Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Mogulistan from the period 906/1500–01 to 950/1543–44

Sheibani Khan, Mahmud Khan, Ahmed Khan, and Others... In 906/1500—01, Sheibani Khan, advised by Mahmud Khan, conquered Samarkand and Bukhara. Strengthening his power in Maverannahr and increasing his troops to fifty thousand, he decided to eliminate his recent patron, Mahmud Khan. Ahmed Khan, learning of his brother's difficult situation, left his eldest son Mansur Khan in Mogulistan and went to aid Mahmud Khan in Tashkent. The brothers decided to raid Fergana and besieged Ahsikent.

11.08.2020, 19:30

The epic "Manas" in prose

The Tale of Manas. Almanbet Comes to Kochcho. Part 2

Almanbet Comes to Kokcho. Part 2 Drunken Kokcho sometimes came to his senses and could barely see Almanbet before him. – You have Akerketch on your mind, you have been watching over her for a long time. You are thinking about Akerketch, you are keeping an eye on her anyway, – mumbled Kokcho.

06.08.2020, 06:00

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Construction of the Shapanvinkombinat in Frunze. Documents No. 145 and No. 146 (July 1944)

CORRESPONDENCE FROM THE NEWSPAPER "SOVIET KIRGHIZIA" ABOUT MOBILE LIBRARIES AT THE CENTRAL CITY LIBRARY IN FRUNZE Frunze, July 16, 1944 During the Great Patriotic War, the number of mobile libraries at the N.K. Krupskaya Central City Library in Frunze has doubled. There are now 50 of them, serving 12,040 people. Last year, the mobile libraries issued about 50,000 books.

05.08.2020, 16:10

The epic "Manas" in prose

The Tale of Manas. Almanbet Comes to Kokcho. Part 1

ALMANBET COMES TO KOKCHO Almanbet and Majik reached the vast main bay of Kyl-Ertish and stopped there. Almanbet took a telescope in his hands and surveyed the wide steppe stretching in the shimmering heat, looking around. On the shore of Kyl-Ertish, he saw countless people, and in the middle – on a purebred stallion, on a light horse with gray apples, sat proudly a stately hero. The hero descended from the hill and greeted Majik in Kalmyk, then they joined the majority. This was the hero

05.08.2020, 15:37

Fauna of Kyrgyzstan / Fish of Kyrgyzstan

Snakehead - Snakehead Fish

Snakehead - Channa (Ophiocephalus) argus A freshwater fish that reaches a length of about 110 cm and a weight of 9 kg. The snakehead has a long, almost entirely scaled body, a flattened head with a large mouth armed with numerous small, bristle-like teeth arranged in multiple rows. It has small eyes, a short snout, and a very long back part of the head, which houses a suprabranchial organ formed by the lamellar processes of the first gill arch and one of the skull bones. The mucous membrane of

03.08.2020, 20:20

Ballet

The Strengthening Mastery of B. Suslov on the Stage of the Kyrgyz Ballet Theater

Scene from the second act of the ballet "Romeo and Juliet": B. Suslov as Tybalt, E. Voevodkin as Mercutio. Honored Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR B. Suslov. L. A. Zhukov, who staged the ballet "Red Poppy" by R. Glière following "Swan Lake," entrusted B. Suslov with the role of Captain. Naturally, this static, non-dancing role could not captivate B. Suslov: Ma Lichen — that was the role to play! But what can you do.... The new choreographer of the theater, I. K.

03.08.2020, 19:42

Decorative and applied arts

The Use of Flat Seams by the Kyrgyz

Surface Stitches. Surface stitches include the basma, buraya, chirash, kepturme, suurma, jormyo, and stem stitches. The "basma" stitch is executed by laying rows of threads across the width of the pattern. Each thread is attached to the material with stitches that are thrown over this thread in several places. The stitches create a peculiar linear (or mottled) ripple on the embroidered surface (see Fig. 64, a, b). On the reverse side of the fabric, the surface stitches leave linear

01.08.2020, 11:07

Kyrgyz heroic epic "Manas"

Tashim Uulu Mar — the first Russian-speaking Manaschi

[/h2] [h2]About the poem "The Tale of Manas". The creative individuality of the writer is most vividly manifested in the poetic vocabulary — the lexicon of the work. The foundation of "The Tale of Manas" as a Russian-language work is, of course, Russian vocabulary. It is presented, as required by the laws of the folk epic, in various speech variants (everyday, colloquial, military, jargon, etc.) and different stylistic layers (common vocabulary,

