Eduard’s Imperial Crown Status: EN B1ab(i,ii,iv,v). In Kyrgyzstan - the only one of three very locally distributed species of the genus, at the northern limit of distribution, detached from the main range. As a highly decorative species with a decreasing range and population due to anthropogenic factors, it is included in several regional red books.
Semenov’s Onion Status: VU. Endemic to the Inner Tien Shan.
Pskem Onion Status: EN. A very rare species with a shrinking range in the Western Tien Shan. Description. A perennial plant reaching 40 - 80 cm in height. Bulbs are found in groups on a short rhizome, 4 - 5 cm thick, covered externally with black-brown and internally with red-brown tunics. The stem is swollen. Leaves are tubular, cylindrical, in number 3, shorter than the stem. The umbel is spherical, with the spathe nearly equal to the umbel. Flowers are white, about 6 mm long. It differs
Twelve-dentate Onion Status: VU. A narrowly endemic species of the Chatkal Ridge. Description. A perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, geophyte, xeromesophyte. Bulbs are solitary, round, 8-10 (12) mm in diameter, with gray paper-like tunics. Bulbils are solitary, smooth. Stems are 60 - 80 cm tall, 1.5 - 5 mm in diameter, ribbed, covered at the base with leaf sheaths. There are 2 leaves, flat, 2.5 - 6 mm wide, rough-edged. The inflorescence is hemispherical or nearly round, dense, multi-flowered.
Eremurus Zenaidae Status: VU. Endemic to the lower and middle belts of the Fergana and Alai mountain ranges.
Eremurus zoae Status: VU. A narrowly endemic species of the Kyrgyz Range.
Regel’s Eminium Status: VU. A rare endemic species of the Western Tien Shan.
Semenov’s Fir-tree Status: VU. A relic endemic of the Western Tien Shan. Ornamental.
Tien Shan Scutiger Scutiger tianschanicus A. Bond. Status: CR. Very rare, almost endemic species.
Dog Stinkhorn Mutinus caninus (Huds. ex Pers.) Fr. Status: EN. A decorative species, used in folk medicine.
Doubled Netted Stinkhorn Dictyophora duplicata (Bosc.) E. Fisch Status: EN. Rare species. The only representative of the genus Dictyophora in the CIS territory. Used in traditional medicine.
Kyrgyz hunters distinguished 13 species of birds of prey — the gyrfalcon: baybaktuu shunkar — gyrfalcon with noticeable hairs on its legs, kuiko shunkar (this is a very valuable bird — in ancient times, the winner of a competition was gifted 9 birds of prey, and this nine was led by the kuiko shunkar), kazy shunkar — true gyrfalcon, kara shunkar — gyrfalcon with black plumage (very difficult to train), taza shunkar — pure gyrfalcon without admixture, moynoktyu shunkar — gyrfalcon with a light
The foundations of the herding system for livestock grazing, widely recommended by modern botany, were established and used by the Kyrgyz for a long time. They had a good understanding of the qualities of pasture grasses and their usefulness for livestock. For example, regarding sedge grass, the Kyrgyz said: "Until a horse grazes on sedge pastures, it does not gain fat."
Another one of the most beautiful gorges in Kyrgyzstan, Kegety Gorge is located on the northern side of the Kyrgyz Ridge, 90 kilometers from the city of Bishkek. Its picturesque nature makes it very interesting and attractive for tourists. A turbulent river with the same name flows through Kegety Gorge, which has many tributaries. The largest of them is the right tributary Köl-Tor, which forms a very beautiful independent gorge, at the headwaters of which there is a lake with turquoise water.
The Salt Lake, also known as the Dead Lake, is located in the territory of the Kunchyghysh rural district of the Ton district. It is 12 kilometers from the central highway. This season, it is visited by an average of 300-500 people per day. According to the staff of the tourist complex, the number of people wishing to visit the Dead Lake has decreased compared to previous years. Tourists began to visit the Salt Lake in 2000. Prior to this, academician Usen Mamyrов of the National Academy of
In certain areas of the Earth, strong underground tremors sometimes occur, a rumble is heard, and ground vibrations cover significant areas, sometimes the entire Earth—this is an earthquake. In its epicenter, strong changes occur: deep and long cracks appear on the surface, landslides are observed, buildings are destroyed, etc.
The "Upper Naryn Zone" includes the upper part of the Naryn River basin from the vicinity of the village of Karakolka to the headwaters of its two main tributaries — Taragay and Kara-Say, which originate in the ridge area at the northern and southern ends of the Ak-Shiyrak range. The zone is located east of the city of Naryn, approximately 110 km by road to the village of Karakolka. You can reach the zone from the Issyk-Kul region via the highway from the city of Przhevalsk — to the
Tapered Net-cap (Dictyocephalus attenuatus (Peck) Long et Plunkett). Status: VU. A very rare Paleogene relic. The only species of the genus Dictyocephalus in the world.
Lake Kapka-Tash (local residents call it Kol-bashi, which translates to "Source, beginning (head) of the lake"). Indeed, a river flows out of this lake, feeding into the next large lake and filling it.
