Fish
Issyk-Kul Scaleless Osman / Kök Chaar, Ala Buga
Issyk-Kul Scaleless Osman Status: 2 [CR: D]. Lake form, very rare, critically endangered. Endemic, has higher growth rates compared to other forms.
29.08.2017, 07:00
Issyk-Kul Scaleless Osman Status: 2 [CR: D]. Lake form, very rare, critically endangered. Endemic, has higher growth rates compared to other forms.
Issyk-Kul Marinka Status: 2 [EN: D]. A rare taxon inhabiting Lake Issyk-Kul. Its independent species status was established in 1953 [10]. An endemic species with declining numbers, it has commercial significance.
Turkestan Barbel Status: 2 [VU: D]. A subspecies that is endangered in Kyrgyzstan. One of the representatives of the genus Barbus in Kyrgyzstan.
Aral Barbel Status: 2 [CR: C]. Species extinct in Kyrgyzstan.
Chuy Ostroluchka Status: 2 [CR: C]. Possibly already extinct in Kyrgyzstan, an endemic subspecies [10].
Pike Asp Status: 2 [CR: A]. Listed in the Red Book of the Kyrgyz SSR in 1984. A rare species inhabiting the basins of the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers. In Kyrgyzstan, there have been no recorded catches in recent years. It may already be extinct. An endemic species of Central Asia with commercial significance.
Iridodictyum Kolpakovski Status: VU. A species with a reducing range and population. It deserves attention as an early-flowering plant for squares and parks that does not require watering.
Orchid-like Juno Status: VU. Endemic to the Western and Northern Tien Shan.
Zenaida’s Tulip Status: VU. A narrowly endemic species of the Kyrgyz Ridge, at risk of rapidly disappearing due to limited habitat area.
Quadrifolious Tulip Status: VU. Endemic to the Inner Tien Shan.
Pink Tulip Status: EN. A narrowly endemic species of the foothills of the Turkestan Range, sharply declining in numbers. The species is on the brink of extinction; its further existence is impossible without urgent conservation measures.
Broad-stamened Tulip Status: VU. A narrow endemic of the Alai Ridge.
Ostrovski’s Tulip Status: VU. A narrowly endemic species of the Kyrgyz and Zailiysky ranges. It deserves attention as a highly decorative plant and as a material for breeding.
Korolkov’s Tulip, shiny Status: VU. Endemic to Central Asia, primarily found in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (Western Tien Shan, Pamir-Alai). A rare, highly decorative plant.
Kolpakovski’s Tulip Status: VU. An endemic of the Northern Tien Shan with a decreasing population. An early-flowering tulip, distinguished by the beauty of its flower.
Kaufmann’s Tulip Status: VU. An endemic species of the Western Tien Shan. Highly decorative: the most beautiful, early-flowering tulip of Kyrgyzstan. Characterized by high intraspecific variability. Widely used in breeding.
Greig’s Tulip / Тюльпан Греига, тюльпан пестролистный Status: EN. A species with declining numbers and shrinking range. Central Asian endemic. A plant of high ornamental value, it is of exceptional importance for green construction, floriculture, and the breeding of new varieties of cultivated tulips.
Chatkal Yellow Tulip Status: VU. An endemic species of the Chatkal Ridge with a decreasing population. The most beautiful of the yellow-flowered tulips in Kyrgyzstan. Promising for cultivation.
Related Tulip Status: VU. Endemic species of the northern Pamir-Alai. The species is at risk of complete extinction.
Eduard’s Imperial Crown Status: EN B1ab(i,ii,iv,v). In Kyrgyzstan - the only one of three very locally distributed species of the genus, at the northern limit of distribution, detached from the main range. As a highly decorative species with a decreasing range and population due to anthropogenic factors, it is included in several regional red books.
Semenov’s Onion Status: VU. Endemic to the Inner Tien Shan.
Pskem Onion Status: EN. A very rare species with a shrinking range in the Western Tien Shan. Description. A perennial plant reaching 40 - 80 cm in height. Bulbs are found in groups on a short rhizome, 4 - 5 cm thick, covered externally with black-brown and internally with red-brown tunics. The stem is swollen. Leaves are tubular, cylindrical, in number 3, shorter than the stem. The umbel is spherical, with the spathe nearly equal to the umbel. Flowers are white, about 6 mm long. It differs
Twelve-dentate Onion Status: VU. A narrowly endemic species of the Chatkal Ridge. Description. A perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, geophyte, xeromesophyte. Bulbs are solitary, round, 8-10 (12) mm in diameter, with gray paper-like tunics. Bulbils are solitary, smooth. Stems are 60 - 80 cm tall, 1.5 - 5 mm in diameter, ribbed, covered at the base with leaf sheaths. There are 2 leaves, flat, 2.5 - 6 mm wide, rough-edged. The inflorescence is hemispherical or nearly round, dense, multi-flowered.
