SACRIFICES, CELEBRATIONS, MAGICAL ACTIONS r.ch. Big Kebin Tulëö — a sacrifice, for example, a prayer for rain during a drought. Livestock is slaughtered after reciting a prayer (in Arabic) and asking for rain. Then the cooked meat is divided and eaten, leaving nothing for God.
Scene from the ballet "Anar" The Popularity of the First Kyrgyz Ballet The first performer of Anar was Artai Moldobaeva — a student of the theater. Despite her stage youth, she "successfully coped with creating the image of a loving and proud girl." A. Moldobaeva managed to express with great sincerity and psychological justification the deep and charming image of a Kyrgyz girl fighting for her happiness. Especially expressive was A. Moldobaeva's dance in the last act
RESOLUTION OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE USSR "ON THE RENAMING OF THE CITY OF PISHPEK IN THE KYRGYZ AUTONOMOUS REGION TO THE CITY OF FRUNZE" Moscow May 12, 1926 The Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the USSR resolves:
The Struggle of the Kyrgyz Against the Uyghur Kaganate After the eastern Turks, who rose up against the Chinese, restored their state, the Yenisei Kyrgyz became one of their serious opponents. They joined a coalition of nomadic tribes supported by the Tang Empire. Following this, the eastern Turks defeated the Teleuts led by Baz-kagan, and it was then that the Kyrgyz kagan Bars-beg became their main adversary in Central Asia. In 693, the army of the eastern Turks, led by Kapagan-kagan,
Yellow-headed Wagtail (white, mountain, masked). The yellow-headed wagtails have a bright yellow breast, which makes them easy to recognize in nature. Their tail is shorter than that of white wagtails. The yellow-headed wagtail has a bluish-gray back and a pure yellow head. These insectivorous birds arrive in small flocks and individually during the peak of snowmelt, staying around thawed patches where they gather emerging flies and other insects, which they successfully catch even in the air,
FROM THE REPORT OF THE POLITICAL ENLIGHTENMENT OF THE KYRGYZ AUTONOMOUS REGION ON THE WORK OF LIBRARY-TYPE INSTITUTIONS IN THE CITY OF PISHPEK City of Pishpek, March 11, 1926 ... Until now, not a single reading hut has been opened in the city; only now is a demonstration reading hut being opened in Dunganovka, which is already equipped with everything necessary. There is a sufficient amount of literature in Russian and Kyrgyz languages for this reading hut, as well as posters and other
The Fergana Miracle Dawan of that time (Fergana, including the south of Kyrgyzstan) represented a strong state formation, a union of "oasis-cities" led by a local dynasty. The Chinese were accustomed to the idea that real (not felt) buildings, canals, and developed agriculture existed only in their homeland, while neighboring lands languished in barbaric ignorance. Dawan pleasantly surprised them. No, it didn’t just surprise them — it shocked them! They discovered well-tended fields
The Ballet 'Anar' The ballet 'Anar' marked a new page in the history of Kyrgyz theatrical art. The theater already had musical dramas, a national opera, and classical ballet in its repertoire. All of this led to the birth of a new form of theatrical art, which is national ballet. On the anniversary of October, November 7, 1940, the premiere of the ballet 'Anar' took place, created by composers V. Vlasov and V. Fere based on the libretto by K. Eshmambetov and N. S.
Seasons of the Year sajak Each month has 30 days. In the Kyrgyz month, there are 29–30 days. In three years, one extra month accumulates, i.e., in three years there are 37 months,
CIRCULAR LETTER OF THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE OF THE KYRGYZ AUTONOMOUS REGION TO ALL STATE INSTITUTIONS AND ENTERPRISES OF THE REGION ON THE SUBMISSION OF PRINTING ORDERS TO THE STATE PUBLISHING HOUSE Pishpek February 2, 1925 The State Publishing House of the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region has been established in Pishpek, equipped with a fully operational printing press.
The Opening of the Great Silk Road “The world is small” — sounds like a truism today. But three thousand years ago, these words would have seemed blasphemous. The Greeks, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Medes, and Sogdians have been connected by cultural and economic interests since ancient times. They traded. And how they traded! Large trading centers, trade routes, trading fleets, and caravans emerged; crafts developed, money appeared, along with banks, moneylenders, and currency exchangers...
