The First Stage of Developing a New Architecture

The development of new architecture began with the establishment of Soviet power in the territory of Kyrgyzstan and concluded by the mid-1930s. This period is characterized by the formation of almost all major spheres of architectural creativity. Urban planning began to develop in the republic simultaneously with the construction of new large industrial enterprises and the associated influx of rural population into cities. At the same time, rural settlements were also intensively built up. By the end of the 1920s, the first industrial enterprises of Kyrgyzstan began to produce goods. By the end of the second five-year plan, over 60 enterprises in heavy, light, and food industries had been built in the republic. At the same time, extensive construction of housing and public buildings was underway, and significant changes were occurring in rural construction. By 1931, estate plots for 10,000 households had been allocated in Kyrgyzstan, and in the following three years, houses were built for 45,000 families who transitioned from a nomadic to a settled lifestyle, along with the construction of more than two hundred well-equipped settlements with economic and production facilities.
The implementation of construction programs in the early years of Soviet power had the ultimate goal of addressing the socially significant task of creating conditions for the transition of the former nomadic and semi-nomadic population to a settled way of life.
Stylistically, this period is quite diverse. It mainly unfolds under the influence of constructivist ideas, while also featuring stylization in the spirit of medieval architecture of Central Asia and imitation of other architectural styles from the preceding period. In the early years, design work had to be carried out by engineers from the pre-revolutionary school or practicing engineers who were invited from the Russian Federation.
Among the specialists of this period, the most well-known are the engineers-builders Yu. B. Dubov and A. P. Zenkov, whose works reflected the problems and contradictions of that time. Here, one can observe stylized copying of Eastern forms, motifs of modernism, and constructivism. Despite the noted similarities in the work of these architect-engineers, there were also certain differences.