01.08.2020, 10:48

Drinks of Kyrgyzstan

Bozo - a natural, national drink of the Kyrgyz people

Bozo A natural, national drink of the Kyrgyz people. It is very beneficial for women and children, while men prefer to drink it on the 3rd or 4th day. At that point, bozo acquires a slight alcoholic degree but does not lose its beneficial properties. Bozo effectively raises hemoglobin levels and strengthens the immune system. Bozo is made from crushed or coarsely ground millet, corn, wheat, or rice. The most delicious and strong bozo is made from millet and corn. The base of bozo is ugut

30.07.2020, 06:00

Osh - 3000

City of Osh: Center of Science, Culture, and Enlightenment

Primary Education in the City of Osh The city of Osh is not only a hub of industry but also a center of science, culture, and enlightenment. In the old days, there was only one Russian school in the city, where 2 teachers taught 65 students. In the lower city, there was a Russian-native school that only local bai and officials' children attended. During the Soviet era, the situation with public education changed dramatically. On May 20, 1918, a department of public education was

30.07.2020, 03:00

History and archeology of the ancient Tien Shan

Excavations in Kayragach

Temple Complex in the Village of Kayragach To the northwest of the village of Beshkent, on the left bank of the river, there is a large burial mound necropolis occupying five sites on a high terrace. Each of these sites contains between 2 to 7 mounds. The most thoroughly studied complex in the area is located in the village of Kayragach. It includes a large settlement, a necropolis of the settlement, and a burial mound necropolis. The settlement occupies a narrow floodplain terrace on the left

29.07.2020, 11:23

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Features of the First Stage of the Uprising of the Kyrgyz 1873-1876.

The National Liberation and Anti-Feudal Character of the Uprising The first stage of the uprising has ended, which had some of its own peculiarities, as we will discuss below. Here we will only note that the period of the uprising lasted about one and a half years. The actions of the rebels were local and spontaneous in nature. They arose in one area or another in the southern part of Kyrgyzstan. The uprising had a wide scope and was characterized by its mass participation. It involved 42

28.07.2020, 21:45

Poetic retelling of the epic "Manas"

The Epic of "Manas". The Tale of How Manas, Upset with His Father, Left the Khan's Throne

A Tale of How Manas, Offended by His Father, Left the Khan's Throne and Took Up Farming In Talas, the valiant Manas Established his khan's throne, Created a strong state. Brave warriors came from all sides To serve him, To protect the people and the land. And he gave each one a horse, Clothes, a shield, a spear, and a sword. He taught the art of battle, Organized races and wrestling, Generously distributing prizes. All around was peace and quiet. Grass grew, livestock thrived, On the

27.07.2020, 19:05

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of the Greedy Wolf

THE INSATIABLE GLUTTON DIES OF HUNGER In ancient times, there lived a wolf. And this wolf was very rich — he owned a lot of land. The wolf was rich, but very greedy and insatiable. He often roamed in search of prey. One day, the wolf came across a piece of kazy — horse sausage — on the road. The wolf was delighted.

27.07.2020, 18:57

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Events that Occurred in Moghulistan from 1485 to 1500.

Events 1485 — 1500 In the year of Yunus Khan's death (1485), Omar Sheikh sent troops led by his emirs to conquer Tashkent. On the way, they captured the fortified fortress of Ashtar. Mahmood Khan marched against them and killed every last one. The following year, Sultan Ahmed set out with an army of 150,000 against Mahmood Khan. They met on the banks of the Chir River (Chirchik) and stood opposite each other for three days. Among Sultan Ahmed's troops was Shaybani Khan, the grandson

27.07.2020, 18:34

Fauna of Kyrgyzstan / Fish of Kyrgyzstan

Amur Bullhead - Amur Ozon Bullhead

Amur Goby - Rhinogobius brunneus = R. similis Like the Amur loach, this species was introduced into the water bodies of Kyrgyzstan along with Amur herbivorous fish. It quickly spread not only in the water bodies of the Chui Valley but also in the Issyk-Kul region and the Toktogul Reservoir. It reaches a length of 6 cm, with typical sizes being 4–5 cm. Males are larger than females and are more brightly colored, with a bright sheen on the first dorsal fin. There is a suction cup on the chest

