Kurmanjan Datka

Osh in the Early 20th Century

Growth of the City in the Early 20th Century Little expanding in the pre-war years due to its surroundings, Osh did not rise in height either, except for the increasing number of minarets by 1917 at the mosques. The spatial growth of the city, more precisely its residential part, is associated with the construction of new single-story buildings in the upper part of the city. The following data provides an idea of the growth of residential construction: at the end of the 1870s, there were about

22.10.2021, 18:21

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Features of the Group Consciousness of Kyrgyz Nomads

Narrow Mindset of the Kyrgyz Nomad The proposed general scheme of the evolution of consciousness aims to show what horizons can be revealed by understanding the characteristics of historical types of consciousness in the study of Kyrgyz history and history in general. Let’s clarify this with specific examples. Historical psychology is a young science, and there is still much that is unclear and undiscovered in it, so the first results of its application in specific historical analysis can only

18.10.2021, 20:17

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Heterogeneous Anticolonial Protests Against Tsarist Authority

Protests Against Tsarist Colonial Power by the Kyrgyz The anti-colonial protests were also a reflection of the uprising of 1873–1876, led by the aforementioned associates of Pulat-khan. It was directed against the tsarist colonial authority and had a national liberation character. Its eyewitness V.L. Tageev justifiably wrote: "An uprising erupted in Alai. The mountain settlement of Alai boiled and stirred, and bands (a group of rebels—K.U.) of brave batyrs began to swell with new forces.

17.10.2021, 17:43

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Choros, Suldus, Tatars, Turkmen, Uyghurs, Minalagi, Nuygut, Ordabegi

Minlaga, Noyguts, Suldus, Tatars, Turkmen, Uyghurs, Ordabegi, Churasi Minlaga (Minalaga) — their origin is unknown. They were mentioned in the battle involving the aforementioned Uldja-Buga-muchalachi from the Kauchins against Kamar ad-Din to the east of the Ili River. There are no other known accounts of them. Noyguts (Nuyguts) — a tribe of Mongolian origin. The name of a companion of Sultan Said-khan, Tubra Noygaus (Tubra Noyagut, Tubra Noyguts), appears in sources. In the 16th century,

16.10.2021, 16:16

Shabdan Baatyr

Letter from Prince Vyazemsky to Eteke Bagadur

LETTER FROM PRINCE A. A. VYAZEMSKY TO ETKE BAGADUR EXPRESSING GRATITUDE FOR LOYALTY TO THE RUSSIAN THRONE January 23, 1787 Honorable Etke Bagadur.

13.10.2021, 20:56

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Sharp protest by Yu. Abdrakhmanov against arbitrariness during grain procurement

Searches in Peasant Yards During Grain Procurement Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kyrgyz ASSR Yu. Abdrakhmanov, carrying out the corresponding directive from the Central Asian Bureau, went on a long business trip to the cotton-growing regions of the Osh district. In the Bazar-Kurgan district, he met with I. Zelensky at a meeting held here regarding the issue of "cotton extraction." It was here that measures were developed that differed from previous ones

12.10.2021, 23:32

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

The Beginning of the Great Patriotic War

Pirate Attack by German-Fascist Invaders The German-Fascist command, intoxicated by easy victories in Europe, sought to quickly conquer world domination. However, the main obstacle in the way of this aggressive campaign was the Soviet Union — the only socialist state on the planet. This is why its defeat was viewed by the Nazi military-political leadership as a decisive step toward achieving their adventurous goals. The German General Staff had developed a plan for military operations against

11.10.2021, 14:39

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Transition from One Historical Type of Consciousness to Another in Kyrgyz Society

Class Societies by Social Structure Each type of consciousness, until a certain point, of course, corresponded to society and satisfied its needs. Therefore, it is not appropriate to interpret each previous stage as primitive or elementary. “Primitive,” “archaic,” “barbaric,” “mythological” consciousness is by no means primitive and is called so due to its antiquity and originality. It is important to emphasize that all three types of consciousness do not exist in a “pure” form. Each of them

05.10.2021, 10:08

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Defeats of Abdullabek by Skobelev's Punitive Detachment

