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Bishkek
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Streets of Bishkek
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Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek
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History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents
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Osh
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Osh - 3000
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Naryn
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Jalal-Abad
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Batken
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Talas
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Karakol
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Tokmok
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Cholpon-Ata
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Uzgen
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Kochkor
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Kemin
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Balykchy
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Kyzyl-Kiya
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Mailuu-Suu
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Sulukta
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Tash-Kumyr
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Toktogul
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Kara-Kul
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Kara-Balta
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Kara-Balta - Black Ax
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Kant
Report on the State of Cultural and Educational Work in the Pishpek District. Document No. 51 (September 1920)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Report on the State of Cultural and Educational Work in the Pishpek District. Document No. 51 (September 1920)

FROM THE REPORT OF THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION OF THE PISHPEK DISTRICT SOVIET ON THE STATE OF CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK IN THE DISTRICT Pishpek No earlier than September 1, 1920 Currently, the situation is as follows: in the library section, there is a Russian-Muslim library in the city of Pishpek, called the "Central" library, which has a reading room. It is planned to open a bookbinding workshop there for one set, if the necessary materials can be found. The

30.07.2019, 16:58
Resolution of the Pishpek Sanitary Commission. Document No. 48 (July 1920)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Resolution of the Pishpek Sanitary Commission. Document No. 48 (July 1920)

RESOLUTION OF THE PISHPEK UGORVOENREVKOM AND PISHPEK DISTRICT SANITARY COMMISSION ON COMPLIANCE WITH SANITARY NORMS BY THE POPULATION Pishpek, July 12, 1920. Confirming previously announced mandatory resolutions on sanitary measures for the population of the Pishpek district, the Pishpek Sanitary Commission categorically demands that the population of both the city of Pishpek and the district bring their homesteads into sanitary condition within one week from the announcement of this. 1. All

27.07.2019, 23:08
Meetings of the Ugrovoenrevkom of the city of Pishpek. Documents No. 46 - No. 47. (1919 - 1920)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Meetings of the Ugrovoenrevkom of the city of Pishpek. Documents No. 46 - No. 47. (1919 - 1920)

FROM THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE PISHPEK UGORKOM OF RCP(b) ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE BROTHERLY GRAVE City of Pishpek, January 5, 1919 ...§ 4. The faction, having heard the verbal report of Comrade Alexandrovich on the brotherly grave of those fallen at the hands of the counter-revolutionary bandits of the Pishpek district, unanimously resolved: to instruct the executive committee of the faction to assign the following tasks: 1) to arrange a fence around the grave, 2) to enclose the

25.07.2019, 16:36
Meeting of the Pishpek District Soviet. Documents No. 35 - No. 36 (April 1918)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Meeting of the Pishpek District Soviet. Documents No. 35 - No. 36 (April 1918)

FROM THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE PISHPEK DISTRICT SOVIET OF WORKERS, PEASANTS, AND RED ARMY DEPUTIES (SOVDEP) ON FOOD ISSUES Pishpek, April 11, 1918 § 5. The report from the Pishpek City Administration (food department) dated April 9 and the note from the city administration regarding the issuance of grain for seeding to 22 families of citizens residing in Pishpek was heard. The executive committee resolved by a majority vote, with one abstention: To propose to the district food

21.07.2019, 16:05
Construction of the Semirechenskaya Railway and the erection of hydraulic structures for the irrigation of the Chu River valley. Document No. 34 (June 1916).
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Construction of the Semirechenskaya Railway and the erection of hydraulic structures for the irrigation of the Chu River valley. Document No. 34 (June 1916).

ADDRESS FROM THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHENSKAYA REGION TO THE OFFICE OF THE TURKESTAN GENERAL-GOVERNORREQUESTING TO PETITION THE POLICE DEPARTMENT TO PROTECT the city of PISHPEK FROM THE INFLUX OF SUPERVISED PERSONS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE RAILWAY AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES TO MAINTAIN PEACE AND ORDER IN THE CITY City of Verny, June 3, 1916 The large-scale works currently being carried out in the Pishpek district for the construction of the Semirechenskaya Railway and the

19.07.2019, 21:59
Petition of the Indigenous Muslim Residents of the City of Pishpek to the Inspector of Public Schools. Documents No. 31 - No. 33
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Petition of the Indigenous Muslim Residents of the City of Pishpek to the Inspector of Public Schools. Documents No. 31 - No. 33

FROM THE INFORMATION OF THE NEWSPAPER "TURKESTAN NEWS" ON THE STATE OF INCOME AND EXPENSES BY CITIES OF THE SEMIRECHYE REGION Tashkent, April 29 (May 12), 1908 From the reports on the state of income and expenses by cities of the Semirechye region submitted by the military governor to the Turkestan governor-general, we borrow the following data.