22.07.2020, 10:59

Ethnography

Leather Products among the Kyrgyz in the Late 19th - Early 20th Centuries

Leather. From the leather and hides of domestic and wild animals - horses, cows, camels, yaks, sheep, goats, foxes, martens, otters, mountain goats, and roe deer (Aitbaev, Ivanov, 1968, pp. 123-131) clothing was made (men's outer fur coats, hats, belts for elderly women, open skirts), footwear, dishes, household items, and horse harnesses. Lambskins (korne) were most often used for clothing. At home, the leather was cleaned, dyed, tanned, softened by hand or on a leather softener

22.07.2020, 10:35

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Organization at the Frunzensky Film Chronicle Studio's Dubbing Workshop. Document No. 144 (February 1944)

RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE KYRGYZ SSR AND THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY (BOLSHEVIKS) OF KYRGYZSTAN "ON THE ORGANIZATION AT THE FRUNZE STUDIO OF CINEMATOGRAPHY OF A DUBBING WORKSHOP FOR THE DUBBING OF FEATURE AND DOCUMENTARY FILMS IN THE KYRGYZ LANGUAGE" Frunze, February 8, 1944 Emphasizing the great political and cultural significance of releasing feature and documentary films with spoken dialogue or subtitles in the Kyrgyz language, the Council of

21.07.2020, 06:00

Kurmanjan Datka

The Alai Queen at the Most Tragic Moment of Her Life

The Grief of Kurmandzhan Datka In the published essay "Queen Alaya" in "Niva," B. Tagiyev describes the legendary datka in a completely different, very lamentable state: "In one of the numerous gorges of the Alay Range, known as Yaga-chart, a small aul consisting of no more than a dozen yurts huddles under a steep high cliff. But this aul is not like other Kyrgyz encampments. A certain special order reigns here, and the yurts (kibitkas) flaunt beauty and luxury. The

21.07.2020, 03:00

Kyrgyz fairy tales

Tales of the Greedy Crow and the Cunning Cat

THE GREEDY CROW Once, a crow decided to hatch some chicks. She laid eggs, but it seemed to her that there weren't enough. When she saw that her neighbor—the hawk—had flown away, she sneaked into his nest and stole 2 hawk eggs. She brought them back, placed them with her own eggs, and began to incubate them. The chicks hatched. The crow started to feed them. Soon, the young crows grew up, got their feathers, became strong, and began to leave the nest.

20.07.2020, 15:37

Poetic retelling of the epic "Manas"

The Epic "Manas". The Tale of How the Afghan Khan-Shoruk Suffered Defeat from the Kyrgyz

The Defeat of Afghan Khan Shooruk by the Kyrgyz Hey! In the south, where Alay lies, And nearby is Afghanistan (Where the Pashtuns live), The ruler of the maiymunduk tribe, The self-satisfied Khan Shooruk, Decided to subdue the Kyrgyz, To drive away all their livestock and herds, To push them far into the mountains. Shooruk had a family, children: Three sons, two daughters. And the eldest daughter Akylai Was gentle, slender in form And distinguished from others By her intelligence and bright

20.07.2020, 14:35

Ballet

Boris Vasilyevich Suslov

One of the Leading Soviet Artists of the Kyrgyz Ballet Theater B.V. Suslov Boris Vasilyevich Suslov — one of the leading artists of the Kyrgyz Ballet Theater — was born in Kyrgyzstan and grew up in the village of Prokhladnoye in the Alamudun district. In his childhood, he harbored a boyish dream of "flying away" to distant lands — to see with his own eyes the vast world that lay far beyond the Kyrgyz mountains. Yet, Boris Suslov never left; his native land always drew him back. As a

20.07.2020, 14:28

Decorative and applied arts

Ancient Kyrgyz Loop Stitches: Ilme, Ilmedos, Tuur Saimа

Loop Stitches The loop stitches ilme, ilmedos, tuura saima, and overlock stitches are considered to be of one type, as each of them is constructed using a loop, arranged and tightened differently. These stitches are not related to counting; they are embroidered according to a pre-planned pattern; they are ancient and characteristic of Central Asian embroidery. The "ilme" stitch is widely used among all Kyrgyz, as well as many other peoples, and dates back to ancient times. In the

18.07.2020, 21:49

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The title translates to "The Tale 'Who is Stronger?'"

WHO IS STRONGER? Once upon a time, a colorful Pheasant was running about his business when he unexpectedly slipped on the ice and fell. "Who knocked me onto my back?" he thought in confusion. — Ice, Ice, did you do this? — asked the frightened Pheasant. — Where do you get such strength?