Chinese Chronicles on the Origin of the Turks Ancient Turkic legends have been preserved in Chinese chronicles, telling of the supernatural origin of the people. Here is a simplified version of it. ...A small tribe was attacked by enemies. The tribe was brave, the enemies were numerous. Sometimes courage is broken by strength: for each defender, there were forty enemies. No one surrendered, no one begged for mercy. And the enemies spared no one: the men fell in battle, the women, children, and
What do Kyrgyz burial sites tell us? At the turn of the early Middle Ages, the Kyrgyz found themselves in the Yenisei River valley in Southern Siberia. They migrated or were relocated to this area by the Juzhans during the Juzhan-Gaoguy wars in the mid-1st millennium AD for political reasons. The ancient Turks were moved by the Juzhans from Turfan "to the southern side of the Altai Mountains," and one of the representatives of the Turkic ruling clan, named Tsigu, i.e.,
Herbivore. A slender sandpiper slightly larger than a thrush. In breeding plumage, gray coloration with dense spotting predominates both above and below. The character of the spotting is subject to significant variation. Bright orange-red legs in all plumages are one of the most important features of the herbivore. The underside of the wings is pure white. The base of the beak is orange-red, while the tip is black. These sandpipers arrive quite early, in small flocks, pairs, and as singles.
FROM THE PROTOCOL OF THE MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE BUREAU OF THE PISHPEK UGORREVKOM OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF TURKESTAN ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MONUMENT TO V.I. LENIN Pishpek March 1, 1924 Heard: On the arrangement of a monument to Comrade Lenin.
Jusup Mamai, the Great Narrator of the Epic "Manas" He was born on May 4, 1918, in the village of Merkech, Ak-Chiy District, Kyzyl-Suu Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. At the age of seven, he learned to read and write. He recounted the epic "Manas" up to the eighth generation. According to him, the epic consists of 500,000 lines.
The First Steps Towards Professional Kyrgyz Ballet Folk dances, based on elements of rituals and games, determined the direction in which the initial development of national choreography took place, which found its expression in the musical-dramatic performances of the Kyrgyz theater. However, the further success of Kyrgyz choreography is linked to the mastery of classical dance. Therefore, the ballet group of the Kyrgyz Musical Theater, alongside their work on national dance, began to learn
How long will the regression of the "pearl of Ala-Tuu" last? The famous aphorism "Plato is my friend, but truth is a greater friend" was uttered by Aristotle after reading Plato's dialogues "Timaeus" and "Critias," in which one of the greatest catastrophes in human history—the demise of Atlantis in the ocean depths—is narrated as a credible fact. Aristotle did not believe that such a thing could happen. Debates about whether Atlantis—a cultured and
Gyan-gun and Dinlins In the sources of the 1st-2nd centuries AD, the gyan-gun are not mentioned, but there is information about their northern neighbors, the dinlins, who were among the tribes that attacked the northern Huns at the end of the 1st century AD (Bichurin, 1998, p. 129). As a result, in 91 AD, the shanyu of the northern Hun horde "fled, unknown where," and the steppes of Central Asia were occupied by the Xianbei (Bichurin, 1998, pp. 131, 153, 154, 157). The ancient
FROM THE REPORT OF THE HEAD OF THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF THE PISHPEK DISTRICT AT THE PLENARY SESSION OF THE PISHPEK DISTRICT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ON THE STATE OF HEALTHCARE IN THE DISTRICT Pishpek, July 1, 1923. In the city of Pishpek, there is a hospital, which is divided into a surgical department with 15 beds, a therapeutic department with 13 beds, a mixed-infectious department with 12 beds, a maternity ward with 2 beds, a children's department with 3 beds, and two outpatient clinics: a
HEALING If someone falls ill, a kid is placed near their yurt with its head facing west, neighbors are called, the kid is slaughtered, and prayers are said. Without removing the skin from the slaughtered kid, the lungs and heart are taken out and placed in a bowl of water, and an old woman is invited to the sick person. The sick person undresses, the old woman takes the lungs and strikes the patient on the palms and the soles of the feet, then strikes the heart against the heart. After that,
Kyrgyz-Gyangu The earliest mention of the Kyrgyz under the Chinese name “gyan-gun”, “heguni”, or “jianggun”, dates back to 201 BC. The ancient tribes of heguni are listed among other nomads conquered in Central Asia by the Xiongnu chanyu Modu (Bichurin, 1998, p. 51). In other Chinese sources from the late 1st millennium BC to the first half of the 1st millennium AD, they were referred to by various names: “gegu”, “zegu”, “juyou”, and others (Kyuner, 1961, p. 55). The ancient Kyrgyz are
NEWSPAPER REPORT ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMISSION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ILLITERACY AND THE OPENING OF AN ART SCHOOL IN PISHPEK City of Verny, December 8, 1920. On December 4, a commission for the elimination of illiteracy was organized in the city of Pishpek, which has begun to implement the decree of the Soviet People's Commissariat on this matter.