18.07.2019, 03:34
Protocol of the Meeting on the Construction of a Wooden Church in Pishpek. Document No. 30 (December 1902)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Protocol of the Meeting on the Construction of a Wooden Church in Pishpek. Document No. 30 (December 1902)

PROTOCOL OF THE MEETING OF THE SEMIRECHEN REGION ON CITY AFFAIRS REGARDING THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW WOODEN CHURCH IN THE CITY OF PISHPEK City of Verny, December 14, 1902. Chairing was the Acting Military Governor of the Semirech Region, Vice Governor, Actual State Councilor Ostashkin. Present were members: Prosecutor of the Verny District Court, Collegiate Councilor Shmurlo, Verny City Mayor, hereditary honorary citizen Putagov, and a member of the Verny City Duma, retired State Councilor

15.07.2019, 12:48
Cover Letter to the Semirechensk Regional Administration. Document No. 28 and No. 29 (1901 - 1902)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Cover Letter to the Semirechensk Regional Administration. Document No. 28 and No. 29 (1901 - 1902)

COVER LETTER FOR THE SUBMISSION TO THE SEMIRECHENSK REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION FROM THE BISHKEK TWO-CLASS CITY SCHOOL ON THE CHARTER OF THE SOCIETY FOR ASSISTANCE TO NEEDY STUDENTS Bishkek, May 7, 1901 Herewith, I have the honor to submit seven (7) copies of the Charter of the Society for Assistance to Needy Students in the city of Bishkek and to inform that the opening of the aforementioned society took place on September 4, 1900. Head of the Bishkek City School, Svirchevsky

14.07.2019, 21:41
Opening of the Consumers' Society in the city of Pishpek. Documents No. 23 - No. 24 (August 1897)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Opening of the Consumers' Society in the city of Pishpek. Documents No. 23 - No. 24 (August 1897)

REPORT OF THE HEAD OF THE PISHPEK DISTRICT TO THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHEN REGION ON THE OPENING OF THE CONSUMERS' SOCIETY IN THE CITY OF PISHPEK City of Pishpek, August 2, 1897. In accordance with the directive of February 18 of this year No. 852, I have the honor to report to Your Excellency that the actions of the Consumers' Society in the city of Pishpek were opened on July 5, as notified to me by the Board of the Pishpek Consumers' Society in their correspondence

11.07.2019, 13:54
Opening of the Pishpek Charitable Society. Document No. 22 (March 1897)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Opening of the Pishpek Charitable Society. Document No. 22 (March 1897)

REPORT OF THE HEAD OF THE PISHPEK DISTRICT TO THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHENSKAYA REGION ON THE OPENING OF THE PISHPEK CHARITABLE SOCIETY Pishpek, March 8, 1897 In execution of the directive dated January 30 of this year No. 459, I have the honor to report to Your Excellency that the activities of the Pishpek Charitable Society were opened on March 2 of this year. The journals of the General Assembly of the charitable society, which took place on March 2, resolved: from the funds I

10.07.2019, 18:18
Events at the Bishkek City Men's School. Document No. 20 and No. 21 (1896 - 1897)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Events at the Bishkek City Men's School. Document No. 20 and No. 21 (1896 - 1897)

REPORT OF THE PISHPEK CITY ELDER TO THE SEMIRECHEN REGION ADMINISTRATION ON THE EVENTS HELD TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS FOR THE PISHPEK MEN'S SCHOOL Pishpek, February 14, 1896 In response to the proposal dated January 24 of this year No. 375, I have the honor to report to the regional administration that in execution of the personal order of His Excellency the Military Governor of the Semirechensk region, in October of the past 1895 year, the Pishpek City Men's School was moved to a city

