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Kyrgyz Khaganate: The Leading Nomadic State in Central Asia from the Mid-9th to the First Quarter of the 10th Century
Kyrgyz in the VI-XII centuries

Kyrgyz Khaganate: The Leading Nomadic State in Central Asia from the Mid-9th to the First Quarter of the 10th Century

Kyrgyz Great Power During the VI-VIII centuries, when the Kyrgyz state existed only in the territory of the Minusinsk Basin, it had to constantly defend its independence from the leading military powers: the Khaganates of the Jujans, the ancient Turks, the Seyanto, and the Uyghurs. The military coalitions that the Kyrgyz entered were aimed at opposing the most powerful adversary in the nomadic world. At the same time, they managed to keep the dependent tribes of the Kyshtym in subjugation, who

09.08.2019, 14:38
The Legend of the Origin of the Kyrgyz
Myths and legends

The Legend of the Origin of the Kyrgyz

THE ORIGIN OF THE KYRGYZ This happened deep in Central Asia many, many years ago. Fierce foreigners attacked a peaceful tribe. There were many enemies, and in a brutal battle, they destroyed everyone. Only one young man remained from the entire tribe — the son of the chieftain. He fought with all his strength. They cut off his right hand. The young man seized the sword with his left hand. They cut off that one too. The brave man, losing strength, defended himself with his legs. The enemies

09.08.2019, 13:22
Performers of the first version of the ballet "Anar"
Ballet

Performers of the first version of the ballet "Anar"

Scene from the ballet "Anar" The Popularity of the First Kyrgyz Ballet The first performer of Anar was Artai Moldobaeva — a student of the theater. Despite her stage youth, she "successfully coped with creating the image of a loving and proud girl." A. Moldobaeva managed to express with great sincerity and psychological justification the deep and charming image of a Kyrgyz girl fighting for her happiness. Especially expressive was A. Moldobaeva's dance in the last act

08.08.2019, 20:17
Kyrgyz Khan Bars-Beg
Kyrgyz in the VI-XII centuries

Kyrgyz Khan Bars-Beg

The Struggle of the Kyrgyz Against the Uyghur Kaganate After the eastern Turks, who rose up against the Chinese, restored their state, the Yenisei Kyrgyz became one of their serious opponents. They joined a coalition of nomadic tribes supported by the Tang Empire. Following this, the eastern Turks defeated the Teleuts led by Baz-kagan, and it was then that the Kyrgyz kagan Bars-beg became their main adversary in Central Asia. In 693, the army of the eastern Turks, led by Kapagan-kagan,

07.08.2019, 18:22
Wagtail - Horseman
Fauna of Kyrgyzstan / Birds of Kyrgyzstan

Wagtail - Horseman

Yellow-headed Wagtail (white, mountain, masked). The yellow-headed wagtails have a bright yellow breast, which makes them easy to recognize in nature. Their tail is shorter than that of white wagtails. The yellow-headed wagtail has a bluish-gray back and a pure yellow head. These insectivorous birds arrive in small flocks and individually during the peak of snowmelt, staying around thawed patches where they gather emerging flies and other insects, which they successfully catch even in the air,

07.08.2019, 17:59
Report of the Political Enlightenment of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. Document No. 62 (March 1926)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Report of the Political Enlightenment of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. Document No. 62 (March 1926)

FROM THE REPORT OF THE POLITICAL ENLIGHTENMENT OF THE KYRGYZ AUTONOMOUS REGION ON THE WORK OF LIBRARY-TYPE INSTITUTIONS IN THE CITY OF PISHPEK City of Pishpek, March 11, 1926 ... Until now, not a single reading hut has been opened in the city; only now is a demonstration reading hut being opened in Dunganovka, which is already equipped with everything necessary. There is a sufficient amount of literature in Russian and Kyrgyz languages for this reading hut, as well as posters and other

