Myths and legends

The Legend of the Balasagun Minaret

BALASAGUN-BURANA An expansive valley, bordered by two mountain ranges, is filled with pure and fresh air. Through it, one can see nearby and distant estates, the reddish walls of buildings made of burnt brick, and among the green crowns of poplars and white mulberries, the domes of mosques once stood out as red spots. The fate of Balasagun was fraught with difficulties. Once, in ancient times, fire worshippers from Sogdiana came to this blessed valley and founded a city. Over the centuries,

18.09.2019, 12:51

Ballet

1959 - Film adaptation of the ballet "Cholpon"

Release of the film 'Cholpon' The success of the ballet performance 'Cholpon' during the decade of Kyrgyz art in Moscow (1958) was so great that the idea of its screen adaptation arose. Prominent artists of Soviet cinema took on the task. The director was the honored artist of the RSFSR and the Kyrgyz SSR Roman Tikhomirov (known to audiences for the film 'Eugene Onegin'), and the chief cameraman was Apollinary Dudko. "Using the experience gained from working

18.09.2019, 12:24

Secrets of Issyk-Kul Lake

Weak Technical Capabilities for Researching Issyk-Kul and Global Practices

World Practice in the Study of Marine Depths The study of underwater cities is an extremely difficult, often dangerous, and costly endeavor, and the scientific results obtained here are incomparably lower than those from excavations of settlements on land. Therefore, archaeologists very rarely undertake underwater work. In world practice of underwater archaeological research, preference is rightly given to the study of sunken ships. For example, many valuable items have been raised from

17.09.2019, 13:11

Kurmanjan Datka

The Joining of the Kyrgyz to Kokand in the Late 18th Century.

The Performance of Kyrgyz Tribes Against the Conquest Policy of Irdana. In the Sagymbaev version of the epic "Manas," in the chapter "The Campaign Against Beidzhin," there is a thought about the necessity of uniting the Kyrgyz tribes and replacing internal conflicts (in particular, the rebellion against Manas) with participation in the war against an external enemy - the Kalmyks and China under the leadership of a glorious leader. Hyperbolization of events, as a common

17.09.2019, 12:19

Kyrgyzstanis — Full cavaliers of the Order of Glory

Full Cavalier of the Order of Glory Mikhail Kuzmich Gerasimov

Gerasimov Mikhail Kuzmich Air gunner of the 90th Guards Assault Aviation Staro-Konstantinov Regiment (4th Guards Assault Aviation Kiev Red Banner Order of Kutuzov 2nd Class Division, 5th Guards Assault Aviation Vinnitsa Red Banner Orders of Kutuzov 2nd Class and Bohdan Khmelnytsky 2nd Class Corps, 5th Air Army, 2nd Ukrainian Front), Guards sergeant – at the time of nomination for the Order of Glory 1st Class. Born on October 20, 1920, in the village of Zelenaya Rosha, Barnaul County, Altai

17.09.2019, 10:55

Myths and legends

The Legend of the Founding of Barshana

BARS KHAN An analysis of the legend provided by Gardizi to explain the etymology of the toponym "Barskhan" suggests the presence of an Iranian-speaking, possibly Sogdian population there. The Iranian historian directly states: "The inhabitants of Barskhan are descended from the Persians, namely the residents of Fars." The narrative then recounts an elaborate tale of how Alexander the Great, having conquered Iran, took hostages from noble Persian families to prevent

15.09.2019, 16:43

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Valuable Sources on the History of the Kyrgyz in the 16th-17th Centuries. Part - 6

Works of Medieval Authors The work "Shajaray-i Turk va Mogul" ("Genealogy of the Turks and Mongols"), written in Khorezm, immediately gained widespread recognition. Its numerous copies have been translated into various languages, including Russian. The author of "Shajaray-i Turk" is the Khivan khan and historian Abul-Ghazi (1603—1664). However, he did not manage to complete his work, and at the request of his son, it was finished by a certain Mahmoud from Urgench.