THE LEGEND OF SHAH-FAZIL In the mid-7th century, Caliph Hazreti Ali sent eight thousand warriors through Samarkand to Turkestan, commanded by Abdullah ibn Omar. After suffering defeat in Fergana, Abdullah ibn Omar sent a letter to Medina requesting assistance. After reading Omar's letter, the rulers of Medina decided to support him with a 12,000-strong army led by Muhammad ibn Jarir (the prophet's nephew). On the way to Fergana, he replaced the rulers in some cities who opposed
Tashtanbek Akmatovich Akmatov — Kyrgyz state and political figure. He was born in September 1938 in the village of Kok-Sai, Ton District, Issyk-Kul Region. In 1969, he graduated from the Issyk-Kul Agricultural Technical School, and in 1977 — from the Kyrgyz Agricultural Institute (by correspondence).
Ballet Scenes in the Opera "Ai-Churek" The dance "Kiyiz" was first performed in the Kyrgyz musical drama "Altyn-Kyz" in 1937. Its significance lies in the fact that it paved the way for the people into professional ballet. As soon as "Kiyiz" was shown on stage, it became a part of the people's heritage. It was performed throughout the republic at concerts and artistic performances, and soon it became part of the everyday life of the ails. Thus, the
The Kolpakovsky Glacier is the most significant glacier of the Terkey-Ala-Too range. Its length is about 12 km, consisting of three branches with separate powerful accumulation areas, which represent extensive snow plateaus at an altitude of 4300-4400 meters, dropping to the north with elongated walls. To the south, the glacier gently descends to the moraines, making it wide and mostly calm, forming a small icefall only in the middle part. Right in the center of the glacier, about 20 meters
Black-headed Shrike. The black-headed shrike measures 21 - 23.5 cm in length and weighs 47 - 53 g. It is similar in size to a starling and generally resembles the gray shrike in coloration, with a pale, bluish-gray back, but it has a black crown, a wide stripe on the sides of the head (across the eye), and black wings and tail. The wing spots, tail side stripes, and underside are white with a grayish-pink or pink tinge on the chest and sides. Among the birds returning in spring, the
FROM THE REPORT OF THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION OF THE PISHPEK DISTRICT SOVIET ON THE STATE OF CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK IN THE DISTRICT Pishpek No earlier than September 1, 1920 Currently, the situation is as follows: in the library section, there is a Russian-Muslim library in the city of Pishpek, called the "Central" library, which has a reading room. It is planned to open a bookbinding workshop there for one set, if the necessary materials can be found. The
Disputes about the origin of the Kyrgyz are still relevant Among the variety of data available in ethnography, S. M. Abramzon paid special attention to the testimonies of ethnonymy and folk traditions to address this issue. Using this new methodology, S. M. Abramzon convincingly demonstrated for the first time, based on ethnographic and folklore materials, that the ethnic and ethnogenetic connections of the Kyrgyz of the Tian Shan, alongside local roots, have their original territory in Altai
Key Milestones in the Ethnogenesis of the Kyrgyz People An important stage in the study of the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Kyrgyz was a special Scientific Session held in 1956 in Frunze. The joint session summarized a long period of research on this issue, initiated by the works of Academician V. V. Bartold and continued by a whole array of historians, ethnographers, linguists, archaeologists, anthropologists, and art historians. The key element of the resolution of this conference
REPORT OF THE NEWSPAPER "SEMIRECHENSKAYA PRAVDA" ON THE WORK OF THE I PISHPEK DISTRICT CONGRESS OF THE RCSM Verney, August 17, 1920, From July 28 to August 2, the 1st district congress of the RCSM took place in Pishpek. The congress was represented by 27 organizations uniting 700 young proletarians.
Mitalip Mamitovich Mamitov — Soviet and Kyrgyz neurosurgeon Born on December 16, 1939, in the village of Kok-Zhar, Nookat District, Osh Region. In 1958, he graduated with honors from Kok-Djar Secondary School and entered the Kyzyl-Kiya Medical College, and then, in 1960, he enrolled in the Kyrgyz State Medical Institute in Frunze, which he also graduated from with honors.
AGRICULTURE Alamedinka solto-bolokbay At the beginning of sowing, someone from the people gives the first handful from the bag to the sower and asks for (blessings) from God.