Attracting Kurmanjan Datka to the Side of the Tsarist Authority On April 25, 1876, punitive forces approached Yangy-Aryk, where the participants of the uprising were vigorously preparing for a decisive resistance. The rebels blocked the path leading to them, set up several rows of stone barricades, and dismantled the bridge over the river. They believed their position was impregnable. However, they soon saw the punitive detachment, and a battle ensued. As noted in an archival document, a

04.10.2021, 20:38

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Kazakh, Konchi, Karlaut, Mekrit, Kushchi

Kazakh, konchi, karlaut, mekrit, kushchi Konchi — their progenitor, a merchant from Khorezm, accompanied Khizr-Khodja in his flight among others. Under Esen-Buka, along with other tribes, they caused disorder in the country. Their notable emir was Mir Khodja, whose daughter was married to Yunus-khan. Later, the konchi received a new name, sagrychi. Both names mean "tanner." Karlaut — a Mongolian tribe. They are first mentioned in the territory of Moghulistan during the reign of

02.10.2021, 15:48

Shabdan Baatyr

Order of Prince A. Vyazemsky on the Escort of Deputy Abdrakhman Kuchakov to the Fortress of St. Peter

ORDER OF PRINCE A. A. VYAZEMSKY TO THE ADJUTANT OF THE SIBERIAN DRAGOON REGIMENT SIPAYLOV REGARDING THE ESCORT OF THE ENVOY ETEKE BAGADUR ON HIS RETURN JOURNEY, TO SHOW HIM CARE AND DUE RESPECT January 23, 1787 Upon the arrival of the time for the return of the envoy sent to the Court of Her Imperial Majesty from the chief of the Kyrgyz nomads in the remote steppe between the stone mountains, Etike Bagadur, Deputy Abdrakhman Kuchakov, along with his servant, I instruct you for the case of his

29.09.2021, 08:22

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Negative Consequences of "Stalinist" Collectivization in Kyrgyzstan

Pressure on Peasantry through Collectivization Y. Abdrakhmanov was a staunch opponent of administrative arbitrariness towards the peasantry. At the regional party conference in June 1930, when the negative consequences of collectivization "Stalin-style" became evident, especially in the outskirts of the country, in Kyrgyzstan, in the livestock zone, he said: "Cooperation is the highway to socialism... But how we have treated this highway, how we help cooperation to truly become

29.09.2021, 07:45

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Kyrgyzstan on the Eve of the Great Patriotic War

Kyrgyzstan on the Eve of the Great Patriotic War Alongside the expansion of the industrial base, measures were taken to further boost agricultural production. By the decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated April 7, 1940, starting from the harvest of 1940, a per-hectare principle for the procurement of agricultural products in crop production and animal husbandry was introduced in collective

27.09.2021, 21:17

Kurmanjan Datka

The view of Osh through the eyes of foreign travelers in the late 19th century.

Description of Osh by Foreigners Brief but curious descriptions of Osh, its old and new urban areas, were left by Russian and foreign travelers. For example, Guillaume Capu, a participant in the French-Kyrgyz expedition to Pamir in the 1880s, noted: “From the height of the terrace of the district chief's house... we have a view of the city of Osh, resembling a chaotic cluster of yellow adobe houses, huddled among tall poplars, like cobblestones on a large construction site. At its edge

26.09.2021, 11:39

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

The Word in the Traditional Type of Consciousness of the Kyrgyz

Traditional Type of Consciousness of the Kyrgyz In the traditional type of consciousness, the reflection of the world occurs predominantly spontaneously, but with elements of awareness and at the level of everyday pre-scientific concepts. As a result, the outcomes of knowledge are expressed quite generally and verbally. These knowledges are usually reduced to the statement of facts, their description, and do not rise to the level of scientific explanation and understanding; they do not form a

22.09.2021, 22:34

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Anticolonial Protests of Indigenous Peoples in the Region in the 1880s-1890s

Anti-colonial Protests of Indigenous People Although in mid-February the entire territory of the former Kokand Khanate and the southern part of Kyrgyzstan were annexed to Russia, some high-altitude areas, particularly Alay, Gulcha, and Pamir, effectively remained outside the sphere of the Russian Empire. In these hard-to-reach areas, former associates of the executed Pulat-khan found refuge from the tsarist punitive forces: Abdullabek, Omorbek, Sulayman Udaychi, Valikhan-Tyure, and several