15.09.2019, 16:19

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Passport of the City of Frunze 1930 - 1933. Document No. 85

City of Frunze PASSPORT OF THE CITY OF FRUNZE 1930-1933 I GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY

15.09.2019, 11:26

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

The Andijan Uprising of 1916 in Turkestan

Popular Movements. The Andijan Uprising is recorded in history as the largest popular movement of the late 19th century in the Turkestan region. The main causes of the uprising were the colonial policies of tsarism, the intensification of social and national oppression, and the arbitrariness imposed by the Russian administration on the local population. Various social strata from several nations participated in the uprising, including Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, as well as representatives of other

14.09.2019, 21:25

Historical figures

Fedor Arthurovich Fielstrup

F.A. Fielstrup - one of the first ethnographers studying the Kyrgyz One of those who stood at the origins of Soviet ethnographic science, but whose name was unjustly forgotten for many years, was F.A. Fielstrup (February 19, 1889 - December 7, 1933). Fedor Arturovich Fielstrup was born in St. Petersburg into the family of an electrical engineer.

14.09.2019, 13:33

Myths and legends

Myths of the Kyrgyz in the Early 20th Century about Albarsy

Albarsty Pishpek District, Burana Region, village of Gaur How Khaireddin Khashimbekov saw albarsty. An aunt came and started talking to him; her feet were turned backward, and her resemblance to the aunt was incomplete in appearance. Khaireddin was sitting on a horse with a whip in hand. He quickly straightened up and swung at her (he had heard about this shapeshifter before), and the albarsty disappeared.

14.09.2019, 12:28

Main dishes of Kyrgyzstan

Khorkhog - Genghis Khan's Favorite Dish

Genghis Khan's favorite dish - "Meat on stones". It's a pity that many of the original dishes that have accompanied humanity for millennia are fading into the past. We cook on stoves, in ovens, and in multicookers, eat bland food, and chew on lettuce leaves, occasionally going out into nature and considering shashlik to be the most "picnic-like" dish. But sometimes you crave something real, vibrant, hearty, and unusual at the same time. So today we will be

13.09.2019, 12:06

Ballet

The Significant Role in the Artistic Design of the Ballet "Cholpon" by A. V. Arefyev

Artistic Design by A. V. Arefyev The role of the artistic design created by the People's Artist of the USSR A. V. Arefyev is significant. It is inseparable from the music and dance. Moreover, in the production of the ballet "Cholpon," dance and design are organically fused. An example can be seen at the beginning of the act, which has an allegorical meaning. A picturesque, gnarled tree occupies a large part of the stage. However, it turns out that it has long lost its strength.

13.09.2019, 11:28

Fauna of Kyrgyzstan / Birds of Kyrgyzstan

Red-headed Duck - Duck

Red-headed diving duck, also known as the red-headed or blue diving duck, belongs to the so-called diving ducks. A characteristic feature of these ducks is their ability to dive well and stay underwater for a relatively long time. Unlike river ducks, they forage at significant depths and can live in deep-water bodies. The red-headed diving duck is a fairly large, robust duck with a large head. Its weight ranges from 0.7 to 1.3 kg. It swims excellently, sitting quite low in the water, with its

12.09.2019, 14:07

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Works of Muhammad Haider and Mahmoud ibn Wali. Part - 5

“Tarikh-i Rashidi” and “Bahr al-Asrar” The work “Shaibani-name” (“Book about Shaibani”) provides a more detailed account than other written sources regarding the relationships between the Mongol rulers Mahmud and Ahmed Khan with Muhammad Shaibani Khan (Uzbek) and Burunduk Khan (Kazakh), who fought for the Syr Darya cities. The author of the work, Kamal ad-Din Bianni (1453—1512), served at the court of Muhammad Shaibani Khan. Based on personal observations and eyewitness accounts, he compiled

12.09.2019, 13:27

Secrets of Issyk-Kul Lake

Trophies of Issyk-Kul

Recent Research Extensive research work on Issyk-Kul in the 1920s was conducted by a native of Kyrgyzstan, the subsequently well-known orientalist P. P. Ivanov. He was the first to approach the study of the underwater mysteries of Issyk-Kul with expertise and professionalism. After surveying the coastal waters of the lake by boat, P. P. Ivanov registered underwater ruins of settlements in the areas of Chon-Koysu, the Tyup Bay, and Koy-Sary. He attributed them to a single time period, believing

12.09.2019, 12:53

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Letter from N. K. Krupskaya to the Cultural and Educational Department of the Kirghiz Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Document No. 84 (December 1933).

