Currently, in the Chui Valley, with the formation of numerous small farms, peasant and other households, there has been a fragmentation of large farms from former collective and state farms. The tense ecological condition of the soil cover has resulted from the irrational use of land by farming and peasant households. Crop rotations are not followed, and in most cases, the planting of grain, technical, and other crops is practiced continuously. Monoculture leads to land degradation under the
A specific form of natural conditions is represented by the internal adverse dangerous natural phenomena (ADNP) or natural disasters inherent to certain localities. In specialized literature, the concept of a natural disaster is interpreted as a dangerous natural phenomenon that causes an emergency situation.
Licensing and accreditation of higher education institutions. For several years now, a comprehensive system for the licensing and accreditation of educational institutions in the republic has been in development. In 1994, the State Inspection for Licensing and Accreditation of Educational Institutions of the Kyrgyz Republic was established under the Ministry of Education of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Guided by the principles of creating a unified educational space with neighboring countries, Kyrgyzstan has established contacts with 11 CIS countries and signed about 28 inter-agency and intergovernmental agreements on cooperation with the relevant ministries. The implementation of a coordinated state policy with the CIS member states received a new impetus following the signing of the agreement on cooperation to form a unified educational space of the Commonwealth of Independent States on
An important issue today is the establishment of reliable contacts between universities and potential employers. It should be noted that the information about future employment and the requirements that a particular enterprise or organization imposes on a young specialist is imperfect, which creates serious problems for quality control in education.
Today, the issues of accessibility and quality of education are at the heart of educational reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic. Thanks to the reform policy, the national education system has managed to maintain the sustainability of its development in a short time, establish a variety of educational programs at all levels of the educational ladder, offer alternative forms and new teaching technologies, achieve multi-channel funding, and carry out decentralization of the management system and its
The number of higher educational institutions in the republic has increased more than fourfold since 1991. According to census data, the number of university students per 10,000 population in 2002 was 419, which is more than three times higher than in 1991. Over a decade (1989-1999), despite a high level of emigration, the proportion of the population with higher education increased (from 94 people per 1,000 people aged 15 and older in 1989 to 105 in 1999). This was the result of a series of
At the beginning of the 2004/05 academic year, the number of teaching staff in secondary vocational educational institutions amounted to 3,019 people, which is 1.4 times more than in the 1999/2000 academic year. This includes 2,250 full-time teachers (74.5% of the total number) and 769 teachers working on a part-time basis (25.5%). With the increase in the number of students, the number of teachers is also growing, and currently, the average student-to-teacher ratio in vocational education
According to the census data, significant changes occurred in the distribution of the employed population by types of activity from 1989 to 1999. The number of people employed in industrial production decreased by 2.6 times over the decade. In the mining industry, the number of employed people fell by more than 3 times from 1998 to 1999, totaling 8,400 individuals.
Over the past 15 years, the system of general secondary education has functioned quite steadily, with an increase in the network of public schools and the number of students. According to the National Statistical Committee, in 2005, there were 2045 mass schools operating in the republic, with 1,121.6 thousand students enrolled. In the republic's schools, education is conducted in several languages: 63.9% of students are taught in Kyrgyz, 24.5% in Russian, 13.5% in Uzbek, and 0.3% in
Since 1998, the reduction in the number of preschool institutions has been halted, and a quantitative growth has been observed. As of 2004, the number of children's preschool institutions amounted to 417, with an enrollment of 46.3 thousand children. The development primarily focused on models of preschool institutions that are alternatives to state ones. A lot of attention was given to additional educational services for the population through programs for the development of younger
The structure of education in Kyrgyzstan encompasses eight official levels, approved by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic "On Education" as amended in 1992, 1997, and 2003:
The scientific potential of Kyrgyzstan is concentrated in 92 independent scientific and technical institutions, organizations, enterprises, higher educational institutions, scientific and production centers, and temporary creative collectives.