21.09.2021, 22:13

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Karluks, Katagans, Kauchins, Kereits

Karluks, Katagans, Kauchins, Kereits Karluks — a large Turkic tribe of Moghulistan. However, there is almost no information about them in written sources. They are mentioned only as part of the troops of Abu-Bekr and Sultan Said-khan. In the ethnic structure of modern Kyrgyz, there is a Karluk tribe called Boston among the Ichkiliks, a group of Machak — among Chon-Bagys and Saruu, and Kilet — among Chon-Bagys. Katagans (Katakin) — a Mongolic-speaking tribe. They migrated to the Chagatai ulus

20.09.2021, 17:07

Shabdan Baatyr

The Reception of Kyrgyz Envoys by Empress Catherine II

FROM THE ENTRY IN THE CHAMBER-FURRIER'S JOURNAL ABOUT THE RECEPTION OF KYRGYZ ENVOYS BY EMPRESS CATHERINE II March 15, 1786 On Sunday, that is, on the fortieth day after the successful delivery of Her Imperial Highness, the Grand Duchess Maria Fedorovna, during which Her Imperial Highness had the fortieth-day prayer and listened to the liturgy in the small court church, where the exit was at 11 o'clock in the morning together with His Imperial Highness, the Tsarevich, and Their

18.09.2021, 11:00

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Abdrakhmanov's Approach to the Problems of Economic Construction in the Republic

Horse threshing with stones in the village. 1914 Difficulties in Transforming the Social Psychology of Peasantry. A considerable amount of energy was also required in organizing "Chuystroy" within the framework of the union trust for new agricultural crops. This organization put an end to the artisanal irrigation construction in the Chui Valley and allowed for the most important work for the republic to be carried out on a broad scale, at a modern engineering level for those years.

16.09.2021, 06:00

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

The Beginning of World War II

The Attack of Nazi Germany on Poland. On September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany attacked Poland. Two days later, England and France—Poland's allies—declared that they were at war with Germany. Thus began World War II. It arose among the imperialist powers between two of their groupings and had a reactionary, aggressive character. In 1940, Nazi Germany occupied Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and defeated France. In the spring of 1941, fascist troops invaded Yugoslavia and

15.09.2021, 11:00

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

The Peaceful Selfless Labor of Kyrgyzstanis in the Pre-War Years

Multinational Workforce of Industrial Workers and Engineering and Technical Intelligentsia on the Eve of War In the process of creating the material and technical base of socialism, multinational cadres of industrial workers and engineering and technical intelligentsia were formed and grew. On the eve of the war, 165.3 thousand workers and employees were engaged in industry, transportation, and construction, in MTS and state farms of Kyrgyzstan, including 36,078 industrial workers compared to

14.09.2021, 17:19

Kurmanjan Datka

Construction of the New Part of the City of Osh in 1876

M.E. Ionov with family Construction of the New Part of the City In 1872, the source of headaches for Russian diplomacy, the Kokand Khanate, ceased to exist. On its territory, the Fergana region of the Turkestan General Governorship was formed. The triumph of M.D. Skobeleva in southern Kyrgyzstan did not go unnoticed by the local residents. Having relatively quickly recovered from the shocks of war, they soon felt many advantages of being subjects of a vast empire, living on its outskirts, but

14.09.2021, 11:53

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Mythological Type of Consciousness in the Development of the Kyrgyz

Mythological Type of Consciousness A person controls their own actions, accepts and bears full responsibility for them. The regulator of their behavior is ethics, legal norms, and ideology, expressed in a way that is understandable to all. This highest type of consciousness for our time was preceded by two lower types.