N. K. Krupskaya LETTER FROM THE DEPUTY PEOPLE'S COMMISSAR OF EDUCATION OF THE RSFSR N. K. KRUPSKAYA TO THE CULTURAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF THE KIROV REGIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE VKP (b) ON PROVIDING ASSISTANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIBRARY AFFAIRS IN THE REPUBLIC Moscow, December 4, 1933 Dear comrades, I kindly ask you to support the scientific library of Frunze and help it to firmly establish itself.

09.09.2019, 14:03

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

The Industry of Kyrgyzstan within the Russian Empire

The Industry of Kyrgyzstan in the Territory of Turkestan In the early 1890s, intensive exploration and development of coal and oil deposits began in the southern part of the Turkestan region. Since 1898, coal seams were being developed in Kyzyl-Kiya. Coal and oil deposits were discovered in other regions as well, where they were gradually being developed. By the early 20th century, relatively large enterprises appeared in both the manufacturing and extractive industries. These included cotton

09.09.2019, 13:44

Ballet

U. Sarbagishev, S. Abdujalilov, B. Alimbaev in solo parts of the ballet "Cholpon"

Frame from the movie "Cholpon - the Morning Star". Starring: Nurdin—U. Sarbagishev, jinn — S. Abdujalilov. Brilliant Performance of Solo Parts in the Ballet "Cholpon" The role of Nurdin in the latest stage version of the ballet is performed by Uran Sarbagishev. Nurdin-Sarbagishev is an unusual character. The son of a khan who falls in love with a simple girl, thereby breaking the grim custom of olden times. The artist creates a poetic image of a young man who is alien to

09.09.2019, 11:33

Myths and legends

Legends and Traditions of the Kyrgyz in the Early 20th Century

Legends and Myths Sagimbai Orosbekov Ablai Khan boasts that he can "negotiate" with anyone. The Kyrgyz sent a yellow Chuvash against him114. The Khan said he was going to Tashkent (and the yellow Chuvash lived in Talas near Auliye-ata), so let the yellow Chuvash prepare to meet him.

09.09.2019, 11:11

Kurmanjan Datka

Aggressive-Expansionist Policy of Manchu-Qing China in Eastern Turkestan

Armed Resistance of the Kyrgyz Against Chinese Troops At the same time, Eastern Turkestan became the target of the aggressive expansionist policy of Manchu-Qing China. With the defeat of the Dzungar Khanate, the Qing nearly exterminated its local Oirat population. A century later, A.N. Kuropatkin, who visited Eastern Turkestan, wrote: “The Chinese probably considered their power in Dzungaria to be unstable because this country was acquired without bloodshed.

08.09.2019, 22:06

Kyrgyzstanis — Full cavaliers of the Order of Glory

Full Cavalier of the Order of Glory Bukhantsev (Bukhantsov) Kirill Ivanovich

Bukhantsev (Bukhantsov) Kirill Ivanovich – assistant commander of the platoon of the 681st rifle regiment (133rd rifle division, 40th army, 2nd Ukrainian front), sergeant – at the time of his nomination for the Order of Glory 1st class. Born on July 17, 1919, in the village of Lebedinka, now in the Alamudun district of Chui region, Republic of Kyrgyzstan, in a peasant family. Russian. Primary education. Worked in a collective farm, then in a production cooperative. In 1939, he was drafted into

08.09.2019, 18:29

Myths and legends

The Legend of Mahmud of Barskhan - the Great Scholar of the Middle Ages

MAHMUD BARSKHANI In these mountains, an unheard-of event occurred: a poor young man, an orphan, dared to raise his gaze to the younger wife of the clan leader, the powerful bek-tarkhan Ogul-bars. Even more unprecedented was the fact that this gaze met with complete sympathy from seventeen-year-old Burul. Outraged by the sacrilege, the relatives wanted to act according to the old custom — to stone the offenders. But a third unheard-of event occurred: Ogul-bars forbade it. "I will think of

07.09.2019, 11:25

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

Encouragement of the Russian Administration for the Development of Fair and Stationary Trade

Flour Market of 1899. Trade. The Russian administration encouraged the development of both fair and stationary trade. The largest fairs were the Auliye-Ata, Atbash, and Karkara fairs. To enhance the trade significance of cities and attract livestock breeders, fairs were established in the cities as well. Thus, the Przhevalsk, Pishpek, and Tokmak city fairs were opened. Such fairs did not hinder the development of stationary trade; on the contrary, they gradually merged with it and transformed