17.07.2020, 03:00

The epic "Manas" in prose

The Tale of Manas. The Departure of the Hero Alambet from His People

The Departure of the Hero Almambet from His People In Beijing, China, there appeared a khan named Alooke. His son was similar to his father in every way, and everyone trembled in fear at the sound of his voice; all people feared his glory – he quickly became famous for his cruelty. He began his unjust deeds at the age of nine, and by eleven, the numerous people of China, unable to bear his demands, scattered across the world. At thirteen, he sowed discord among the people, killed a monk, and

16.07.2020, 21:47

History and archeology of the ancient Tien Shan

Ancient Settlement in the Valley of the Khozha-Bakyrgan River

Feature of the Oasis Topography In the narrow mountain valleys of Fergana, the terrain was skillfully utilized for fortification purposes. Settlements were located in such a way that they controlled significant areas of the valley, creating a complex defense system for the oases. A distinctive feature of the oasis topography is the extremely close proximity of settlements and burial sites.

16.07.2020, 16:24

Meat and offal dishes

Susamyr - Beefsteak in Kyrgyz Style

Susamyr (Beefsteak) In Kyrgyzstan, food made from lamb is very popular. This culinary recipe is one of the Kyrgyz recipes that does not follow this rule. It is made from beef. If you want to surprise your guests, prepare the "Susamyr" beefsteak. Beef tenderloin is cut across the grain, lightly beaten, trying to give each piece the shape of a patty.

15.07.2020, 06:00

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Assistance of the Tsarist Colonial Authority in Suppressing the Popular Uprising

Mumyn Shamurzakov In May 1874, 5-6 thousand Kyrgyz, nomadic in Kara Kuldzha, rose up. Led by Mamyr Mergenov, they occupied the village of Bazar-Kurgan, located 8 versts from Andijan. The rebels attempted to take the city of Andijan but were unsuccessful. A punitive detachment of 2,000 soldiers was sent against them. It managed to suppress this uprising and capture hundreds of prisoners, as well as many horses and various trophies. The leader of the rebels, Mamyr, was forced to flee to Russian

15.07.2020, 03:00

Fauna of Kyrgyzstan / Fish of Kyrgyzstan

Mississippi Gambusia

Mississippi Gambusia - Gambusia affinis Small livebearing fish from America. Most gambusias are freshwater, although some can inhabit brackish or saltwater. Males differ from females by their smaller body size and long ventral fins. Gambusia was introduced to Kyrgyzstan to eradicate malaria mosquitoes, first in the water bodies of the southern regions of the country, and later in the Chui region. Gambusia quickly multiplied in the water bodies of the Chui Valley.

14.07.2020, 12:08

Osh - 3000

F. R. Semernin — Ethnographer and Historian

Fedor Romanovich Semernin Allow us to say a few words about another remarkable person. Fedor Romanovich Semernin has been studying the history of the city of Osh for over 40 years. During this time, he has accumulated no less than two thousand archival and historical materials about the workers of Osh who contributed to the establishment and development of the city. Thanks to his efforts, more than 1,400 units of historical materials have been transferred to the Osh State Regional Archive for

14.07.2020, 11:54

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

The Reign of Yunus Khan over Moghulistan in 1468–1487.

Yunus Khan Ulugh Beg of Moghulistan, the ruler of the western part of Kashgaria, Seyid Ali, died in 862/1457—58. His elder son, Sansiz Mirza, became the ruler of Yarkand, while the younger, Muhammad Haidar, ruled Kashgar. However, the former supported Yunus Khan, while the latter backed Esen-Buka. As a result, Sansiz Mirza captured Kashgar, and his ruler fled to Aksu. In 866/1462—63, Esen-Buka Khan died. Taking advantage of this, Yunus Khan, who was in Zhetikent, with the help of Abu Said,

13.07.2020, 13:40

Kyrgyz heroic epic "Manas"

The Traditional Feature of the Epic "Manas"

The Epic "Manas" — A True Encyclopedia of Kyrgyz Life in Historical Time In "The Tale of Manas" by M. Baidzhiev, there are many monologues, sought out by the experienced hand of the playwright. Some of them (Kanykey's appeal to Almanbet before the Great Campaign, Almanbet's monologue upon encountering his territory, Manas's prayer, Manas's last will) are perceived as independent excerpts of text. At the same time, M. Baidzhiev, as a playwright, shows an

