to the southwest, into the interior regions of Moghulistan, was accompanied to some extent by the subjugation of local tribes and clans. In the 16th century or later, a group of protoichiliks likely

24.08.2017, 21:00

History / Historical records

"Central Asian" Kyrgyz Nomads

Ulus Inga-Tyuri During military clashes, it appears that part of the "Central Asian" Kyrgyz from the right wing either migrated or was taken to the interior regions of Moghulistan and was evidently referred to as Mongols. The first mentions of them are found in written sources from the 15th century. In the "Zafarnama" (first half of the 15th century), Sharaf ad-Din Yazdi, in the account of "Timur's dispatch of troops against the Jete," these Kyrgyz were

24.08.2017, 21:00

History / Historical records

Kyrgyz in the Mongolian Period

Usy, Han-Hena, and Yilanzhou In the "Yuan-Shi," in relation to the land of the Kyrgyz, three regions are also mentioned: Usy, Han-Hena, and Yilanzhou. The region of Usy was located "to the east of the Kyrgyz and to the north of the Kyan River (Kem, Yenisei) and received its name from another river; it likely refers to the Us River. Even further east was the region of Han-Hena, where the Kem River flowed and from where two mountain passes led out; skis were used here in winter.

24.08.2017, 20:00

History / Historical records

"Chan-Chun and 'Yuan-Shi' on the Kyrgyz"

In 1123, the Chinese hermit Chan-Chun, while in the Altai region, "heard there that the country of Qian-Qian-zhu is located to the northwest, over 1000 li (about 500 versts) away." It does not matter what the aforementioned territory was called; what is important is that it refers to the northwestern part of Altai as belonging to the Kyrgyz. This information confirms the assertion that the western part of the Kyrgyz country extended to the Priirtyshye (the Ob-Irtysh interfluve). As

24.08.2017, 18:52

History / Historical records

"Central Asian" Kyrgyz

Kyrgyz Inhabitants of the Irtysh and Altai Regions? In this case, the area of "Kyrgyz" could have consisted of "Central Asian" and "Eastern" Kyrgyz, as well as other tribes and clans. Nevertheless, the "Central Asian" Kyrgyz likely occupied the western regions of the Kyrgyz country at that time. In "Si-shi-ji" (13th century), the Kyrgyz are already mentioned as inhabitants of the Irtysh and Altai regions. Obviously, these reports referred to

24.08.2017, 18:00

History / Historical records

Kyrgyz in the "Collection of Chronicles"

Rashid ad-Din on the "Kyrgyz Tribe" According to Rashid ad-Din's information about the "Kyrgyz tribe," it is stated in the "Collection of Chronicles" that "Kyrgyz and Këm-Këmjiut are two adjacent regions; both constitute one dominion (mamlakat). Këm-Këmjiut is a large river, one side of which borders the territory of the Mongols (Moghulistan), and one (its) boundary is with the Selenga River, where the Taichiut tribes reside; one side borders the (basin

24.08.2017, 17:00

History / Historical records

Abul-Ghazi "Genealogy of the Turks"

Abul-Ghazi on the 12th Century Abul-Ghazi, in the chapter "On the People of China," writes: "There are two Chinas: one of them is called Kara-Kitai. Many families of the Kara-Kitai, for some reason, rebelled against their rulers and, fleeing from there, moved to the Kyrgyz Lands." He further writes: "Considering the local inhabitants as newcomers, they began to steal cattle from them, and therefore could not settle there, moving to the land of Idil (most likely

24.08.2017, 15:33

History / Historical records

"Progenitor" of the Kyrgyz Ethnicity of the 12th Century

Ibrahim ibn Ahmed and Anal-Hakk Thus, the "progenitor" of the Kyrgyz ethnicity of the 12th century was evidently Ibrahim ibn Ahmed. Subsequently, he likely transformed into Anal-Hakk. According to the earliest reports, the progenitor of the Kyrgyz people was Anal-Hakk. Legends and traditions about this have survived to this day. The leader of the Kyrgyz right wing and, accordingly, the son of Anal-Hakk was Lur-khan. Only after him comes Ughuz-Kara-khan, who was at one time the head