11.09.2021, 19:29

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Pulad-Khan — the Poor Kyrgyz Who Became a Khan

Mulla Iskak Asan oglu — Pulad-Khan The most loyal and consistent leader of the uprising of 1873–1876 was Mulla Iskak Asan oglu — Pulad-Khan (1844–1876). As evidenced by a number of archival documents and literary sources, Pulad-Khan was of common origin. The head of the Zaravshan department, A. Abramov, and military historian M. Terentyev emphasize that Pulad-Khan was a simple Kyrgyz. The ruler of Kashgar, Muhammad Yakubbek, and the Shah of Karategin, Muhammad Rahimbay, referred to Pulad-Khan

10.09.2021, 09:31

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Itardji, Yarki, Kaluchi

Itardji, Yarki, Kaluchi Itardji (Itarchi) have been known since the time of Khizr-Khodja-khan. According to Muhammad Haider, Emir Khudaydad Duglat hid the young Khizr-Khodja from the persecutions of Kamar ad-Din and sent twelve people with him, including the ancestor of the Itardji tribe, Ardižrak. Subsequently, Khizr-Khodja, having become the khan of Moghulistan, elevated all those who accompanied him in his flight. Itardji are mentioned in the army of Sultan Said-khan. Later, they became

09.09.2021, 23:13

Shabdan Baatyr

Letters of Ataka Batyr Tynai Biiy Uulu

LETTER FROM ATAKE BATYR TYNAY BI UULU TO THE COMMANDER OF THE SIBERIAN REGIMENTS GENERAL N. T. OGAREV August 23, 1785 To the esteemed state advisor, friend of the ruler of eternal happiness, equal to the batyr Sulayman and akin to the great padishah Iskender, possessing a four-sided space, the chief elder, serving and having access to the majestic emperor, radiating happiness and goodness, the great welcoming military leader, member of the government, victorious in battles, listening to the

08.09.2021, 22:09

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Appointment of Yu. Abdrakhmanov as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Republic

The Contribution of Yu. Abdrakhmanov to the Economic Development of the Kirghiz ASSR Thanks to the ideological defeat of the supporters of group fighting, a turning point was achieved in the work of the party organization of the republic in 1925-1926. This led to a regrouping of forces and a search for new tactics. The regional party committee implemented significant personnel changes. The leaders of the factions—second secretary of the regional committee Babakhanov, head of the

07.09.2021, 15:47

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Industrial Progress in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan on the Eve of the Great Patriotic War

Kyrgyzstan on the Eve of the Great Patriotic War In February 1941, the workers of Kyrgyzstan celebrated a significant date—the fifteenth anniversary of national socialist statehood. During the days of this glorious anniversary, the Kyrgyz people, with a sense of great pride, summarized the results of the difficult path of struggle and victories achieved under the leadership of the Communist Party within the fraternal family of free and equal peoples of the USSR. The main condition and starting

05.09.2021, 17:05

Kurmanjan Datka

The Bukhara Invasion of Fergana in the Early 1840s

The Bukhara Invasion of Fergana The successful conquest of Kyrgyzstan's territory by the Khans of Kokand was facilitated by inter-clan and tribal feuds among Kyrgyz feudal lords, who refused to unite even in the face of a common enemy. Thus, in late summer 1821, Omar Khan sent Beknazar-biy - his loyal Kyrgyz feudal lord, who led the clan of Kutluk-Seyid and was simultaneously the hakim of the city of Kasana - to subjugate the Kyrgyz of the Sarybagysh clan, who were nomadic near the city

04.09.2021, 18:07

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

The Evolution of Consciousness - Part of the Overall Process of Historical Development of the Kyrgyz

The evolution of consciousness - part of the overall process of historical development of humanity Human mental processes have characteristic historical features that arise from the peculiar conditions of life and social practice of each historical era. These features are determined by the system of social relations, under the influence of which a person exists from the very first steps of their life, and the system of language through which they express their thoughts and feelings. A whole

20.07.2021, 09:46

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

The Anti-Feudal and National-Liberation Character of the Uprising of 1873-1876.

"Kyl-kuyruk" Abdurakhman Aftobachi, who had recently returned from Mecca, where he went on pilgrimage, Isa-Auliye, known for his religious fanaticism, and other representatives of the feudal nobility, in an attempt to use the workers' protests for their own interests and direct it along an anti-Russian path, declared a jihad, i.e., a holy war against the "infidels" in August 1875, at the beginning of the second stage of the uprising. These individuals and other

20.07.2021, 09:23

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Bulghachi, Dolony, Duglaty, Dukhutui