07.09.2019, 11:06

Secrets of Issyk-Kul Lake

Unwavering Interest in the Underwater Monuments of Issyk-Kul

Ruins at the bottom of Lake Issyk-Kul Attention remains focused on the underwater ruins of Issyk-Kul However, interest in the underwater mysteries of Issyk-Kul has not disappeared. In 1886, geologist I. V. Mushketov presented a report titled "Motives and Objectives of Research on Khan-Tengri" to the Physical Geography Section of the Russian Geographical Society—regarding the organization of a special expedition to the Khan-Tengri mountain system in the Tian Shan. Although the

07.09.2019, 10:28

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Establishment of the Union of Soviet Artists in Frunze. Document No. 83 (November 1933)

PROTOCOL OF THE SECOND ORGANIZATIONAL MEETING OF THE ACTIVE ARTISTS OF FRUNZE UNDER CULTPROP OF THE KYRGYZ REGIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE VKP (b) ON THE CREATION OF THE UNION OF SOVIET ARTISTS OF KYRGYZSTAN AND THE ORGANIZATION I REPUBLICAN ART EXHIBITION Frunze, November 1, 1933 Heard: 1. Information from artist Chuykov about the organization of the Union of Soviet Artists of Kyrgyzstan.

06.09.2019, 11:56

Fauna of Kyrgyzstan / Birds of Kyrgyzstan

Black-headed Bunting - Kara-shtamptoo

Black-headed Stonechat. Stonechats (Saxicola) are a genus of birds in the thrush family. The black-headed stonechat measures 13 - 14 cm in length and weighs 17 - 19 g. Its head and back are black, and the wing coverts are white. There is a bright white spot on the shoulders. The chest is orange, and the underside is white. The legs and beak are black. The female differs in having a brown coloration. Stonechats feed on insects.

06.09.2019, 11:27

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Manuscripts Narrating about Moghulistan. Part - 4

Immortal Manuscripts of Medieval Authors “Zafar-name” (“Book of Victories”) is the first official history of Timur's reign. Its author, Nizam ad-Din Shami, came from the suburb of Tabriz. In 1393, he entered the service of Timur, who commissioned him to write the history of his rule. Nizam ad-Din Shami presented the political history of the Timurids, their campaigns based on official documents, records of scribes, diaries, and oral accounts from participants in the events, as well as

06.09.2019, 11:15

Attractions of Chuy Region

Memorial Complex for the Victims of Repression "Ata-Beyit"

Memorial Complex for the Victims of the Chon-Tash Burial DESCRIPTION OF THE MONUMENT The memorial complex (total area - 2 hectares) consists of a sculptural composition and a museum. The sculptural composition includes: a brick firing oven - the place where 137 people were shot and initially buried; a memorial monument (on September 8, 1999, 137 people were reburied here). The "Ata-Beyit" Museum (area - 400 sq. m) features documents and photographs of the political development of

06.09.2019, 09:45

Historical records

One Hundred Thirty-Seven Chon-Tash Victims of the NKVD

FATE CONNECTED THEM FOREVER The official history of the discovery of the burial site sounds like an exciting movie plot. In her memoirs, excerpts of which are presented in the exhibition of the Ata-Beyit Museum, Byubura Kydyralieva, the daughter of a guard at the favorite resort of NKVD employees in the village of Chon-Tash, recalls how as a child she, along with her brothers and sisters, was taken away from the village for a week. This happened around the same time that executions of

04.09.2019, 10:00

Myths and legends

The Legend of the Birth of Manas

THE BIRTH OF MANAS Such a heavy year had not been known by the brave Kyrgyz for a long time: the state had collapsed, great heroes had laid down their brave heads in distant campaigns, and there was no peace from the enemies. The Chinese and Kalmyks came to Kyrgyz villages as lords. They burned yurts, killed people, and stole livestock. Thousands of captives were taken away by the enemies to foreign lands... This was more than a thousand years ago. In a foreign land in the Altai mountains

04.09.2019, 05:11

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Protocols of Meetings on Urban Improvement Issues in the City of Frunze. Documents No. 81 - 82 (1932)

FROM THE PROTOCOL OF THE PLENARY MEETING OF THE FRUNZE CITY COUNCIL OF THE 5TH CONVOCATION ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE CITY Frunze, March 20, 1932 Heard: Report on the improvement of the city (Privalo) with a co-report on the green park in the working area (Fomichev).

