The session of the First May District Council of Frunze discussed the results of the work of the executive committee of the district council and the work of the permanent commission for industrial management for 1948. It was noted that as a result of the activities of the permanent commission of the district council on industry, the Council increased its attention to the work of industrial enterprises. The production plan in the light industry was fulfilled by 132.7%, and the state received
The adoption on March 18, 1946, by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the law "On the Five-Year Plan for the Restoration and Development of the National Economy of the USSR for 1946-1950" defined the tasks and outlined the main indicators for the restoration and further development of the national economy and culture of all union and autonomous republics. Its implementation required exceptional organization of competition among labor collectives. The executive committee of the Frunze
The victorious conclusion of the Great Patriotic War and the end of World War II marked a new stage in the history of the development of the peoples of the Soviet Union and in the entire world history. The country returned to peaceful labor. A restructuring of state leadership over the national economy was necessary, along with the right to regulate social relations. The system of state management bodies underwent serious changes, with the State Defense Committee and the union ministries of
In wartime conditions, the role of the communications workers in the capital significantly increased. They almost timely delivered correspondence to military personnel and their families. The radio played an important role in strengthening the connection between the state and the people, as well as the unity of the front and the rear. The residents of the capital regularly listened to the voice of Moscow, the reports from the Soviet Information Bureau about the progress of military actions on
During the war, the capital was the center of scientific thought in the republic, and the science and culture of Frunze provided assistance to the front, dedicating all their strength and knowledge to the Motherland. Teams from 18 research institutions shifted their focus to developing topics of defense and national economic significance. In November-December 1941, an evacuated biological department from Moscow arrived in Frunze, consisting of 5 institutes and 255 scientific staff led by
The countless sufferings brought by the fascist invaders to children in the occupied territories stained Soviet land with their blood, depriving them of their homes, fathers, and mothers. In the eastern regions of the country, in Toghfisle and Kyrgyzstan, trains with children were arriving. In this regard, caring for children in wartime was a task of enormous state importance. The future of the country largely depended on how local authorities managed this task. A commission was established
The local authorities showed particular concern for the veterans of the Great Patriotic War and the families of servicemen, those who bravely fought on the front lines defending the independence of the Motherland, sacrificing their health. The focus of the city and district councils was on providing material and medical assistance, creating necessary living conditions, and facilitating employment. At the end of June 1941, a commission for the appointment of benefits to the families of
During the war, many vivid heroic-patriotic essays were published in the republic, revealing the military exploits of Kyrgyzstanis. The activities of theatrical groups were subordinated to the interests of defending the Motherland - 7 front brigades, which included Kyrgyz masters of arts. During the war, they gave more than 2,500 concerts at the front. The defensive and organizational work of the city and district councils of the capital was of great importance in leading the collection of
In response to the request of the Frunze Mechanical Plant, on February 2, 1942, the Executive Committee of the City Council allocated a plot of land to the People's Commissariat for Mortar Armament for the expansion of the plant's territory and the construction of workshops. A total of 28 industrial enterprises were evacuated to Frunze from the front-line regions of the country, including a knitwear factory, the "Zdorovye" pharmaceutical plant, and a porcelain factory from
The temporary retreat of Soviet troops at the beginning of the war required urgent measures to relocate productive forces from the areas abandoned by the army and to create rear regions and additional military-economic bases in the east of the country. An endless stream of trains moved eastward, transporting equipment, evacuated enterprises, machinery, and inventory. Not only enterprises were evacuated, but also the population of the defense industry. The difficulty in addressing this task for
The decisive moment in the defeat of the advancing fascist occupiers was the Battle of Moscow, where one of the first to engage in combat was the 316th Rifle Division, commanded by the military commissar of the Kyrgyz Republic, Major General I. V. Panfilov from Frunze. The division was formed by the governments of two republics: Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan from conscripted soldiers and was multinational in its composition. The soldiers of this division participated in the battles near Moscow in
The war required the mobilization of large human and material resources. It was the organization and leadership in carrying out these tasks that were to be ensured by the workers of the state apparatus of the capital. According to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 22, 1941, work began in the city on the general mobilization of military personnel. In the city and in the Frunze region, military units and formations were formed in 1941-1942: the 40th Rifle
To ensure the tasks of reconstructing the national economy for military purposes, from the very beginning of the military actions in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, the restructuring of the work of Soviet bodies and the entire state apparatus was initiated. Their activities were subordinated to the tasks of mobilizing all forces and resources for victory over the enemy. The restructuring of state bodies mainly took place through the centralization of management, increasing the role of executive and
