Science of Kyrgyzstan in 1991-2005.
The scientific potential of Kyrgyzstan is concentrated in 92 independent scientific and technical institutions, organizations, enterprises, higher educational institutions, scientific and production centers, and temporary creative collectives.
The main components of the scientific sphere are the scientific institutions of the National Academy of Sciences and the institutions funded and coordinated by the State Agency for Science and Intellectual Property under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, where 27 and 59 scientific institutions are respectively concentrated.
For comparison: at the beginning of 2000, Russia invested 1% of GDP in science, Ukraine — 1.15%, Belarus — 0.8%, Turkmenistan — 0.5%, Armenia and Azerbaijan — 0.4% each. At the level of Kyrgyzstan, only Tajikistan invested in science (0.1% of GDP).
For the first time, the 1999 census included a question about individuals with academic degrees. According to its results, 2,473 candidates of sciences and 423 doctors of sciences were recorded, of which 2,366, or 82%, are employed. Of the total number of candidates and doctors of sciences, the majority (60%) are employed in education and healthcare, just over one-fifth are in public administration and real estate operations.
The number of people employed in the field of science is declining every year. This trend from 1990 to 2001 is shown in Table 2.19. Compared to 1990, the number of people employed in science has decreased by 5.4 times, with the reduction primarily occurring among specialists in sectoral sciences. Factors contributing to the decline in the number of specialists include migration and the transition of specialists to private and other structures where salaries are higher.
The scientific and technical complex traditionally represents one of the most important objects of the country's economy and cannot fully exist and develop without state support.
At the Republican meeting (October 15, 2005), the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, K. S. Bakiyev, formulated priority tasks for 2005-2006 for economic growth. The revival of industry should become the locomotive of this growth. Several developments by Kyrgyz scientists have been implemented in the country's enterprises. Hydraulic hammers of the "Impulse" type are used in the construction and reconstruction of the Bishkek - Osh road. Modern measuring and information systems and monitoring devices for landslide processes are used in the area of the city of Mailuu-Suu for monitoring the mountain slopes of the Toktogul hydroelectric complex. Engineering-geological and geomechanical components of the feasibility study for the planned railway route China — Kyrgyzstan — Uzbekistan formed the basis of an intergovernmental agreement (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China).
The technology for processing solid agricultural waste to obtain biogas and plant growth stimulators, biofertilizers, and the production of biogas installations has already been implemented at OJSC "Fakel". They are used in the farms of Chui and Jalal-Abad regions. New high-yield varieties of apple and plum trees created in the Botanical Garden have been included in the State Register of varieties and hybrids of plants permitted for use in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. Liquid iodized salt "Antizob," medical physiological solutions from local salt, and vaccines for treating infectious diseases in agricultural animals are produced at the experimental base of the Biotechnology Institute of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of the Kyrgyz Republic. Medicinal preparations based on walnuts for veterinary and medical use are produced at the scientific and production center "Kyrgyz-jangak."
Kyrgyz plasma technologies for restoring and strengthening machine and mechanism parts are used in Russia, Ukraine, Malaysia, and France; non-explosive mining technologies are used in Kazakhstan, and technologies for using unconventional energy sources are used in Mongolia. At KHMZ-Astra (the town of Orlovka), the production of crucibles made of reinforced silicon nitride ceramics for growing monocrystalline silicon and abrasive tools based on synthetic diamonds has been mastered. Resource-saving technologies for extracting antimony and arsenic from ore waste have been implemented at the Kadamjai antimony-mercury plant. At the drill factory (Bishkek), the technology for plasma hardening of drill cutting edges has been mastered. At marble deposits (in particular, in Osh and Jalal-Abad regions), granite and wollastonite deposits (Jalal-Abad region, Kemin district of Chui region) mining and stone-cutting machines and aggregates with a gentle mode of block extraction and construction materials are used.