13.07.2020, 12:24

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Construction of Sewage System in Frunze. Document No. 143 (1943)

RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE KYRGYZ SSR AND THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY (BOLSHEVIKS) OF KYRGYZSTAN "ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SEWAGE SYSTEM IN THE CITY OF FRUNZE" City of Frunze 1943 In order to improve the sanitary condition and landscaping of the city of Frunze, in connection with the growth of industry and the increase in population, in accordance with the resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Council

06.07.2020, 20:13

Kurmanjan Datka

Faces of the Mountain Ruler Alaya

Description of the Mother of the People Alaya by Tageev Kurmandzhan, receiving the "military correspondent" over the years, presents herself in two of her incarnations: first, as a powerful and mighty datka in the glory of her fame, and then as a grief-stricken old woman mourning the untimely death of her beloved son. With meticulousness worthy of a professional historian, Tageev describes these faces of the Mother of the People Alaya in minute detail. For example, in Chapter IV of

06.07.2020, 20:02

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Sovereign Master of Moghulistan

The Beginning of the Formation of the Kazakh Khanate. In the second half of the 15th century, eastern Mongols penetrated into the steppe regions of Ordos and Kukonor, cutting off the Oirat's access to the markets of China. As a result, the latter began to intensify military actions towards the Turfan oasis, Mogulistan, and Central Asia. Moreover, the basis of conflicts between the Oirat princes and the khans of Mogulistan was their desire to expand their territories, increase the number

02.07.2020, 20:34

Ethnography

Wooden Products of the Kyrgyz in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries

Wooden Products Wooden products have long been widely used in everyday life. Wood craftsmen (жыгач уста) valued poplar (терек), willow (тал), juniper (арча), birch (кайын), black wood (кайрагач, кара жыгач), apricot (врук), walnut (жангак), apple (алма жыгач), and other trees. They primarily worked on orders, and each craftsman had their own specialization (Burkovsky, 1954, p. 96; Antipina, 1962, p. 144; Cherkasova, 1968, pp. 132, 133; Kapalbaev, 2007). From local wood species, they made the

01.07.2020, 22:44

Ballet

Dance — the Element of U. Sarbagishev

Achievements of U. Sarbagishev During the decade of Kyrgyz art in Moscow, Uran Sarbagishev successfully performed in the roles of Kadyra and Nurdin. After the decade, Sarbagishev experienced a new creative upsurge, preparing the role of Albrecht ("Giselle" by A. Adam).

01.07.2020, 22:10

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Organization of a Watch Manufacturing Plant in Frunze. Document No. 142 (January 1943)

RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE KYRGYZ SSR AND THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY (BOLSHEVIKS) OF KYRGYZSTAN "ON THE ORGANIZATION OF A WATCH FACTORY IN THE CITY OF FRUNZE" City of Frunze, January 5, 1943. The Council of People's Commissars and the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Kyrgyzstan resolve: 1. To recognize the organization of a state watch factory in the city of Frunze for the production of miniature alarm

28.06.2020, 20:44

Decorative and applied arts

Various Techniques of Kyrgyz Embroiderers

Stitch "d j or m o m ё" The stitch "d j or m o m ё" (from the word "жормо" — to sew through the edge), i.e., cross stitch, has three variants in Kyrgyz embroidery, differing from each other in technique, pattern, the item being embroidered, and the material used. The first variant is chronologically earlier, while the other two are characteristic of the Soviet era. In the early period, Kyrgyz people embroidered narrow strips with cross stitch, which were sewn onto

28.06.2020, 20:20

Poetic retelling of the epic "Manas"

The Epic of "Manas". The Tale of How Khan Alooke, Upon Seeing Manas, Fled from Fergana

A Tale of How Khan Alooke, Upon Seeing Manas, Fled from Fergana In the hands of the Chinese was then Our blessed Turkestan. The people were ruled in Fergana By the Chinese Khan Alooke. Cruel and merciless was This Khan to the Turkic peoples. And whoever did not flatter him, Was slaughtered like a sheep. To poverty he brought the people With a burdensome tax. One hundred thousand ingots of gold And as many sable skins Were collected only in Margilan. And all the pretty maidens He took into his