Lake Kara-Suu is located in the Toktogul district. It is a dam-type lake, and its level depends on the time of year. Lake Kara-Suu is situated in the area of the Taktalyk ridge, at an altitude of about 2000 m above sea level. The dimensions of the lake are 6.5 by 2 km, with an average depth of about 90 m. The shores of Kara-Suu are home to Tien Shan spruce, barberry, rowan, and other plants. The enchanting azure hue of the lake changes depending on the time of day, and one can gaze at it
Geographical Reference: Ala-Kul (Ala-Kyol, Alakul, Alaköl) is a closed lake in the Terkey-Alatau region, in the Central Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan. It means "Mottled Lake" in Kyrgyz. It is located in the upper reaches of the Kurgaktor River, a right tributary of Karakol, at an altitude of 3532 meters. It has a glacial origin: the glacier, after retreating, still occupies the upper part of the valley. There are no islands in the lake.
Before your eyes stretches the unrestrained blue of the water, which sharply contrasts with the gray-brown rocks, the whiteness of the snow on the peaks, and the boundless blue of the sky. This could be said about many glacial lakes. But Lake Merzbacher is remarkable not only for its beauty — it literally represents a world of icebergs. Here and there rise the whimsical outlines of towers, castles, ice mountains, and ice islands of various shapes. Some floating icebergs reach the height of a
Geographical Information: Song-Kul (possible variants of Russian spelling: СОНКЁЛЬ, Сонг-Кёль, Сон-Куль) is a large high-altitude lake, nestled in a basin between the internal ridges of the Tien Shan, located between the ranges of Song-Kul-Tau and Moldota-Tau, at an altitude of 3,016 meters above sea level in the northwestern part of the Naryn region (Kyrgyzstan). It is a potential site for ecological tourism. Surrounding the lake are pristine pastures and a protected area. The nearest major
Geographical Information: An astonishingly beautiful corner of nature in southern Kyrgyzstan at an altitude of 1940 meters above sea level. The lake is located in the area of relict walnut-fruit forests and is part of the natural complex of biosphere resorts.
No matter how interesting the composition and properties of water manifestations may be, it is clear that it is not these properties themselves that interest the curious reader, but rather how they will affect, first and foremost, those who will use a particular water.
Waters without 'specific' components are distinguished only from a balneological point of view as waters that do not contain any of the components considered for therapeutic purposes in conditioning quantities, except for the total salt content, for which the lower limit of concentration is set at 2 g/l.
Among thermomineral waters, waters of this type occupy a special place; as a rule, being therapeutic, they are most widely used in industry from underground waters. It is from these waters that we obtain all industrial bromine and about 3/4 of iodine. Iodobromine waters are used for treatment both externally and internally; in the latter case, their mineralization should not exceed 10-15 g/l, and if dilution with fresh water is needed, the concentration of bromine when diluted should not fall
Medicinal iron mineral waters are those that contain at least 20 mg/l of dissolved iron. There are not many such waters in our country, but it was precisely at the iron-rich Marcial waters (located 50 km from Petrozavodsk) that the first resort in Russia was established in 1719 by a decree of Peter I. They are named Marcial in honor of Mars, the ancient Roman god of war, as it was believed at that time that consuming iron mineral water made a person strong.
Rishtan Deposit is located 15 km south of the city of Rishtan in Uzbekistan and 20 km east of the river Sokh. The mineral springs are associated with the limestones of the Alai and Turkestan strata, which lie in the core of the local anticlinal fold. The water has a mineralization of 3-6 g/l, a chloride-sulfate calcium-sodium composition, and contains 50-110 mg/l of total hydrogen sulfide. The flow rate of the Rishtan springs exceeds 4 l/s, which is sufficient to provide water for a medical
While the identification of most mineral waters requires various water analyses, and radon waters even need a specially designed device — an emanometer, the presence of hydrogen sulfide waters can be recognized by the characteristic smell of this gas from a considerable distance from the spring or the flowing sulfide water from a well. Hydrogen sulfide waters are among the most valuable in balneology — they are what gives the fame to Greater Sochi as a world health resort, having been
Of all the gases found on Earth, radon is the rarest and most expensive, although it is difficult to take a sample of soil air or groundwater in which it is not detected, even in small amounts. Radon is a gas, a product of the radioactive decay of radium, with a half-life of 3.86 days, meaning it cannot accumulate since it decays relatively quickly. This feature has earned it the status of the most dangerous among radioactive poisons.
The origin of thermal waters is a topic of debate among specialists, no less than that of carbonic waters. At the same time, we will set aside cases like Yangang-Tau and, probably, Tashkumyr — here we have burning material, heat being released, and strict contours of the oxidation zone (after all, combustion is a relatively rapid oxidation) in a confined space, although even here, to be honest, there is no complete consensus among professionals. For the explanation of most other cases of
Tashkumyr Thermal Springs are located on the eastern outskirts of the city of Tashkumyr, on the cliff of the right bank of the Naryn River at the latitude of the "Severny" mine, a few meters above the river at an absolute elevation of just over 600 m. Here, for a hundred meters, one can observe about half a dozen jets of warm and hot water (in June 1978, geologist S. G. Shulgin recorded a temperature of 45°C in one of the springs). Its composition is consistently sodium sulfate with
Sary-Jaz Springs are located 3.5 km south of the village of Sary-Jaz at the foot of a nearly hundred-meter cliff on the left bank of the river of the same name at an absolute height of about 2400 m.