04.09.2019, 04:56

Ballet

Reine Chokoeva and Bibisara Beishenalieva as Aydai

The embodiment of Beishenalieva and Chokoeva in the role of Aydai Despite the many years since the first performance of "Cholpon," the same performers have continued to appear until recently — B. Beishenalieva, Ch. Dzhamanova, A. Khandranova, and the performer of the role of Nurdin, N. Tugelov, is now one of the directors of the production. Currently, new performers have emerged. Particularly noteworthy was the performance in the title role by Reina Chokoeva — a graduate of the

04.09.2019, 04:42

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Planning the Construction of Sports Facilities in Frunze. Document No. 80 (March 1932)

EXTRACT FROM THE PROTOCOL OF THE MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE KYRGYZ ASSR ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF PHYSICAL CULTURE FACILITIES Frunze, March 8, 1932. Heard: On the construction of physical culture facilities (Introduced by the All-Union Council of Physical Culture, report by Comrade Balin).

03.09.2019, 22:38

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

Economic Transformations After the Region Joined the Russian Empire

Economic Transformations. In the second half of the 19th century, significant shifts occurred in the development of livestock breeding and agriculture; the population began to engage in gardening, viticulture, and beekeeping. Targeted breeding work was carried out to improve livestock breeds, and the variety of agricultural plants expanded. Internal and external trade reached a new level. After the region joined the Russian Empire, changes occurred in the social structure of the Kyrgyz. Based

03.09.2019, 21:46

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

Characteristics of Eastern Written Sources on the History of Moghulistan. Part - 3

The History of Moghulistan from Eastern Written Sources We move on to the characteristics of Eastern written sources on the studied issue. Marco Polo (13th century), along with his uncle and father, traveled through the domains of the Chinggisids, visiting Karakorum and the camp of the all-Mongol Khan Kublai. In the book compiled by Marco Polo, there is very valuable information about the feuds among the Mongolian princes and the struggle of Haidu against Kublai. The author was a witness to

03.09.2019, 21:29

Villages

Village of Tash-Debe. Video

Tash-Debe - a flower on a stone hill In 2019, it marks 120 years since the founding of the first Kyrgyz settlement in the Chui Valley — the village of Tash-Debe, located 18 kilometers from the city of Pishpek. In those distant times, the Kyrgyz built houses in this area for the first time, modeled after Russian structures, with gabled roofs made of reeds and small windows. The settlement stretched in a straight line, lined with poplars. “Tash-Debe” means “stone hill, elevation.” According to

03.09.2019, 20:37

Myths and legends

The Legend of the Mother Deer. Continuation

Miraculous Rescue It is said for a reason — an orphan has seven fates. The night passed safely. The beast did not touch them, and the forest monsters did not carry them away. When they woke up, it was morning. The birds were singing. The children got up and wandered again along the path of the theft. They gathered berries and roots along the way. They walked and walked, and on the third day, they stopped on a mountain. They looked down and saw a great feast taking place in a wide green meadow.

02.09.2019, 18:25

Secrets of Issyk-Kul Lake

Attempt of the First Underwater Archaeological Research of Ancient Monuments at the Bottom of Issyk-Kul

The Unfulfilled Dreams of Governor Kaufman The Turkestan Governor-General K. P. von Kaufman did not forget the letters he received from Pyotr Petrovich Semenov, who, after several years following his journey to Issyk-Kul, had become a recognized scholar and effectively the head of the Russian Geographical Society. P. P. Semenov pointed out the underwater finds of the Kyrgyz at Issyk-Kul, noting their undeniable scientific value and urging the search for antiquities to be concentrated in a

02.09.2019, 18:12

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Draft Resolution of the Frunzensky City Party Conference. Document No. 79 (1932)

Construction of the House of Printing in Frunze, 1931. In the background, the building of the CEC and Oak Park. PROJECT OF THE FRUNZE CITY PARTY CONFERENCE ON THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY ECONOMY Frunze, 1932 The October Revolution, which eliminated the bourgeois-landlord dominance, transformed the urban economy from a means of additional exploitation of the working masses from centers of management and colonial policy into an organization that serves the material and cultural

02.09.2019, 17:36

Kyrgyzstanis — Full cavaliers of the Order of Glory

Full Cavalier of the Order of Glory Dmitry Grigoryevich Bulanakov

Bulankov Dmitry Grigoryevich - assistant commander of the platoon of the 176th rifle regiment (46th rifle division, 2nd shock army, 2nd Belarusian front) sergeant – at the time of the award for the Order of Glory of the 1st class. Born on February 23, 1914, in the village of Kurakovo, now in the Chebulinsky district of the Kemerovo region, in a working-class family. Russian. Completed 4 grades of school. Worked in a gold mining mine in the Tisulsky district of the Novosibirsk region.