The harsh test of the functionality of the state apparatus of the capital came during the years of the Great Patriotic War of the peoples of the USSR against German fascism. After unleashing the Second World War in 1939 and enslaving several European countries, fascist Germany significantly increased its industrial and military potential and suddenly attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. By this time, Germany had occupied Czechoslovakia, Poland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark,
Since the beginning of 1940, there was an increase in labor activity among workers at industrial enterprises for fulfilling and exceeding production plans, as well as the movement of multi-machine operators. For instance, the workers of the flour mill and the sewing-knitwear factory were the first in the republic to switch to multi-machine servicing. Anna Fedorenko, a worker at the sewing-knitwear factory, began operating two machines, and by September, 12 workers were working using her
Development of Industry and Culture in the Capital The number of industrial enterprises and institutions in the capital continued to grow. By the end of 1937, the population reached about 100,000 people. The development of construction required daily oversight from the authorities. To bring the leadership closer to industrial enterprises and institutions, the city council petitioned the republic's government to create administrative-territorial districts in the city. On February 25, 1938,
Constitution of Kyrgyzstan March 23, 1937 According to the Constitution of the USSR, adopted on December 5, 1936, by the VIII All-Union Congress of Soviets, the Kyrgyz Soviet Republic was established as part of the USSR. On March 20, 1937, the V Extraordinary Congress of Soviets of the Kyrgyz SSR convened in the capital to discuss and adopt the Constitution of Kyrgyzstan, with 291 delegates participating in its work. Taking into account the amendments, additions, and changes proposed by the
Approval of the First Five-Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy In December 1929, the II session of the Central Executive Committee of the Kyrgyz ASSR approved the first five-year plan for the development of the national economy for 1928-1932, which provided for capital investments amounting to 240 million rubles, intended for the creation of an industrial base in Kyrgyzstan through the construction of new factories, plants, mines, and the reconstruction and expansion of the
The Final Formation of the Kyrgyz ASSR In January 1929, based on the recommendation of the city committee of the VKP(b) Kyrprofsoyveta, a draft decree was published for the deputies of the Frunze City Council. It stated that the main tasks of the City Council were to meet the material and cultural needs of the population. This contributed to the fact that the elections to the City Council took place with extraordinary activity from the city's workers.
Work of the City Council The City Council was the highest authority within the city territory. Its activities were aimed at improving the life and living conditions of the population, addressing all local issues, executing resolutions from higher authorities, and adopting and controlling the budget. In terms of urban development, the executive committee of the city council carried out the construction of roads, water supply systems, swamp drainage, city lighting, newly built and opened medical
Renaming of the city of Pishpek by the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on May 25, 1926, to the city of Frunze The renaming of Bishkek was of significant importance in its history, prompted by the sudden death on October 31, 1925, of the Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze — a native of the city of Pishpek. A compatriot of the Kyrgyz people, M. V. Frunze was one of the outstanding figures of the state, a talented and
City Improvement From March 27 to 30, 1925, the founding congress of the Councils took place in Pishpek. It was attended by 135 delegates with decisive votes and 29 delegates with advisory votes, representing almost all nationalities inhabiting Kyrgyzstan: 81 Kyrgyz, 29 Russians, 8 Uzbeks, 3 Ukrainians, and 14 others. The congress received congratulatory telegrams from the government of the RSFSR and fraternal republics. Local Soviet, party, and public organizations of Bishkek welcomed the
Official Proclamation of the Formation of National Statehood of the Kyrgyz People When forming the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region, the principles of territorial integrity and economic ties between the peoples of the newly formed autonomy were taken into account. Specifically, the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region included the Karakol, Naryn, and almost the entire Pishpek districts, the Jety-Su region, the Osh district, 10 volosts from the Andijan region, 10 volosts from the Namangan region, 2 volosts from
Petition of Kyrgyz Deputies for the Creation of National Statehood After losing their statehood in the early 13th century, the Kyrgyz people, being in colonial dependence on foreign conquerors, often found their national territory within various states, lacking an administrative center. The establishment of Pishpek as the capital is associated with the formation of the national statehood of the Kyrgyz people as a result of the October Revolution of 1917. However, a certain amount of time was
Congress of Councils of the Pishpek District During the land and water reform, representatives of the head of the Soviet government V. I. Lenin, specifically the representative of the Council of People's Commissars A. A. Ioffe, arrived from Moscow to Pishpek. The former chairman of the Pishpek urban revolutionary committee M. A. Yangulatov wrote in his memoirs that the chairman of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) and the SNK of the RSFSR A. A. Ioffe held a meeting in mid-September 1921