Eremurus Zenaidae Status: VU. Endemic to the lower and middle belts of the Fergana and Alai mountain ranges.
Eremurus zoae Status: VU. A narrowly endemic species of the Kyrgyz Range.
Regel’s Eminium Status: VU. A rare endemic species of the Western Tien Shan.
Semenov’s Fir-tree Status: VU. A relic endemic of the Western Tien Shan. Ornamental.
Tien Shan Scutiger Scutiger tianschanicus A. Bond. Status: CR. Very rare, almost endemic species.
Dog Stinkhorn Mutinus caninus (Huds. ex Pers.) Fr. Status: EN. A decorative species, used in folk medicine.
Doubled Netted Stinkhorn Dictyophora duplicata (Bosc.) E. Fisch Status: EN. Rare species. The only representative of the genus Dictyophora in the CIS territory. Used in traditional medicine.
Ancient People — Kyrgyz The Kyrgyz, whose roots go deep into antiquity, lost in the darkness of millennia, hold many secrets and mysteries. The end of the 3rd century BC is only the first mention of the Kyrgyz, which by no means indicates that they originated at that time. Who knows what path of historical development the ancient Kyrgyz went through before their first appearance in written sources. Neither the time nor the place of their origin is known, and who they were at all?
“The Kyrgyz Tribe Named Itself Oghuz-Khan” The clan-tribal structure of the Kyrgyz of the right and left wings reveals many similarities with a similar division among the Oghuz. Rashid ad-Din provides the military division of all Oghuz into a right and left wing (which were also called Buzuk and Uchuk), with 12 tribes in each. Researchers evidently interpret the name — Uchuk, as deriving from the Turkic — uch — three, and — ok (uk) — arrow (another meaning — generation, subdivision, kin,
Mogol-Khan and His Children In general, medieval authors were often inclined to creatively process materials they knew from earlier sources, mixing them with various other reports and expressing their interpretations. For instance, Gardizi (11th century), based on information from an unknown work by Ibn Muqaffa (8th century) about the 'Eastern' Kyrgyz and data about the origin of the Kyrgyz from the Oghuz, provides his own interpretation, composing a legend about the origin of the
Ibrahim ibn Ahmed. This may refer to events related to the struggle of the great khan Ahmed, the head of the Eastern Karakhanids, against the Karakhanids in the first half of the 12th century, the creation of the Kyrgyz unions of the right — Ong and left — Sol wings, the defeat of the Karakhanids who invaded the territories of the Eastern Karakhanids, and his death. The great khan Ahmed defeated the Karakhanids in 1128. In 1127, according to the "Majmu' al-Tawarikh," he created
Writings of "Shajarat al-Atrak" In the anonymous work "Shajarat al-Atrak," which represents a reworking of the lost manuscript "Tarikh-i Arba-i Ulas," "usually attributed to Ulugh Beg," the following legend is recounted. "A thousand years after the death of Oghuz Khan, during the reign of Ilkhan ibn Tengiz Khan, Shah Afridun-Tur ibn Faridun, with numerous armies, set out for Maverranahr and Turkestan. At that time, Suyunch Khan, who was the eighth
Protoichkiliks and Arka These accounts may refer to the separation of a certain part of the tribes of the right wing of Arka (the combination of the right and left wings) and the formation of a separate group of Kyrgyz, which could later form the core of the clan-tribal group of the Kyrgyz people known as ichkilik. Perhaps they were also mentioned in the "Majmu at-tavarikh" as a group of tribes called Bul(a)gachi. Incidentally, according to the same accounts provided by B. Soltonoev,
Ichkiliki and Arkalyki. The name "Ichkiliki" may have originated from the ancient Turkic word "ichik" — gravitating (to the center) and the word "el" — people, community, i.e., ichik — el (il) — lik, ichikillik, ichkiliki — meaning — gravitating (to the center) (i.e., to the Kyrgyz of the right and left wing) people, el. However, "Ichkiliki" could also come from "ichik (ichki)" — internal, and the word "el" (il) — people, community,
Muhammad Haider refers to the Kyrgyz as "the forest (wild) lions of Moghulistan." It is likely that at this time the "Central Asian" Kyrgyz primarily inhabited the forested areas of the Tian Shan and the adjacent lands. The resettlement of the "Central Asian" Kyrgyz to the southwest, into the interior regions of Moghulistan, was accompanied to some extent by the subjugation of local tribes and clans. In the 16th century or later, a group of protoichiliks likely
Ulus Inga-Tyuri During military clashes, it appears that part of the "Central Asian" Kyrgyz from the right wing either migrated or was taken to the interior regions of Moghulistan and was evidently referred to as Mongols. The first mentions of them are found in written sources from the 15th century. In the "Zafarnama" (first half of the 15th century), Sharaf ad-Din Yazdi, in the account of "Timur's dispatch of troops against the Jete," these Kyrgyz were
Usy, Han-Hena, and Yilanzhou In the "Yuan-Shi," in relation to the land of the Kyrgyz, three regions are also mentioned: Usy, Han-Hena, and Yilanzhou. The region of Usy was located "to the east of the Kyrgyz and to the north of the Kyan River (Kem, Yenisei) and received its name from another river; it likely refers to the Us River. Even further east was the region of Han-Hena, where the Kem River flowed and from where two mountain passes led out; skis were used here in winter.