Bulghachi, Dolony, Duglaty, Dukhtui Bulghachi (bulghachi-dalkar, bulghachi-vilkar, bulghachi-saludji)—is identified with the Mongolian tribe of Bulghachin, which inhabited the region of Bargunjin — Tokum, east of the Yenisei Kyrgyz. S. M. Abramzon questions their ethnic connection. In the second half of the 14th century, the Bulghachi tribe roamed in the territory somewhere between Yulduz and Emil. Their emirs actively participated in the political life of Moghulistan. Some Bulghachi fled from

19.07.2021, 08:17

Shabdan Baatyr

Hero Demanded by the Era. Conclusion

Madrasah for children, built by Shabdan Jantayev in 1907 - 1909. Hero, Demanded by the Era. Part -5 Perhaps, Shabdan hero was among the Muslim population of Turkestan the holder of, perhaps, the largest number of government awards: 5 first-class honorary robes, 1 second-class robe, two large gold medals on Stanislav and Annen ribbons for wearing around the neck, four medals: a) In memory of the conquest of the Kokand Khanate, b) In memory of all campaigns and expeditions in Central Asia from

17.07.2021, 10:15

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

"Theory" of Mass Organization by Yu. Abdrakhmanov

Disagreements between Kamensky and Abdrakhmanov In the early 1920s, Yu. Abdrakhmanov worked as the secretary of the Almaty district-city committee of the Communist Party of Turkestan, a member of the Semirechensk regional party committee, and the secretary of the Kopal and Taldy-Kurgan district-city party committees. He was also a member of the local executive committees and a member of the presidiums of the Union of the Poor and Laborers in these districts. Later, he became the head of the

16.07.2021, 20:29

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Agriculture of Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Agriculture during the War Period In writing the chapter and section on the agriculture of Kyrgyzstan during the war, materials from the consolidated annual reports of collective farms, stored in the Central State Archive of the National Economy of the USSR (fond 7486) and the Central State Archive of the Kyrgyz SSR (fond 1642—People's Commissariat of Land of the Republic) for the years 1941—1945 were used. A truthful analysis and in-depth examination of the simple yet illustrative

14.07.2021, 20:26

Kurmanjan Datka

Events of the Second Half of the 18th Century in Southern Kyrgyzstan

Events 200 Years Ago Let’s return to the events of 200 years ago. What was Osh primarily for the formidable rulers of Fergana at that time? A coveted point, the owner of which gained influence over a vast region - an important section of the Great Silk Road.

12.07.2021, 11:32

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

The 20th Century — A Time of Forced Transition for Kyrgyz from Tribal Lifestyle to Soviet Order

FEATURES OF HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF THE KYRGYZ IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY In addition to ideological, political, and socio-economic reasons, the crisis of historical science in Kyrgyzstan is also caused by the fact that our people, who lived before the Soviet era under a tribal system, did not have deep scientific traditions in studying their own history. On the other hand, take Russia, which had numerous scientific schools and directions, and outstanding titans of

08.07.2021, 17:37

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Joint Performance of Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, and Karakalpaks in the Uprising of 1873-1876.

Peasant Movement As the factual materials presented above show, the uprising of 1873-1876 was a joint performance of the working Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, and Karakalpaks, who suffered under the oppression of the Kokand feudal lords led by the khan. The commonality of their historical fate, the increasingly oppressive feudal burden, and the support of the tsarist authority united and raised the workers of these fraternal peoples to fight for popular freedom. National enmity and distrust among

08.07.2021, 17:01

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Bekchik (bikchik) — a Turkic tribe

Lake Bekchiks Bekchik (bikchik) — a Turkic tribe. V. P. Yudin and K. A. Pishulina identify them with the Kangly tribe. They concluded that among the military leaders sent by Tugluq-Timur near Tashkent in Mawarannahr was Bekchik from the Kangly clan. Expanding on this thought, K. A. Pishulina writes: “Throughout the history of Moghulistan, the Kangly (also referred to here as Bekchiks, granted this name due to the services rendered by Bekchik to the Kangly during the elevation of Tugluq-Timur

06.07.2021, 18:52

Shabdan Baatyr

Hero Demanded by the Era. Part - 4

Letter from Abdullabek Alimbek uulu to General Skobelev The actions of Shabdan the Hero and his horsemen in southern Kyrgyzstan apparently did not exceed the limits of what was permissible, so as not to appear as servants of the Russian generals; their goal was precisely to prevent unnecessary mass bloodshed. This was vividly demonstrated during the Alai Expedition from July to October of the following year, 1876, under the command of the troops of the Fergana region, Major General M. D.