Climatic conditions, along with other factors, determine the characteristics of biological resources. What is biodiversity? It is the foundation of all natural systems that support life on Earth: water purification, oxygen and carbon replenishment, soil fertility maintenance, and provision of food and medicine. The specificity of the plant and animal world of Kyrgyzstan is defined by the relative abundance of species despite their comparatively low overall numbers.
1960-1966. Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR Certain successes were achieved in science. In the early years of Soviet power, various scientific expeditions were already operating in Kyrgyzstan. In 1928, the first Research Institute of Local Lore was established, which became the basis for the Institute of Animal Husbandry founded in 1930. By 1940, there were 13 scientific institutions in the republic, employing 323 researchers.
Before the revolution, there were 107 Russian schools in Kyrgyzstan, where, in addition to Russian children, 574 Kyrgyz students were enrolled. The fight against illiteracy took on large proportions. By 1923, there were already 323 schools, of which 251 had Kyrgyz as the language of instruction, with more than 20,000 students. Schools and courses were organized for adult education and teacher training. By 1939, the literacy rate in the republic reached 70%.
The establishment of printing and book publishing in the republic was fraught with great difficulties. There was no printing industry, a lack of journalists, and insufficient funds and paper. Initially, the publication of printed materials in the Kyrgyz language was carried out outside the republic.
The second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century marked an era of scientific discovery in Kyrgyzstan. To gain an advantage in the covert struggle with Great Britain for control over Kyrgyzstan, Russia allocated significant funds for a comprehensive study of this region. A number of Russian scientific institutions sent their scholars — ethnographers, historians, geographers, mining engineers, and other specialists — to these areas of Central Asia as part of regular
It is known that in the 18th century, the Kyrgyz, although rarely, used a new writing system, as evidenced by the letters of the clan leaders Atake-bi, Boorombai-baatyr to the Russian authorities. At that time, the Kyrgyz used Chagatai script in Arabic script. Among the akyns who first began to write their works in the native Kyrgyz language, the most prominent was Moldо Niyaz (1823-1896) from Kadamjai. Moldо Niyaz wrote from the philosophical perspectives of Sufism in his elegant works about
The Karakhanid period, as the apex of Turkic civilization, was a time when science and education were at the roots of the formation of two deeply interconnected cultural civilizations — sedentary agricultural and nomadic. The greatest minds of the Middle Ages lived in Central Asia during the 10th to 12th centuries — Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Omar Khayyam, Abu Rayhan Biruni, Muhammad Al-Farabi. In the 10th century, Islam as a religion spread not only among the sedentary but also the nomadic
We do not have data on the development of science and education among the nomadic peoples of ancient Kyrgyzstan. However, they did possess some initial scientific concepts. This is evidenced by the ancient nomadic population's ability to work with metal, gold, improve weaponry, and some cultural achievements (for example, the 12-cycle calendar, whistling arrows). The acquisition of primitive scientific ideas among the nomadic population was also facilitated by their proximity to the
Printing in Kyrgyzstan On November 7, 1924, the first issue of the newspaper "Erkin-Too" ("Free Mountains") was published. This is the first newspaper in the history of the Kyrgyz people in their native language. The first copies of the newspaper also served as the first alphabet through which the people learned to read and write. Initially, "Erkin-Too" was published twice a week with a total circulation of 3,000 copies. There were only 150 regular subscribers to
Healthcare in the Kyrgyz Republic Before the revolution, the residents of Central Asia were unaware of medical assistance. Throughout the territory of Kyrgyzstan, there was only one hospital with 23 beds, staffed by 5 doctors and 8 paramedics. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Physician of the Kyrgyz SSR Isa Konoievich Akhunbaev (1908—1974) made a significant contribution to the development of Soviet medicine. He was the first in Central Asia to perform heart surgeries. I. K. Akhunbaev was
Science in Kyrgyzstan The concept of science emerged in Kyrgyzstan only after the Great October Socialist Revolution. The scientists of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR played an important role in the establishment and development of research work. During the Great Patriotic War, scientists in Kyrgyzstan, along with researchers from the scientific institutions of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, addressed important issues of defense and national economic significance. Thanks to their