In 1123, the Chinese hermit Chan-Chun, while in the Altai region, "heard there that the country of Qian-Qian-zhu is located to the northwest, over 1000 li (about 500 versts) away." It does not matter what the aforementioned territory was called; what is important is that it refers to the northwestern part of Altai as belonging to the Kyrgyz. This information confirms the assertion that the western part of the Kyrgyz country extended to the Priirtyshye (the Ob-Irtysh interfluve). As
Kyrgyz Inhabitants of the Irtysh and Altai Regions? In this case, the area of "Kyrgyz" could have consisted of "Central Asian" and "Eastern" Kyrgyz, as well as other tribes and clans. Nevertheless, the "Central Asian" Kyrgyz likely occupied the western regions of the Kyrgyz country at that time. In "Si-shi-ji" (13th century), the Kyrgyz are already mentioned as inhabitants of the Irtysh and Altai regions. Obviously, these reports referred to
Rashid ad-Din on the "Kyrgyz Tribe" According to Rashid ad-Din's information about the "Kyrgyz tribe," it is stated in the "Collection of Chronicles" that "Kyrgyz and Këm-Këmjiut are two adjacent regions; both constitute one dominion (mamlakat). Këm-Këmjiut is a large river, one side of which borders the territory of the Mongols (Moghulistan), and one (its) boundary is with the Selenga River, where the Taichiut tribes reside; one side borders the (basin
Abul-Ghazi on the 12th Century Abul-Ghazi, in the chapter "On the People of China," writes: "There are two Chinas: one of them is called Kara-Kitai. Many families of the Kara-Kitai, for some reason, rebelled against their rulers and, fleeing from there, moved to the Kyrgyz Lands." He further writes: "Considering the local inhabitants as newcomers, they began to steal cattle from them, and therefore could not settle there, moving to the land of Idil (most likely
Ibrahim ibn Ahmed and Anal-Hakk Thus, the "progenitor" of the Kyrgyz ethnicity of the 12th century was evidently Ibrahim ibn Ahmed. Subsequently, he likely transformed into Anal-Hakk. According to the earliest reports, the progenitor of the Kyrgyz people was Anal-Hakk. Legends and traditions about this have survived to this day. The leader of the Kyrgyz right wing and, accordingly, the son of Anal-Hakk was Lur-khan. Only after him comes Ughuz-Kara-khan, who was at one time the head
The Basis of the “Great Campaign” in the Epic of “Manas” According to Ibn al-Asir (“Kitab alara-kitai kamil fit-tarikh”), in 1128, the Kara-Kitai invaded the territories of the Eastern Karakhanids, but they were defeated by the great khan Ahmed. After that, he died and his place was taken by Ibrahim, his son. The defeated parts of the Kara-Kitai, led by Yeluy Dashi, likely fled to Orkhon, where in the fortress of Khotun they gathered 20,000 veteran warriors, replenishing their numbers with
The Last Eastern Karakhanid Khans. According to the information from "Majmu at-Tawarikh," Imam Ibrahim ibn Ahmed can be identified with the supreme khan of the Eastern Karakhanids, Ibrahim ibn Ahmed, although in the image of Imam Ibrahim ibn Ahmed, one can also see certain traits that would be characteristic of the father of the aforementioned supreme khan of the Eastern Karakhanids, the great khan Ahmed. The time of the reign of the head of the Eastern Karakhanids, Ibrahim ibn
Legends. In the first half of the 12th century, it is likely that the "Karakhanid" Kyrgyz reunited with the aforementioned "Pre-Irtysh" Kyrgyz (who already inhabited the Tian Shan) into a single ethnic community. This could represent a union of the tribes of the right wing (Ong-kanat) and the left wing (Sol-kanat). The right wing could have been composed of the "Karakhanid" Kyrgyz (Kara-Kyrgyz), which may have also included some tribes from among the Karakhanid