Pchansky Spring is well known to the residents of the western part of the Ak-Tal district and geologists in Kyrgyzstan. Its fame among the local population is due to the elevated water temperature (20°C) and high flow rate (about 15 l/s), as well as the memorable dome-shaped orifice with a diameter of 0.5 m; for geologists, it is notable as the only spring with anomalous temperature and water composition from the largest Talas-Fergana fault in the region, which defines the geological boundary
Kokomerensky Thermal Springs are located 14 km upstream from the confluence of the Kokomerena River with the Jumgal River, on the right bank at the base of the embankment of the road that runs here, which has incidentally shifted the location of the springs' emergence; the absolute elevation of the springs is close to 1650 m.
Airtash Warm Waters were brought to the surface by wells drilled by the Makmal Geological Exploration Party in 1974 for purposes far removed from the search for underground water.
The Red Book of the Kyrgyz SSR, published in 1985, included 13 species of mammals. The descriptions of the species, classification, and especially the information on their status were quite general. Over the years, the information, especially regarding bats, has significantly expanded. Information on the strategy for the conservation of mammals at the international level is easily accessible through modern information and communication technologies. Therefore, the publication of new data on
More than twenty years have passed since the publication of the last edition of the Red Book of the Kyrgyz SSR. It included 20 species from 16 genera of the class Aves. Even then, scientists from our country referred to international experience in nature conservation through the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources – IUCN. However, this did not go beyond references to this experience in the preface. At the same time, any wildlife conservation strategy,
The herpetofauna of Kyrgyzstan is generally impoverished, which is explained by the physical and climatic features of the territory, a significant part of which is occupied by high mountains with a harsh climate, and the lifestyle of amphibians and reptiles, which are the most thermophilic animals among vertebrate classes. Thus, there are nearly 5000 species of amphibians known worldwide, while only four species are found in the republic, one of which (the lake frog, a "complex"
Anthropogenic factors – the introduction of alien species, pollution of water bodies, irrigation activities, poaching – have led to a sharp decline in the populations of many indigenous fish species. Some of them have virtually ceased to appear in catches over the past 10 years and have been recommended for inclusion in the Red Book of Kyrgyzstan. Some species, whose numbers have significantly decreased, require specific measures for their protection and population recovery. These include the
The special geographical position of Kyrgyzstan in the depths of the Eurasian continent, at the junction of the Afghan-Turkestan and Dzhungar-Tian Shan biogeographical provinces, as well as its fragmented relief, determine the unique biological diversity of the arthropod fauna. According to some estimates, the arthropod fauna of Kyrgyzstan comprises 30,000 species. It is still not well studied, and new representatives of arthropods are discovered annually in various regions of the Republic,
Thermal Springs of Chon-Kyzylsuu are located 20 km southeast of the village of Pokrovka in the southeastern part of the Issyk-Kul region at an absolute altitude of 2400 m on the right bank of the Chon-Kyzylsuu River, below the confluence with its right tributary, the Jilisu stream.
Thermal waters of Ugut are located on the left bank of the Naryn River, 110 km west of the city of Naryn, 3.5 km downstream from the confluence of the Ala-Buga River at an absolute elevation of 1500 m.
Gulchinsky Spring is located 5 km southwest of the village of Gulcha on the left bank of the valley of the Jilisu stream at an absolute elevation of about 1900 m. The water is of the sulfate-bicarbonate magnesium-sodium-calcium type with a mineralization of just under 0.5 g/l, which is not unique and does not hold great value. The spring's discharge is close to 1.5 l/s — there are thousands of springs with such discharge in Kyrgyzstan. Finally, the water of Gulchinsky Spring contains just
Altyn-Arashan Spring is located 22 km southeast of the city of Karakol in the valley of the Arashan River. In this area, several groups of springs with anomalously high water temperatures are known, but only the middle group, located on the right bank of the Arashan River 200 m below the mouth of its right tributary, the Anarty River, at absolute elevations just over 2400 m, is used more or less regularly. A local balneotherapy center has been organized here, utilizing two small bathing pools
The Alamedin Deposit is located 28 km south of Bishkek city in the middle reaches of the Alamedin River at absolute elevations slightly below 1800 m. Like many other thermal water springs, it has been known for a long time and was used by the ancient population of the Chui Valley, as evidenced by archaeological finds in its vicinity.
Issyk-Ata Deposit is located 78 km southeast of Bishkek in the middle part of the picturesque valley of the same name river at absolute elevations of about 1750-1800 m. Good roads lead from Tokmak and Kant through the village of Yurievka to the Issyk-Ata resort, providing all-weather and year-round access for the settlements of the Chui Valley to this resort.