28.06.2020, 19:43

The epic "Manas" in prose

The Tale of Manas. Proclamation of Manas as Khan

VICTORY OVER ALOOKE AND THE PROCLAMATION OF MANAS AS KHAN The pursuers chased the enemy day and night and reached the shores of Kum-Aryk. When dawn broke and it began to lighten, the troops of Alooke crossed the Shyta-Kechuu and Tash-Kechuu by wading, and at the very foothills, the wise Bakai ascended to survey the surroundings. At that time, in the area of Boyrok, by the shores of the Great Ak-Chiya, the hero Alooke sat in a white tent adorned with golden cords. Clouds of smoke billowed – the

23.06.2020, 12:37

History and archeology of the ancient Tien Shan

Andarkhan Burial Ground

Andarkhan Burial Ground - the first monument of the Akhtam culture in southwestern Fergana. Monuments from the 1st millennium BC in the Fergana region are rare. These are small burial grounds, consisting of 5-10 mounds with stone embankments. In the Tashravat area, we have investigated two burial grounds, where heavily damaged human skeletons were discovered. The burials were made at an ancient horizon. Among the stones in the embankment, small fragments of clay vessels of the Andronovo type

23.06.2020, 12:12

Osh - 3000

Ganiжан Davydov

Head of the Elders in the Neighborhood When it comes to the establishment of the city of Osh as a cultural and industrial center of southern Kyrgyzstan, it is essential to mention the native Osh resident who dedicated over 65 years of his life to the prosperity of his hometown — pensioner Ganiжан Давыдов. Ganiжан Давыдов, born in 1913, is an agricultural worker by education. Back in 1930, under his leadership, 665 individual farmers united to form a collective farm. As the secretary of the

22.06.2020, 14:09

Secrets of Issyk-Kul Lake

Transgressions and Regressions at Issyk-Kul

What fate awaits modern culture? We have talked about the tragic fate of just one sunken city in the waters of the lake. Researchers know of more than a dozen such cities beneath the waves of Issyk-Kul, which perished as a result of disasters. What nature did these disasters have? Academician L. S. Berg had no doubt: “The underwater ruins at Issyk-Kul,” he wrote, “are due to the subsidence of part of the shore as a result of earthquakes.” Tectonic disasters at Issyk-Kul, located in a highly

21.06.2020, 12:30

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Esin-Buka and Other Emirs

Esan-Buka Esan-Buka, his ulusbek (Seiid Ali), and his court continued to pursue the supporters of Yunus-khan. As a result, some of the tribes of Baaryn and Churas that did not go to Samarkand migrated to the eastern outskirts of Moghulistan and recognized the authority of the Oirat leader Amansandji-Tayshi, son of Esen-Tayshi. The Kaluchi and Bulgachi tribes went to Abul-Khayr-khan in Central Kazakhstan. At the same time, Esan-Buka was not confident in the stable support of the nomadic feudal

21.06.2020, 12:10

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Unsuccessful Performances of Kyrgyz Rebels in the Second Half of 1874.

Failures of the Kyrgyz Rebels in Their Struggle Against Punitive Forces The rebels occupied the kystaks of Akhmat, Nanai, and Kuk-Yar, whose residents joined them. The uprising quickly grew. It was supported by the local Uzbek labor population, who were suffering under the oppression of the khan and his officials. The rebels approached the city of Namangan. A punitive detachment was sent against them, led by the bek of that city. However, not daring to engage with the numerous rebels, this

20.06.2020, 10:50

Kurmanjan Datka

B. L. Tagiyev, Who Immortalized the Image of Kurmandjan Datka in Literature

Boris Leonidovich Tagiyev Among the many documentary evidences that have immortalized the image of Kurmandzhan Datka, there is also a literary work. Its author was fortunate not only to meet the Alaï queen multiple times but also to be among the close acquaintances of this famous woman. We are talking about a writer who captivated Russian and Western European readers at the end of the 19th century with his remarkable essays and stories about life in Central Asia. They were mainly published in

20.06.2020, 10:21

Kyrgyz heroic epic "Manas"

8 Thousand Lines of "The Tale of Manas" by M. Baidzhiev

Innovation of M. Baidzhiev What dramatic elements did M. Baidzhiev transform in 'The Epic of Manas'? Action, characterized by activity, purposefulness, and density; conflict, defining the unity of action; "self-assertive" manifestation of characters through actions and direct speech of the characters. Naturally, this required a transformation of the epic form of 'Manas'. M. Baidzhiev practically abandoned repetitions — brief retellings of events preceding new

19.06.2020, 11:06