24.08.2017, 15:00

History / Historical records

"The Great Campaign" Against the Kara-Kitai

The Basis of the “Great Campaign” in the Epic of “Manas” According to Ibn al-Asir (“Kitab alara-kitai kamil fit-tarikh”), in 1128, the Kara-Kitai invaded the territories of the Eastern Karakhanids, but they were defeated by the great khan Ahmed. After that, he died and his place was taken by Ibrahim, his son. The defeated parts of the Kara-Kitai, led by Yeluy Dashi, likely fled to Orkhon, where in the fortress of Khotun they gathered 20,000 veteran warriors, replenishing their numbers with

24.08.2017, 14:20

History / Historical records

The Last Eastern Qarakhanid Khans

The Last Eastern Karakhanid Khans. According to the information from "Majmu at-Tawarikh," Imam Ibrahim ibn Ahmed can be identified with the supreme khan of the Eastern Karakhanids, Ibrahim ibn Ahmed, although in the image of Imam Ibrahim ibn Ahmed, one can also see certain traits that would be characteristic of the father of the aforementioned supreme khan of the Eastern Karakhanids, the great khan Ahmed. The time of the reign of the head of the Eastern Karakhanids, Ibrahim ibn

22.08.2017, 21:00

History / Historical records

Two Wings "Ong" and "Sol"

Legends. In the first half of the 12th century, it is likely that the "Karakhanid" Kyrgyz reunited with the aforementioned "Pre-Irtysh" Kyrgyz (who already inhabited the Tian Shan) into a single ethnic community. This could represent a union of the tribes of the right wing (Ong-kanat) and the left wing (Sol-kanat). The right wing could have been composed of the "Karakhanid" Kyrgyz (Kara-Kyrgyz), which may have also included some tribes from among the Karakhanid

22.08.2017, 20:00

History / Historical records

"Priirtysh Kyrgyz"

«Priirtysh» Kyrgyz. In "Taba al-khayvan," Marwazi (12th century), in the section about Turkic tribes, it is stated: "Among them (the Turks) are also the Kyrgyz: a numerous people living between the summer east and the north; the Kimaks live in the north, while the Yagma and Karluks are on the western borders (of these) Kyrgyz, whereas Kucha and Ark are located on the southwestern borders (of these) Kyrgyz. The Kyrgyz usually burned the bodies of the deceased, believing that fire

22.08.2017, 19:30

History / Historical records

Kara-Kyrgyz and Balasagun

Balasagun One of the capitals of the Karakhanid state was the city of Balasagun, located in the Chui Valley. The question of the origin and semantics of the name of this city is one of the complex and very interesting topics. According to Mahmud of Kashgar (11th century), the term "sagun" was used among the Karluks, which was a title for noble people. It is known that among the ancient Turks, the word "balyk" (balyg) meant city, capital, residence, "as the Turks called

22.08.2017, 18:30

History / Historical records

"Descendants of Afrasiab" and the Ilek Khans

“Descendants of Afrasiab” and Ilek-khans In the surviving Eastern written sources, the Karakhanid dynasty is also referred to as the “descendants (or clans) of Afrasiab.” According to Iranian beliefs, the mythical king of Turan (the land of the Turks) was Afrasiab. Therefore, the Samanids could refer to the population of the “Talas” biilik (domain) and the dynasty that headed it in this way. After all, the proto-Karakhanids were in close relations with the Samanid state, and thus, even at that

22.08.2017, 17:47

History / Historical records

Turkic Authority

Turkic Beilik In the work "Hudud al-'alam," the word "Turk" appears as the name of a tribe or some ethnic community. It is quite possible that here we encounter a mention of the proto-Qarakhanids, which, in turn, may support the idea that the population of the "Talas" beilik (domain) already referred to themselves with the term "Turk." This domain can also be referred to as the "Turkic" beilik. Incidentally, in one place in "Hudud