02.09.2019, 16:11

Fauna of Kyrgyzstan / Birds of Kyrgyzstan

Cheglok - Zhagalmai

Cheglok. Small (like a pigeon), as with all falcons, it is beautiful and graceful. It has long pointed wings and a tail resembling a wedge. The total length is 32-37 cm, wingspan 76-85 cm, wing length 25-30 cm, males weigh 170-210 g, females about 250 g. Females of the cheglok, like all other falcons, are larger. The plumage is mottled – the upper part of the body is a solid gray-steel color, while the chest and underside are yellowish-white with small dark streaks. The undertail coverts and

01.09.2019, 22:25

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

The Resettlement Movement of Russian Peasantry to Kyrgyz Lands

Population After 1861, the demographic picture of the region changed as a result of the migration movement of Russian peasantry (Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, and representatives of other nationalities), as well as Dungans and Uighurs from China - the Kashgar oasis. The influx of population from Russia was due to the measures taken by the Tsarist government for the economic development of the annexed territories. Peasant villages in the Chui Valley and the Issyk-Kul Basin appeared in the

01.09.2019, 21:27

Kurmanjan Datka

Traces of Political Activity of the Kyrgyz in the Second Half of the 18th Century.

The Power of the Kyrgyz in the Mid-18th Century Traces of the political activity of the Kyrgyz in the second half of the 18th century can be found not only in Fergana but also in Eastern Turkestan. The most active military leader was the Kuschin feudal Kubad-biy. In this regard, the well-known orientalist P.P. Ivanov called him “one of the outstanding political figures of the second half of the 18th century.” In any case, it is undoubtedly true that Kubad-biy was the most significant of the

01.09.2019, 20:07

Ballet

The Third Version of the Ballet "Cholpon"

Plot of the Third Version of the Ballet "Cholpon" The third version of the ballet "Cholpon," prepared for the decade of Kyrgyz art in Moscow in 1958, differed fundamentally from the previous ones (productions by N. Kholfin and N. Tugelov). Here is a brief summary of this version's plot.

01.09.2019, 19:41

Chagatai Ulus. Haidu State. Moghulistan

The History of Moghulistan in Soviet and Foreign Literature. Part - 2

Authors of Works on the History of Moghulistan The article dedicated to the study of the mausoleum of Yunus Khan briefly outlines specific issues during the reign of Tugluq Timur, Khizr Khoja, Weis Khan, Esen Bukha, Yunus Khan, and other rulers of Moghulistan, as well as their relationships with Timur and his successors. In the work of S. A. Azimdzhanova, the struggle of Yunus Khan for the throne in Moghulistan against his younger brother Esen Bukha is presented. The author pays particular

26.08.2019, 22:13

Fauna of Kyrgyzstan / Birds of Kyrgyzstan

Seagull - The White Pavilion

Seagull The most numerous genus of birds in the gull family, inhabiting both marine expanses and inland waters. Many species are considered synanthropic—they live near humans and benefit from this. Typically, these are large or medium-sized birds with white or gray plumage, often with black markings on the head or wings. The coloration of the bird depends on the species to which the seagull belongs. The average length of the bird is 30-80 cm, and the weight is usually from 150 g to 2 kg. One

26.08.2019, 21:04

Kyrgyzstanis — Full cavaliers of the Order of Glory

Full Cavalier of the Order of Glory Baytursunov Nasyr

Baytursunov Nasyr (in the decree - Nasir) – commander of the crew of a 45-mm gun of the 1086th Rifle Regiment (323rd Rifle Division, 33rd Army, 1st Belorussian Front), sergeant. One of the few full knights of the Order of Glory, awarded four Orders of Glory. Born on November 18, 1918, in the village of Kokomeren, which is part of the modern Jayil District of Chuy Region, Kyrgyzstan, in a peasant family. Kyrgyz. Graduated from 7 grades and the Frunze Pedagogical College. Worked at the school in

26.08.2019, 20:51