06.08.2019, 14:46
The Discoveries of Zhang Qian
Secrets of Issyk-Kul Lake

The Discoveries of Zhang Qian

The Fergana Miracle Dawan of that time (Fergana, including the south of Kyrgyzstan) represented a strong state formation, a union of "oasis-cities" led by a local dynasty. The Chinese were accustomed to the idea that real (not felt) buildings, canals, and developed agriculture existed only in their homeland, while neighboring lands languished in barbaric ignorance. Dawan pleasantly surprised them. No, it didn’t just surprise them — it shocked them! They discovered well-tended fields

06.08.2019, 12:23
Ballet "Anar" - A New Chapter in the History of Kyrgyz Theater Art
Ballet

Ballet "Anar" - A New Chapter in the History of Kyrgyz Theater Art

The Ballet 'Anar' The ballet 'Anar' marked a new page in the history of Kyrgyz theatrical art. The theater already had musical dramas, a national opera, and classical ballet in its repertoire. All of this led to the birth of a new form of theatrical art, which is national ballet. On the anniversary of October, November 7, 1940, the premiere of the ballet 'Anar' took place, created by composers V. Vlasov and V. Fere based on the libretto by K. Eshmambetov and N. S.

06.08.2019, 11:47
Protocols, letters, resolutions in 1925 in the city of Pishpek. Documents No. 58 - No. 61
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Protocols, letters, resolutions in 1925 in the city of Pishpek. Documents No. 58 - No. 61

CIRCULAR LETTER OF THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE OF THE KYRGYZ AUTONOMOUS REGION TO ALL STATE INSTITUTIONS AND ENTERPRISES OF THE REGION ON THE SUBMISSION OF PRINTING ORDERS TO THE STATE PUBLISHING HOUSE Pishpek February 2, 1925 The State Publishing House of the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region has been established in Pishpek, equipped with a fully operational printing press.

04.08.2019, 11:08
The Feat of Zhang Qian
Secrets of Issyk-Kul Lake

The Feat of Zhang Qian

The Opening of the Great Silk Road “The world is small” — sounds like a truism today. But three thousand years ago, these words would have seemed blasphemous. The Greeks, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Medes, and Sogdians have been connected by cultural and economic interests since ancient times. They traded. And how they traded! Large trading centers, trade routes, trading fleets, and caravans emerged; crafts developed, money appeared, along with banks, moneylenders, and currency exchangers...

04.08.2019, 10:45
The Legend of the Origin of the Turks
Myths and legends

The Legend of the Origin of the Turks

Chinese Chronicles on the Origin of the Turks Ancient Turkic legends have been preserved in Chinese chronicles, telling of the supernatural origin of the people. Here is a simplified version of it. ...A small tribe was attacked by enemies. The tribe was brave, the enemies were numerous. Sometimes courage is broken by strength: for each defender, there were forty enemies. No one surrendered, no one begged for mercy. And the enemies spared no one: the men fell in battle, the women, children, and

04.08.2019, 09:46
What Do Ancient Kyrgyz Kurgans Speak Of?
Kyrgyz in antiquity

What Do Ancient Kyrgyz Kurgans Speak Of?

What do Kyrgyz burial sites tell us? At the turn of the early Middle Ages, the Kyrgyz found themselves in the Yenisei River valley in Southern Siberia. They migrated or were relocated to this area by the Juzhans during the Juzhan-Gaoguy wars in the mid-1st millennium AD for political reasons. The ancient Turks were moved by the Juzhans from Turfan "to the southern side of the Altai Mountains," and one of the representatives of the Turkic ruling clan, named Tsigu, i.e.,

04.08.2019, 09:15
Herbalist - The Herb
Fauna of Kyrgyzstan / Birds of Kyrgyzstan

Herbalist - The Herb

Herbivore. A slender sandpiper slightly larger than a thrush. In breeding plumage, gray coloration with dense spotting predominates both above and below. The character of the spotting is subject to significant variation. Bright orange-red legs in all plumages are one of the most important features of the herbivore. The underside of the wings is pure white. The base of the beak is orange-red, while the tip is black. These sandpipers arrive quite early, in small flocks, pairs, and as singles.