Decree "on the implementation of land and water reform" V. I. Lenin paid great attention to the letter from the Kyrgyz, and when preparing the draft resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) on Turkestan on June 13, 1920, there is a note from V. I. Lenin: "And what about the settlers, the kulaks? Robbery? And to equalize their lands? Where it speaks of the eviction of hostile elements to Soviet power, V. I. Lenin raised the question: "And the
The Kyrgyz in 1918 The unification of the city council in Pishpek and in other cities of the country with the district executive committees was explained not only by the desire to eliminate parallelism in work or the wish to simplify the structure of power in the city, but also as a manifestation of a certain limitation of the independence of the city council. In most cases, city councils did not have their own budget and did not possess the necessary fullness of power. Meanwhile, under the
White Guard Armed Rebellion The strengthening of Soviet power deprived the bourgeoisie of any hope of regaining their former authority "peacefully," and they now attempted to seize power through political struggle, also betting on preparing rebellions and taking power by armed means. This characterizes the political situation in Pishpek and the region in 1918. There was a party of Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) with 200 members and a party of Social Democrats (Bolsheviks) with 1,000
Conducting Land Reform The issue of land use became urgent. Based on the law on the socialization of land adopted by the Soviet government, work began on the expropriation of land from former landlords and non-working elements. Steam, water, mills, sawmills, brick, leather, cheese-making, and oil factories were transferred to the jurisdiction of the volost and district councils or handed over to agricultural communes and cooperatives. At this time, the land department of the Pishpek district
Recognition of Soviet Power From February 11 to March 3, 1918, the founding congress of the councils of the Pishpek district took place in Pishpek. Out of 81 delegates elected at village meetings, 66 participated in the congress. The Congress of Councils adopted a resolution recognizing Soviet power in the district, formed sections of the district council, adopted a resolution on transferring the zemstvo's affairs to the councils and on organizing land committees, and on reviewing the
The Beginning of the Recognition of Soviet Power in Pishpek and the District In the summer, front-line soldiers began arriving in the city. They quickly found common ground with the soldiers of the Pishpek garrison. The poorest population began to side with the revolution. The garrison was propagandized by the Bolsheviks. In November 1918, rallies of workers, soldiers, and peasants—diykans—were frequently held. From the suburban villages and artisans, they began to present a united front
THE COUP IN PISHPEK The political coup that began in Pishpek was accompanied by a change of power, ownership of the means of production, a restructuring of state administration, and the establishment of a socialist system of economic and cultural life. On March 3, 1917, a telegram from Petrograd conveyed to Pishpek the official announcement of the overthrow of the autocratic power and the arrest of tsarist ministers, as well as the formation of a provisional government in Russia. The
Reasons for the Start of the 1916 Uprising Against Tsarist Autocracy by the Peoples of Central Asia Pishpek, which served in the late 19th century as a place of exile for those deemed undesirable by the tsarist government for political reasons, became one of the centers for the spread of illegal revolutionary literature and the activities of social democracy in northern Kyrgyzstan. In 1903, Marxist-Leninist literature was distributed by Viktor Ivanovich Loytser, who had been exiled from
Gordskaya uprava in the Terentyev house. City Development In 1912, there were 12 educational institutions in Pishpek, including a men's gymnasium, a Russian-native and agricultural school, 3 madrasahs, and 6 primary schools. In the gymnasium in 1915, 122 children of imperial officials, officers, merchants, bais, and manaps studied, and in 1913, there were 3 Orthodox churches and 20 mosques. The increase in the number of educational institutions was associated with the growth of the
Transfer of the District Administration from Tokmak to Pishpek There is also information about the strategic significance of Pishpek, noting that in 1854, after the capture of the city of Almaty by the imperial troops, a 19,000-strong military detachment from the Kokand Khanate arrived in Pishpek to block further advances, consisting of 7,000 under the command of Khanat Shah and 12,000 under the command of the Andijan leader Alymbek Datka. They moved towards Almaty. In the battle that took
Kokand Fortress in Pishpek The natural and climatic conditions, along with the diverse riches of the Chui Valley, attracted the attention of foreign conquerors. After capturing the southern part of Kyrgyzstan in 1821, the Kokand Khanate sent 4,000 troops in 1825 to seize the Chui Valley, including Bishkek, where the Pishpek (Kuznechnaya) Fortress was built. The colonial administration also constructed the Ak-Suu (Belovodskoye), Kara-Balta, and Tokmok fortresses in the Chui Valley. These
THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BISHKEK Findings of stone tools by archaeologists during the construction of the Ala-Archa Hydroelectric Power Station on the eastern side of the city indicate that primitive people inhabited the territory of Bishkek in the 5th-4th millennium BC. Archaeologists also discovered settled populations on the left bank of the Ala-Archa River (village of Ala-Archa) dating back to before our era.
History of Bishkek In the state-building of a nation, its capital holds an important place. The Kyrgyz are one of the oldest peoples. Their ancestors, the Sogdian people, who inhabited Bishkek in the 2nd century BC, had their own statehood. In the past, one of its capitals was located in Talas, where the "Manas" mound - the ruler of the state - has been preserved. The city of Bishkek is the capital of modern Kyrgyzstan. Its historical journey presents scientific and practical