30.06.2021, 10:49

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Z. Abdrakhmanov - Soldier of the Revolution

SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION He did not live to see forty years. The forces of lawlessness of Stalinism and unprecedented terror cut short his life at a time when the creative potential of a personality, especially that of a statesman, is approaching maximum self-realization. Yet this short life encompassed a tremendous amount of work in the name of the interests of his people and the realization of the ideals of socialism. Restoring the true role and place of Zh. Abdrakhmanov in the struggle for

28.06.2021, 23:43

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Documents Characterizing the State of the National Economy of Kyrgyzstan During the War Years

Archives for 1941—1945 The first edition of the book "Soviet Kyrgyzstan in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945" received positive reviews in the Soviet press regarding its structure and content. In preparing the second edition, dedicated to the glorious fortieth anniversary of the world-historical Victory of the Soviet people and its Armed Forces over fascist Germany and militarist Japan, the author sought to take into account the comments and wishes of readers—veterans of the war

25.06.2021, 03:00

Kurmanjan Datka

Ali ibn Osman al-Oshi

Beacon of Faith Thus, Osh, once a city of "infidels" - Zoroastrians and followers of local shamanic cults - gradually became a holy city for Muslims. It took centuries for new Islamic legends, tales, and myths to replace the pagan legends and rituals practiced on the slopes of the mountain. These stories recounted the life of Adam, as well as the assembly of Muslim prophets, such as Jibril, Muhammad, Sulayman, Asaf ibn Burhiya, and many others. This continued until the advent of

24.06.2021, 17:27

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s. Introduction. Part - 4

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s. Part - 3 With the beginning of perestroika and the proclamation of independence, a movement opposing the official course pursued by the political leadership of Kyrgyzstan, headed by President A. Akayev, regained strength. This, however, does not contradict the proclaimed democratic path of development for our country. This also defines the particular relevance of studying the proposed issues, political leaders of both formal and informal types, the history and

20.06.2021, 10:11

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Support for the Rebels and Participation of the Local Population in the Uprising

Support for the Rebels by the Local Population The uprising of 1873-1876 began and unfolded as an anti-feudal and national liberation movement. Its driving forces were the Kyrgyz, Uzbek, and Tajik laborers, ordinary herders, artisans, and impoverished peasants, who were devastated by the predatory policies of the Kokand khan and his officials. Representatives of the feudal nobility also participated in this uprising. The occupation of a large part of the khanate's territory by Tsarist

20.06.2021, 08:25

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

"Baaryny, Baluki, Balikchi"

Baaryny (baarin, bayrin, bakhrin, naryn), balykchi (balikchi), baluki Baaryny (baarin, bayrin, bakhrin, naryn) — a Turkicized Mongolian tribe. They migrated from Mongolia to the Chagatai ulus after Genghis Khan divided their conquered lands among his sons. Baaryny are mentioned in the works of Eastern authors. Their emirs actively participated in the political life of Moghulistan. For example, they supported the candidacy of the eldest son of Veys-khan, Yunus, for the throne. Shah-Mahmud

19.06.2021, 21:59

Shabdan Baatyr

Hero Demanded by the Era. Part - 3

...the Kyrgyz must live together like bees in one hive... The political influence of Shabdan was very significant not only among the Kyrgyz but also among the top leadership of the Russian administration in Turkestan. This is clearly evidenced by the removal in 1890 of the administrator of the Pishpek district, military elder Narbuga, and in 1911 of the incompetent volost manager of the Sarybagysh volost, M. Alpybaev, who were dismissed after Shabdan informed the Military Governor of the

17.06.2021, 14:50

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

"Interference in the Literary Creativity of K. Tynystanova"

Verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court On March 4, 1932, the significantly updated secretariat of the Kyrgyz Regional Committee of the Party adopted a resolution "On Kyrgyz Literature," which stated that "the letter from I. V. Stalin to the editorial office of the magazine 'Proletarian Revolution' served as a signal for a broad offensive by the party on the ideological front, strengthening the vigilance of party organizations in the struggle on two

17.06.2021, 14:21