03.08.2019, 05:03
Hero of the Kyrgyz Republic Jusup Mamai
Hero of the Kyrgyz Republic

Hero of the Kyrgyz Republic Jusup Mamai

Jusup Mamai, the Great Narrator of the Epic "Manas" He was born on May 4, 1918, in the village of Merkech, Ak-Chiy District, Kyzyl-Suu Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. At the age of seven, he learned to read and write. He recounted the epic "Manas" up to the eighth generation. According to him, the epic consists of 500,000 lines.

03.08.2019, 03:56
Mastering the Foundations of Classicism in Kyrgyz Ballet
Ballet

Mastering the Foundations of Classicism in Kyrgyz Ballet

The First Steps Towards Professional Kyrgyz Ballet Folk dances, based on elements of rituals and games, determined the direction in which the initial development of national choreography took place, which found its expression in the musical-dramatic performances of the Kyrgyz theater. However, the further success of Kyrgyz choreography is linked to the mastery of classical dance. Therefore, the ballet group of the Kyrgyz Musical Theater, alongside their work on national dance, began to learn

03.08.2019, 03:29
Archaeological Research of the Bottom of Lake Issyk-Kul
Secrets of Issyk-Kul Lake

Archaeological Research of the Bottom of Lake Issyk-Kul

How long will the regression of the "pearl of Ala-Tuu" last? The famous aphorism "Plato is my friend, but truth is a greater friend" was uttered by Aristotle after reading Plato's dialogues "Timaeus" and "Critias," in which one of the greatest catastrophes in human history—the demise of Atlantis in the ocean depths—is narrated as a credible fact. Aristotle did not believe that such a thing could happen. Debates about whether Atlantis—a cultured and

02.08.2019, 20:02
Ancient Kyrgyz in the 1st-2nd Centuries AD
Kyrgyz in antiquity

Ancient Kyrgyz in the 1st-2nd Centuries AD

Gyan-gun and Dinlins In the sources of the 1st-2nd centuries AD, the gyan-gun are not mentioned, but there is information about their northern neighbors, the dinlins, who were among the tribes that attacked the northern Huns at the end of the 1st century AD (Bichurin, 1998, p. 129). As a result, in 91 AD, the shanyu of the northern Hun horde "fled, unknown where," and the steppes of Central Asia were occupied by the Xianbei (Bichurin, 1998, pp. 131, 153, 154, 157). The ancient

02.08.2019, 18:59
Report on the State of Healthcare in Pishpek. Document No. 55 (July 1923)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Report on the State of Healthcare in Pishpek. Document No. 55 (July 1923)

FROM THE REPORT OF THE HEAD OF THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF THE PISHPEK DISTRICT AT THE PLENARY SESSION OF THE PISHPEK DISTRICT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ON THE STATE OF HEALTHCARE IN THE DISTRICT Pishpek, July 1, 1923. In the city of Pishpek, there is a hospital, which is divided into a surgical department with 15 beds, a therapeutic department with 13 beds, a mixed-infectious department with 12 beds, a maternity ward with 2 beds, a children's department with 3 beds, and two outpatient clinics: a

02.08.2019, 18:40
Healing. Rituals Related to Social Life Among the Kyrgyz in the Early 20th Century
Customs

Healing. Rituals Related to Social Life Among the Kyrgyz in the Early 20th Century

HEALING If someone falls ill, a kid is placed near their yurt with its head facing west, neighbors are called, the kid is slaughtered, and prayers are said. Without removing the skin from the slaughtered kid, the lungs and heart are taken out and placed in a bowl of water, and an old woman is invited to the sick person. The sick person undresses, the old woman takes the lungs and strikes the patient on the palms and the soles of the feet, then strikes the heart against the heart. After that,