22.08.2017, 16:58

History / Historical records

Chigili

Chigili. Chinese sources from the mid-7th century, as part of the Karluk union, mention certain — zhisi, who lived between the Tashlaks and Bulats, reaching the desert areas of Dzungaria in the south. If the reconstruction of zhisi as — chigili is correct, then the chigili mentioned in medieval sources in the regions of Ili and Northern Preissykul could have been them. Perhaps later, a group of these chigili could have migrated to the Taraz area and lived in a city that might have derived its

22.08.2017, 16:44

Sculpture

The Original Associative Thinking and Artistic-Plastic Mastery of S. Aitieva

Mosaic of Satyr Aitiev The mosaic by Satyr Aitiev on the laboratory building of the Kyrgyz State University is imbued with the metaphorical nature of its image-plastic language and exceptional richness of pictorial form. The artist brought into this monumental form the experience of his easel painting, characterized by its coloristic and textural refinement, as well as the allegorical content. The central composition, "Path of Enlightenment," occupies a large area of the protruding

22.08.2017, 15:30

Sculpture

Famous Masters of Kyrgyz Easel Art

Mosaic Masters. In the 1980s, Momunbek Akmatkulov began working in the field of monumental painting. He created a mosaic made of smalt (1980) that blends into the environment on the building of the Republican Sports Profile Boarding School and a mosaic on the facade of the administrative building of the Orto-Tokoy Reservoir Management (1983), as well as stained glass that decorates the interiors of the "Ocean" café (1984) and the building of the State Security Committee of the Kyrgyz

22.08.2017, 14:44

Sculpture

Active Multifaceted Monumentalist Dzhyldyz Moldakhmatov

Clarity of the creative task presentation. As an active multifaceted monumental artist, Jyldyz Moldakhmatov asserts himself, having graduated in 1972 from the Moscow Higher Artistic and Industrial School (formerly Stroganov School). The mural he created in the interior of the Kyrgyz State Circus building (1978) speaks of a clear understanding of the creative task, emotionality, and the artist's coloristic gift, as well as an understanding of architectural genre and style. The mural,

22.08.2017, 13:58

Sculpture

Wall painting, mosaic, panels, reliefs by A. N. Kamensky

The Versatility of Alexei Nikolaevich Kamensky. Alexei Nikolaevich Kamensky has developed into a unique master of monumental painting, participating in the creation of several significant architectural and artistic ensembles as a monumental artist with a broad professional culture, a sense of color, rhythm, and spatial harmony. He has also made a vibrant mark in easel painting, decorative sculpture, and ceramics. In his early mosaic "Song" (1965) in the concert hall of the Frunze

22.08.2017, 10:21

Sculpture

The Creative Face in the Field of Monumental Painting of Yevgeny Stepanovich Gerdyuk

The Independence of Artistic Thinking of Yevgeny Stepanovich Herdyuk. Yevgeny Stepanovich Herdyuk has his own creative identity in the field of monumental painting. He arrived in Kyrgyzstan in the 1960s, taught at the Frunze Art College for more than ten years, worked for several years as deputy director, and then as director, nurturing dozens of artists who now contribute to the development of the art of environmental design. He most often creates multi-figure compositions in various

22.08.2017, 09:30

Sculpture

The Narrative Type of Figurative-Plastic Thinking of Theodore Theodorevich Herzen

New Trends in Herzen's Creativity While S. Bakashev represents the decorative direction of Kyrgyz painting, Teodor Teodorovich Herzen is distinguished by a narrative type of figurative-plastic thinking. He works in a strictly realistic manner, infusing his images with specific life content. A landmark work of monumental painting in Kyrgyzstan in the 1960s was T. Herzen's monumental fresco "Rest" (1967) in the foyer of the Ilyich State Farm club in the Kemin district. Here,

21.08.2017, 19:19

Sculpture

Original Artist Sabitjan Bakashev

Painter and easel artist S. Bakashev with a heightened sense of plasticity Sabitjan Bakashev possesses a vividly decorative vision of pictorial form, typically linking the search for artistic expressiveness with the spatial interaction of painting and architecture. Like other monumentalists, he participated in group projects (alongside A. Voronin, A. Kamensky, Z. Khabibulin, I. Chokoev, and others), for example, in the artistic design of the "Kyrgyzstan" cinema in Moscow, the circus