ISSYK-ATA BUDDHA The Issyk-Ata gorge (75 km southeast of Bishkek) is renowned for its marvelous nature. Blue and green mountains reaching into the sky, the foamy white waters of transparent mountain streams, centuries-old firs and pines, grasses and wildflowers, air rich in natural electricity, mineral and thermal springs. All of this is like a heavenly revelation, a generous gift from Mother Nature, attracting people since ancient times and to this day. Water sources have always been revered
REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE UNION OF TANNERS OF THE CITY OF PISHPEK TO THE SEMIRECHENSKY REGIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ON THE CONDITION AND OPERATION OF TANNERIES IN THE PISHPEK DISTRICT City of Pishpek, August 9, 1920
Versions on the Origin of the Central Asian Component of the Kyrgyz Ethnos A more substantiated version regarding the origin of the Central Asian component of the Kyrgyz ethnos and the approximate chronology of its movement to Tian Shan was proposed by archaeologist D. G. Savinov. According to him, the penetration of the main Kyrgyz tribes from the Sayan-Altai region to Tian Shan began only in the 13th century, when another powerful wave of migration of nomadic tribes from Central Asia to the
RESOLUTION OF THE PISHPEK UGORVOENREVKOM AND PISHPEK DISTRICT SANITARY COMMISSION ON COMPLIANCE WITH SANITARY NORMS BY THE POPULATION Pishpek, July 12, 1920. Confirming previously announced mandatory resolutions on sanitary measures for the population of the Pishpek district, the Pishpek Sanitary Commission categorically demands that the population of both the city of Pishpek and the district bring their homesteads into sanitary condition within one week from the announcement of this. 1. All
Kyrgyz in Turkey. In the village of Uluu Pamir in the Turkish province of Van, about 800 people moved there in 1982, led by Rahmankul-khan. Currently, the population of this group exceeds 3,000 people. In recent years, some Kyrgyz, especially the youth, have been leaving Uluu Pamir in search of work and education, relocating to Istanbul (over 100 families), Malatya, Adana, Izmir, and other cities in Turkey (Kaipov, 2012, p. 49). The residents of Uluu Pamir engage in livestock farming, raising
N.S. Kholfin is one of the first enthusiasts of creating Kyrgyz professional ballet One of the first enthusiasts of creating Kyrgyz professional ballet was the talented master of choreographic art Nikolai Sergeyevich Kholfin. He arrived in Kyrgyzstan as a young man in 1938. However, he already had experience working in one of the best theaters in the country — the musical theater named after K. S. Stanislavsky and V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. N. S. Kholfin brought to the Kyrgyz theater,
FROM THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE PISHPEK UGORKOM OF RCP(b) ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE BROTHERLY GRAVE City of Pishpek, January 5, 1919 ...§ 4. The faction, having heard the verbal report of Comrade Alexandrovich on the brotherly grave of those fallen at the hands of the counter-revolutionary bandits of the Pishpek district, unanimously resolved: to instruct the executive committee of the faction to assign the following tasks: 1) to arrange a fence around the grave, 2) to enclose the
Beksultan Zhakiev - People's Writer of Kyrgyzstan, playwright, screenwriter, professor. Born on January 16, 1936, in the village of Bokonbaev, Ton District, Issyk-Kul Region. In 1953, he graduated from school in his native village and went to Frunze to continue his studies.
The first three graduating classes of national ballet dancers in Kyrgyzstan The youth's passion for ballet was so strong that during the harsh years of war (in 1943), a choreographic school was opened in Frunze, which became the foundation for training national ballet personnel. A significant role in organizing the school was played by former teacher of the Leningrad Choreographic School, Kirill Anatolyevich Afanasyev. The first graduating class of the school took place in 1948. In a
Owl (white, eared, marsh, hawk). Order of birds of prey, including more than 420 large and medium-sized species, mostly nocturnal birds. The order consists of two families: true owls and barn owls. Brief description: large head, big round eyes at the front of the head, short, predatory beak.
NOTIFICATION FROM THE SEMIRECHYE REGIONAL FINANCIAL COLLEGE TO THE PISHPEK DISTRICT SOVIET ABOUT THE PERMISSION TO OPEN A BRANCH OF THE PEOPLE'S BANK IN PISHPEK City of Verny July 22, 1918
THE JOURNEY OF XUANZANG In the early 7th century, one of the remarkable travelers of the Middle Ages, Xuanzang, described the territory of Northern Kyrgyzstan. In his youth, he became a monk at a Buddhist monastery and soon surpassed everyone with his knowledge. To enhance his education, in 629 he set out from China to the homeland of Buddha—India. Later, Xuanzang described all the lands he visited. He dedicated several invaluable pages to describing the territory of medieval Kyrgyzstan, which
How did the Kyrgyz appear in Tian Shan? A special place in the study of the monuments of oral folk art, religion, and social structure of the Turkic-speaking peoples of Siberia and Central Asia is held by academician V. V. Radlov, whose work marked an era in the history of world Turkology (Kononov, 1972, p. 103). He expressed his views on the history of the Kyrgyz and valuable information about their clan-tribal composition in the article "On the Kirghiz" (Radloff, 1863). Noting the
Kyrgyz of Afghanistan. The settlement of the Afghan part of the Pamir by Kyrgyz began in the 16th-18th centuries and continued until the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The last waves of migration were caused by the policies of the Kokand Khanate and the Russian Empire towards the Kyrgyz living in the southwest of the Fergana Valley, the consequences of the 1916 uprising, as well as Soviet reforms in the 1920s-1930s in southern Kyrgyzstan. The Kyrgyz of the Greater and Lesser