02.08.2019, 18:11
The Yenisei Kyrgyz in Antiquity
Kyrgyz in antiquity

The Yenisei Kyrgyz in Antiquity

Kyrgyz-Gyangu The earliest mention of the Kyrgyz under the Chinese name “gyan-gun”, “heguni”, or “jianggun”, dates back to 201 BC. The ancient tribes of heguni are listed among other nomads conquered in Central Asia by the Xiongnu chanyu Modu (Bichurin, 1998, p. 51). In other Chinese sources from the late 1st millennium BC to the first half of the 1st millennium AD, they were referred to by various names: “gegu”, “zegu”, “juyou”, and others (Kyuner, 1961, p. 55). The ancient Kyrgyz are

31.07.2019, 20:25
Elimination of Illiteracy in Pishpek and the Creation of Children's Organizations. Documents No. 52 - No. 54 (1920 - 1922)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Elimination of Illiteracy in Pishpek and the Creation of Children's Organizations. Documents No. 52 - No. 54 (1920 - 1922)

NEWSPAPER REPORT ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMISSION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ILLITERACY AND THE OPENING OF AN ART SCHOOL IN PISHPEK City of Verny, December 8, 1920. On December 4, a commission for the elimination of illiteracy was organized in the city of Pishpek, which has begun to implement the decree of the Soviet People's Commissariat on this matter.

31.07.2019, 19:29
The Legend of Shah-Fazil: Echo of Real Events
Myths and legends

The Legend of Shah-Fazil: Echo of Real Events

THE LEGEND OF SHAH-FAZIL In the mid-7th century, Caliph Hazreti Ali sent eight thousand warriors through Samarkand to Turkestan, commanded by Abdullah ibn Omar. After suffering defeat in Fergana, Abdullah ibn Omar sent a letter to Medina requesting assistance. After reading Omar's letter, the rulers of Medina decided to support him with a 12,000-strong army led by Muhammad ibn Jarir (the prophet's nephew). On the way to Fergana, he replaced the rulers in some cities who opposed

31.07.2019, 17:36
The First Kyrgyz Dances on the Professional Stage
Ballet

The First Kyrgyz Dances on the Professional Stage

Ballet Scenes in the Opera "Ai-Churek" The dance "Kiyiz" was first performed in the Kyrgyz musical drama "Altyn-Kyz" in 1937. Its significance lies in the fact that it paved the way for the people into professional ballet. As soon as "Kiyiz" was shown on stage, it became a part of the people's heritage. It was performed throughout the republic at concerts and artistic performances, and soon it became part of the everyday life of the ails. Thus, the

31.07.2019, 16:13
Kolpakovsky Glacier
Glaciers

Kolpakovsky Glacier

The Kolpakovsky Glacier is the most significant glacier of the Terkey-Ala-Too range. Its length is about 12 km, consisting of three branches with separate powerful accumulation areas, which represent extensive snow plateaus at an altitude of 4300-4400 meters, dropping to the north with elongated walls. To the south, the glacier gently descends to the moraines, making it wide and mostly calm, forming a small icefall only in the middle part. Right in the center of the glacier, about 20 meters

30.07.2019, 18:49
Black-headed Shrike - Lanius nubicus
Fauna of Kyrgyzstan / Birds of Kyrgyzstan

Black-headed Shrike - Lanius nubicus

Black-headed Shrike. The black-headed shrike measures 21 - 23.5 cm in length and weighs 47 - 53 g. It is similar in size to a starling and generally resembles the gray shrike in coloration, with a pale, bluish-gray back, but it has a black crown, a wide stripe on the sides of the head (across the eye), and black wings and tail. The wing spots, tail side stripes, and underside are white with a grayish-pink or pink tinge on the chest and sides. Among the birds returning in spring, the

30.07.2019, 17:31
Report on the State of Cultural and Educational Work in the Pishpek District. Document No. 51 (September 1920)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Report on the State of Cultural and Educational Work in the Pishpek District. Document No. 51 (September 1920)