21.08.2017, 18:33

Sculpture

The Development of Monumental Painting in Kyrgyzstan

Diversity of Monumental Painting and Decorative Plastic Arts. In the 1960s, the traditional narrative line in monumental painting continued to develop, maintaining the principles of figurative thinking and compositional-plastic construction established in the ceiling paintings of the Kyrgyz State Opera and Ballet Theater, created in the 1950s. This direction is represented by the smalt mosaic-stele by A. Mikhalev titled "Meeting of Guests" (1963), installed at the entrance to the

20.08.2017, 17:57

Sculpture

New Synthesis of Plastic Arts with Architecture in Frunze

Harmoniously solved tasks by a team of painters. In the first half of the 1960s, the team in Frunze created decorative compositions in the technique of sgraffito in the interiors of the cafes "Son-Kul" and "Yunost", the "Ala-Too" hotel, and reliefs made of foam concrete in the foyer of the "Oktyabr" cinema, which drew public attention to the tasks of artistic organization of the environment and the issues of new synthesis of plastic arts with

20.08.2017, 16:23

Sculpture

Monumental Painting of the Kyrgyz People

Creative Team on a Breakthrough to Kyrgyzstan The period under consideration is a time of intense development in Kyrgyzstan of all forms of monumental art, including monumental painting, which is an essential component of new architectural and artistic ensembles, fulfilling social functions defined by Lenin's plan for monumental propaganda. It embodies the content of the multifaceted Soviet reality, labor, spiritual and moral issues, and the fundamental ideas of socialist society.

20.08.2017, 15:30

Sculpture

Sculpture Park in Bishkek

Opening of the Sculpture Park in Frunze. The opening of new opportunities for sculptors in the republic in the field of monumental-decorative plastic art is facilitated by the practice of holding sculpture symposiums. In 1984, an inter-republican plein air sculpture event took place in Frunze. The stone works (limestone), created by sculptors representing various plastic schools of the country, as well as sculptures donated to the republic from the funds of the Ministry of Culture and the

20.08.2017, 14:26

Sculpture

Memorial-Decorative Genre of Tombstones in Kyrgyzstan

The Beginning of the Development of the Tombstone Genre. In the last decade, the development of the traditional memorial-decorative genre of tombstones in the art of sculpture has begun in Kyrgyzstan. For several years, sculptor 3. Khabibulin worked on the tombstone of the brilliant Kyrgyz ballerina B. Beishenaliev, who left this world too soon. The sculptor took his task very seriously and decided to create a figure for the first time in the memorial plastic of Kyrgyzstan, relating it to the

20.08.2017, 12:58

Sculpture

Monumental-Decorative Sculpture of Kyrgyz Masters

Design Solutions for Public Areas A creative success of Khabibulina in the field of monumental-decorative plastic is the decorative composition-fountain in the resort city of Cholpon-Ata (1982, copper, architect K. Abdrakov). The crowning structure of the fountain, a decoratively interpreted figure of a woman seemingly frozen in the rhythm of dance, is plastic, exquisitely graceful, and brings a note of emotionality to the environment. It complements and aesthetically enriches the

20.08.2017, 11:49

Sculpture

Complex of Sculptural Works in the Talas Region

Complex of sculptural works at the Kirov Reservoir in the Talas region. A significant milestone in the development of monumental art in the republic was the large complex of sculptural works at the Kirov Reservoir in the Talas region (1975—1983), created by a group of artists (V. Shestopal, T. Gertsen, V. Dimov). A thematic bas-relief has been created on the retaining wall of the dam — an elaborate multi-figure narrative about the life of the workers of Kyrgyzstan. The composition of the

20.08.2017, 10:38

Sculpture

Sculptural-Architectural Complex "Manas"

Largest Ensemble of Monumental-Decorative Sculpture The largest work of ensemble monumental-decorative sculpture in the republic is the sculptural and architectural complex "Manas" (1982, sculptor T. Sadykov, architect A. Pechenkina), embodied in stone and forged copper. This extensive spatial composition adjoins the simultaneously erected building of the Kyrgyz State Philharmonic, decorated with stained glass on the theme of national ornamentation. It organizes one of the central

20.08.2017, 09:51

Sculpture

Monumental-Decorative Sculpture in Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz Monumental-Decorative Genre. In the process of fulfilling the socio-aesthetic functions of Soviet monumental art in the life of a developed socialist society, its genre-stylistic explorations are increasingly unfolding. Alongside the creation of monuments that carry relevant propaganda-artistic content and serve as the most effective force in monumental propaganda, diverse branches of monumental-decorative plastic are developing, enhancing their urban planning and spatial-forming roles.

