As of January 1, 2013, the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic, according to the State Registration Service under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, amounted to 199.9 thousand square kilometers. The largest share of the republic's land area is accounted for by reserve lands (44.5 percent), agricultural lands (32.5 percent), and forest fund lands (13.1 percent).
Nature is the primary source of satisfying the material and spiritual needs of people. Any products consumed by humans are ultimately created through the use of natural resources. At the same time, the use of nature's wealth must be reasonable and well thought out. Careless attitudes towards nature and irrational use of its resources can lead to undesirable consequences.
The intensive development of industry, transportation, and overpopulation in several areas of the Chui Valley has led to significant pollution of the hydrosphere. Pollution of surface waters is the process of changing the physical, chemical, or biological properties of natural waters upon the introduction of various substances that can have harmful effects on humans and nature. Any compound that disrupts norms and deteriorates water quality is considered a water pollutant.
By the nature of water use, all modern sectors of the economy in the Chui Valley are usually divided into associations of water consumers and associations of water users. Water consumers are those sectors that extract water from its natural sources, use it for the production of industrial or agricultural products, for the domestic needs of the population, and return it to the sources elsewhere in smaller quantities and often in a polluted form. Sectoral water consumers include industry,
Water resources are surface and groundwater that are suitable for use in a given territory. The boundaries of the territory can be administrative (district, region, republic) or geographical (river basin, continent). The determination of the volume of water resources is based on the calculation of the water balance of the territory.
To regulate emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, individual norms are used for each substance at the enterprise. The maximum allowable emissions (MAE), which take into account the number of sources, their height, the distribution of emissions over time and space, and other factors, are provided by GOST 172302-78.
Geoecological Condition and Requirements for Air Protection.
It has been noted above that a significant part of the territory of the republic is subject to erosion processes. The problem of combating water erosion of soils can be solved through a set of anti-erosion measures, taking into account the characteristics of the terrain, agro-physical properties, and mechanical composition of the soils.
Pollution, in a broad sense, is understood as the introduction of new (usually non-characteristic for it) physical, chemical, biological, and informational agents into the ecological environment, or a technogenic exceeding of the level of natural factors, leading to negative consequences. In general terms, this term characterizes all bodies and substances that appear "in the wrong place, at the wrong time, and in the wrong quantity, which is natural for nature" /N.F.Reimers, 1993/.
Currently, in the Chui Valley, with the formation of numerous small farms, peasant and other households, there has been a fragmentation of large farms from former collective and state farms. The tense ecological condition of the soil cover has resulted from the irrational use of land by farming and peasant households. Crop rotations are not followed, and in most cases, the planting of grain, technical, and other crops is practiced continuously. Monoculture leads to land degradation under the
Land resources refer to lands that are systematically used or suitable for use for economic purposes and differ by natural-historical characteristics.
A specific form of natural conditions is represented by the internal adverse dangerous natural phenomena (ADNP) or natural disasters inherent to certain localities. In specialized literature, the concept of a natural disaster is interpreted as a dangerous natural phenomenon that causes an emergency situation.
Climatic conditions, along with other factors, determine the characteristics of biological resources. What is biodiversity? It is the foundation of all natural systems that support life on Earth: water purification, oxygen and carbon replenishment, soil fertility maintenance, and provision of food and medicine. The specificity of the plant and animal world of Kyrgyzstan is defined by the relative abundance of species despite their comparatively low overall numbers.