FROM THE REPORT OF THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION OF THE PISHPEK DISTRICT SOVIET ON THE STATE OF CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK IN THE DISTRICT Pishpek No earlier than September 1, 1920 Currently, the situation is as follows: in the library section, there is a Russian-Muslim library in the city of Pishpek, called the "Central" library, which has a reading room. It is planned to open a bookbinding workshop there for one set, if the necessary materials can be found. The

30.07.2019, 16:58
Questions of the Ethnic History of the Kyrgyz
History

Questions of the Ethnic History of the Kyrgyz

Disputes about the origin of the Kyrgyz are still relevant Among the variety of data available in ethnography, S. M. Abramzon paid special attention to the testimonies of ethnonymy and folk traditions to address this issue. Using this new methodology, S. M. Abramzon convincingly demonstrated for the first time, based on ethnographic and folklore materials, that the ethnic and ethnogenetic connections of the Kyrgyz of the Tian Shan, alongside local roots, have their original territory in Altai

30.07.2019, 16:23
Concepts of Notable Historians on the Ethnogenesis of the Kyrgyz People
History

Concepts of Notable Historians on the Ethnogenesis of the Kyrgyz People

Key Milestones in the Ethnogenesis of the Kyrgyz People An important stage in the study of the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Kyrgyz was a special Scientific Session held in 1956 in Frunze. The joint session summarized a long period of research on this issue, initiated by the works of Academician V. V. Bartold and continued by a whole array of historians, ethnographers, linguists, archaeologists, anthropologists, and art historians. The key element of the resolution of this conference

29.07.2019, 12:25
Hero of the Kyrgyz Republic Mamitov Mitalip Mamitovich
Hero of the Kyrgyz Republic

Hero of the Kyrgyz Republic Mamitov Mitalip Mamitovich

Mitalip Mamitovich Mamitov — Soviet and Kyrgyz neurosurgeon Born on December 16, 1939, in the village of Kok-Zhar, Nookat District, Osh Region. In 1958, he graduated with honors from Kok-Djar Secondary School and entered the Kyzyl-Kiya Medical College, and then, in 1960, he enrolled in the Kyrgyz State Medical Institute in Frunze, which he also graduated from with honors.

29.07.2019, 11:55
Issyk-Ata Buddha Sanctuary at the Thermal Spring
Myths and legends

Issyk-Ata Buddha Sanctuary at the Thermal Spring

ISSYK-ATA BUDDHA The Issyk-Ata gorge (75 km southeast of Bishkek) is renowned for its marvelous nature. Blue and green mountains reaching into the sky, the foamy white waters of transparent mountain streams, centuries-old firs and pines, grasses and wildflowers, air rich in natural electricity, mineral and thermal springs. All of this is like a heavenly revelation, a generous gift from Mother Nature, attracting people since ancient times and to this day. Water sources have always been revered

28.07.2019, 21:09
Ethnocultural Connections of the Kyrgyz of Tian Shan with the Population of the Priirtysh and Altai Regions
History

Ethnocultural Connections of the Kyrgyz of Tian Shan with the Population of the Priirtysh and Altai Regions

Versions on the Origin of the Central Asian Component of the Kyrgyz Ethnos A more substantiated version regarding the origin of the Central Asian component of the Kyrgyz ethnos and the approximate chronology of its movement to Tian Shan was proposed by archaeologist D. G. Savinov. According to him, the penetration of the main Kyrgyz tribes from the Sayan-Altai region to Tian Shan began only in the 13th century, when another powerful wave of migration of nomadic tribes from Central Asia to the

28.07.2019, 10:37
Resolution of the Pishpek Sanitary Commission. Document No. 48 (July 1920)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Resolution of the Pishpek Sanitary Commission. Document No. 48 (July 1920)