19.08.2017, 21:20

Sculpture

Monumental-Pathetic Representation of Lenin in the Sculpture by T. Sadykov

Monument of national significance. T. Sadykov has completed the work on the monument to F. E. Dzerzhinsky for the city of Frunze. The half-figure of the "Knight of the Revolution" seems to emerge from the dynamic form of flames — a symbol of that socially charged time. The emotionally and broadly carved granite likeness of Dzerzhinsky captivates with its willful steadfastness and the beauty of high human feelings. Here, the sculptor once again demonstrated his love for working with

19.08.2017, 20:31

Sculpture

The Founder of Systematic Science in Kyrgyzstan

Bronze Monument In the late 1970s, a competition was held in the republic to create a monument to K. I. Skryabin, Hero of Socialist Labor, member of three all-Union academies (Academy of Sciences of the USSR, VASKHNIIL, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR), honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz and Uzbek SSR, and a full and honorary member of the academies of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, the GDR, Yugoslavia, France, and scientific societies in the USA, the UK,

19.08.2017, 13:00

Sculpture

Portrait Monuments of Broad International Significance in Kyrgyzstan

Images of an Epic Scale. In the 1970s, T. Sadykov created a granite monument—a bust of the twice Hero of Socialist Labor Z. Kainazarova (architect V. Kurbatov), which was installed on one of the most beautiful streets of the capital—Dzerzhinsky Avenue—while this famous Kyrgyz sugar beet grower was still alive. She provided the country with record harvests and raised six orphans from the war. In this simple and strong woman from the people, the sculptor saw a bright and integral nature. In the

19.08.2017, 12:00

Sculpture

The Monumentality of the Image of Toktogul

Portrait Monument of Toktogul. In the 1970s and 1980s, the portrait monument developed more multifacetedly in various sculptural materials. Monuments were created for revolutionaries, public figures, labor heroes, scientists, and writers, in whose images the main features of our era, its ideological and creative pathos, are concentrated. The issue of erecting a monument to Toktogul in Frunze was raised again. As a result of a republican competition, the authors of the monument became G.

19.08.2017, 11:00

Sculpture

Sculptural-Architectural Complex of the Victory Monument

Three-part sculptural composition of the monument. A new step in the monumental art of the republic in the development of the theme was the sculptural and architectural complex of the Victory monument in Frunze, built for the 40th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet people over fascist Germany (sculptors T. Sadykov, M. Anikushin, architects V. Lyzenko, V. Bukhaev, with the participation of architects E. Hertel, Z. Shambetov, A. Novolelinskiy, and others). The monument serves as the

19.08.2017, 10:30

Sculpture

Memorial Complex in Honor of the Hero of the Soviet Union Cholponbay Tuleberdiev

No one is forgotten... An original structure is the memorial complex in honor of the Hero of the Soviet Union Cholponbay Tuleberdiev in his homeland in the village of Chimbkent, Talas region, created by sculptor Z. Khabibulin and architect D. Yrysqulov (1982), awarded the Silver Medal named after A. M. Grekov. The complex unites into a single whole the monument to Ch. Tuleberdiev, the building of the memorial museum dedicated to the memory of fallen fellow villagers, and steles with figurative

18.08.2017, 23:00

Sculpture

Memorial Monuments to the Heroes of the Great Patriotic War in Kyrgyzstan

Monumental Form of Commemorating the Fallen Heroes. An important place in the monumental sculpture of Kyrgyzstan in the 70s and 80s is occupied by memorial monuments that develop the theme of remembering the fallen and the heroism of the people's feat during the Great Patriotic War, the theme of the victory of the Soviet people over fascism. During these years, in the republic, as in all Soviet art, the monumental form of commemorating the fallen heroes is established —

18.08.2017, 22:29

Sculpture

Monument "To the Fighters of the Revolution," created by sculptor T. Sadykov

Monument "To the Fighters of the Revolution" The greatest achievement of Kyrgyz monumental art in the 1970s was the widely recognized monument "To the Fighters of the Revolution" (1978, bronze, granite), created by sculptor T. Sadykov (architect G. Kutateladze). In terms of significance and emotional intensity of its ideological and artistic content, the monument was classified among the outstanding achievements of Soviet monumental art. For its creation, T. Sadykov was

17.08.2017, 11:00

Sculpture

Kyrgyz Monumental Sculpture of the Seventies (1970s)

Monumentalists of the New Generation in Kyrgyzstan In the 1970s, with the arrival of sculptors and monumentalists of a new generation in Kyrgyz art, monumental sculpture began to develop more intensively. Expanding its ideological and thematic range and sphere of influence, it was enriched with large-scale works. The rising level of monumental propaganda in the republic is especially noticeable in the capital. The appearance of works of national significance was marked in the first half of the

17.08.2017, 10:00

Sculpture

Kyrgyz Monumental Sculpture of the Sixties (1960s)

Multi-figure monuments in monumental sculpture. In the 1960s, the development of multi-figure monuments in monumental plastic art began. In 1963, V. A. Puzirevsky (with the participation of G. Tupoy) created a two-figure monumental composition — a monument to the heroes of the Komsomol of the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars on the Young Guard Avenue in Frunze. In the rhythm of a marching step, a Russian Red Army soldier from the 1920s and a soldier of the Great Patriotic War — a son of the

17.08.2017, 09:00

Sculpture

Kyrgyz Monuments in Bronze and Granite

Monuments to the heroes of the revolution. One of the successful plastic embodiments of the heroic image of a fighter for the establishment of Soviet power is the bust of the hero of the Civil War, a worker-revolutionary, chairman of the district-city committee of the RCP(b) in Kyrgyzstan, who led the fight against the Belyovodsk uprising in 1918, A. Ivanitsin, sculpted by N. I. Lodyagin. The bronze bust, resting on a round granite pedestal, is installed on Dzerzhinsky Avenue. Created in the

17.08.2017, 08:00

Sculpture

Sculptural Monuments. Toktogul Satylganov

The monument to Toktogul Satylganov— the greatest representative of Kyrgyz culture. In the 1960s, the issue of creating a monument to Toktogul Satylganov — the greatest representative of Kyrgyz culture during a pivotal era, whose work is inextricably linked to national folklore and became the starting point for Kyrgyz professional literature — continued to concern the sculptors of the republic. The image of Toktogul, a talented poet and musician, a singer of the revolution, a man who did not

17.08.2017, 07:00

Sculpture

Sculptural Monuments. Togolok Moldo

Sculptural Monuments. Togolok Moldo In the monumental sculpture of Kyrgyzstan, which began to be created en masse in the 1960s, the form of the portrait monument develops in its early stages, commemorating the memory of outstanding figures of national history and culture. In 1965, in Frunze, the oldest sculptor of Kyrgyzstan, O. Manuilova, created a bust monument to the national poet, one of the founders of Kyrgyz Soviet literature, Togolok Moldo, which was installed in one of the central

17.08.2017, 06:00

Writers of Kyrgyzstan

Dramatist, Translator Kasymbek Eshmambetov

Dramatist and translator K. Eshmambetov was born in the village of Orto-Sai (now in the Alamedin district of the Kyrgyz SSR) to a peasant family. Until 1920, he studied at a rural school, and in 1930, he graduated from the Kyrgyz Pedagogical Technical School in Frunze. From 1930 to 1932, he worked as a teacher at the Frunze Medical Technical School, from 1933 to 1936 at the Financial Technical School, and from 1936 to 1937 as the director of the Construction Technical School.

16.08.2017, 21:00