RESOLUTION OF THE PISHPEK UGORVOENREVKOM AND PISHPEK DISTRICT SANITARY COMMISSION ON COMPLIANCE WITH SANITARY NORMS BY THE POPULATION Pishpek, July 12, 1920. Confirming previously announced mandatory resolutions on sanitary measures for the population of the Pishpek district, the Pishpek Sanitary Commission categorically demands that the population of both the city of Pishpek and the district bring their homesteads into sanitary condition within one week from the announcement of this. 1. All

27.07.2019, 23:08
Kyrgyz Diaspora in Turkey
Diaspora

Kyrgyz Diaspora in Turkey

Kyrgyz in Turkey. In the village of Uluu Pamir in the Turkish province of Van, about 800 people moved there in 1982, led by Rahmankul-khan. Currently, the population of this group exceeds 3,000 people. In recent years, some Kyrgyz, especially the youth, have been leaving Uluu Pamir in search of work and education, relocating to Istanbul (over 100 families), Malatya, Adana, Izmir, and other cities in Turkey (Kaipov, 2012, p. 49). The residents of Uluu Pamir engage in livestock farming, raising

27.07.2019, 22:13
The Role of N. S. Kholfin in the Development of Kyrgyz Ballet
Ballet

The Role of N. S. Kholfin in the Development of Kyrgyz Ballet

N.S. Kholfin is one of the first enthusiasts of creating Kyrgyz professional ballet One of the first enthusiasts of creating Kyrgyz professional ballet was the talented master of choreographic art Nikolai Sergeyevich Kholfin. He arrived in Kyrgyzstan as a young man in 1938. However, he already had experience working in one of the best theaters in the country — the musical theater named after K. S. Stanislavsky and V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. N. S. Kholfin brought to the Kyrgyz theater,

27.07.2019, 16:03
Meetings of the Ugrovoenrevkom of the city of Pishpek. Documents No. 46 - No. 47. (1919 - 1920)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Meetings of the Ugrovoenrevkom of the city of Pishpek. Documents No. 46 - No. 47. (1919 - 1920)

FROM THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE PISHPEK UGORKOM OF RCP(b) ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE BROTHERLY GRAVE City of Pishpek, January 5, 1919 ...§ 4. The faction, having heard the verbal report of Comrade Alexandrovich on the brotherly grave of those fallen at the hands of the counter-revolutionary bandits of the Pishpek district, unanimously resolved: to instruct the executive committee of the faction to assign the following tasks: 1) to arrange a fence around the grave, 2) to enclose the

25.07.2019, 16:36
Three Generations of Dancers from the Kyrgyz Ballet Theater
Ballet

Three Generations of Dancers from the Kyrgyz Ballet Theater

The first three graduating classes of national ballet dancers in Kyrgyzstan The youth's passion for ballet was so strong that during the harsh years of war (in 1943), a choreographic school was opened in Frunze, which became the foundation for training national ballet personnel. A significant role in organizing the school was played by former teacher of the Leningrad Choreographic School, Kirill Anatolyevich Afanasyev. The first graduating class of the school took place in 1948. In a

25.07.2019, 11:49
Owl - үkü
Fauna of Kyrgyzstan / Birds of Kyrgyzstan

Owl - үkü

Owl (white, eared, marsh, hawk). Order of birds of prey, including more than 420 large and medium-sized species, mostly nocturnal birds. The order consists of two families: true owls and barn owls. Brief description: large head, big round eyes at the front of the head, short, predatory beak.

24.07.2019, 18:22
The Legend of the Journey of Xuánzàng
Myths and legends

The Legend of the Journey of Xuánzàng

THE JOURNEY OF XUANZANG In the early 7th century, one of the remarkable travelers of the Middle Ages, Xuanzang, described the territory of Northern Kyrgyzstan. In his youth, he became a monk at a Buddhist monastery and soon surpassed everyone with his knowledge. To enhance his education, in 629 he set out from China to the homeland of Buddha—India. Later, Xuanzang described all the lands he visited. He dedicated several invaluable pages to describing the territory of medieval Kyrgyzstan, which

24.07.2019, 15:13