08.07.2019, 03:00
Message from the newspaper "Turkestan Vedomosti". Document No. 19 (December 1895)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Message from the newspaper "Turkestan Vedomosti". Document No. 19 (December 1895)

MESSAGE FROM THE NEWSPAPER "TURKESTAN VEDOMOSTI" ABOUT THE SITUATION IN THE CITY OF PISHPEK AFTER THE OPENING OF PUBLIC CITY ADMINISTRATION Tashkent, December 21, 1895 With the opening of public city administration (July 21 of this year), its activities have gradually begun to manifest. Thus, the issue regarding the establishment of a male city school and the improvement of the reception room at the district pharmacy has been considered. The fact is that the building previously used

07.07.2019, 17:24
Reports of the Chief of the Pishpek District. Documents No. 15 - No. 18 (1891 - 1894)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Reports of the Chief of the Pishpek District. Documents No. 15 - No. 18 (1891 - 1894)

REPORT OF SURVEYOR DMITRIEV TO THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHYE REGION ON ALLOCATED PLOTS OF LAND FOR LEASE TO THE SCIENTIFIC GARDENER A.M. FETISOV Pishpek, April 1891. By the decree dated March 28 of this year No. 5050, Your Excellency entrusted me with the task of allocating two state-owned plots from the Kyrgyz lands of the Tokmak district for lease to the scientific gardener Fetisov.

06.07.2019, 04:16
Petition for the Satisfaction of A.M. Fetisov's Request. Documents No. 13 and No. 14 (January 1891)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Petition for the Satisfaction of A.M. Fetisov's Request. Documents No. 13 and No. 14 (January 1891)

RESPONSE OF THE STEPPE GENERAL-GOVERNOR TO THE REQUEST OF A.M. FETISOV SUBMITTED FOR HIS CONSIDERATION BY THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHENSKAYA REGION Omsk, January 26, 1891 In the presentation dated January 5, numbered 36, Your Excellency, informing me of the request of the manager of the Pishpek Agricultural School, Fetisov, for the allocation of 300 desiatins of state land, currently used by the Kyrgyz of the Alameddin, Tolkan, Tynaev, and Bulekbaev volosts of the Tokmak district for

05.07.2019, 11:05
Report of the Chief of Tokmak District. Document No. 12 (December 1890)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Report of the Chief of Tokmak District. Document No. 12 (December 1890)

REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF TOKMAK DISTRICT ON THE INSTRUCTION OF THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF SEMIRECHYE REGION REGARDING THE REQUEST OF A. M. FETISOV FOR THE ALLOCATION OF LAND TO HIM FOR LEASE Pishpek, December 17, 1890 In response to Your Excellency's instruction dated November 15, No. 19520, I have the honor to report that the gardener Fetisov has, in addition to the cheese factory and its accessories, the following in the city of Pishpek: a basement made of burnt brick for storing cheese;

04.07.2019, 20:25
Report by the Chief Gardener A.M. Fetisov. Document No. 11 (October 1890)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Report by the Chief Gardener A.M. Fetisov. Document No. 11 (October 1890)

REPORT NOTE OF THE SCIENTIFIC GARDENER A.M. FETISOV TO THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHYE REGION ABOUT HIS ACTIVITIES AND A REQUEST TO ALLOW HIM TO LEASE LAND FOR EXPANSION Bishkek, October 23, 1890 Wishing to expand my own business of cheese-making and agriculture, which I have been conducting in the Tokmak district for six years, I need to begin increasing the milk yield of the local breed of cattle that makes up the herd belonging to my cheese factory. Since it is difficult to achieve

01.07.2019, 09:00
Report on the Development Plan of Pishpek. Document No. 9 (July 1881)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Report on the Development Plan of Pishpek. Document No. 9 (July 1881)

REPORT OF THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHEN REGION TO THE TURKESTAN GENERAL-GOVERNOR REQUESTING PERMISSION TO ESTABLISH A CITY IN THE PISHPEK AREA IN CONNECTION WITH THE RELOCATION OF THE DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION CENTER Verney, July 19, 1881 Due to the inconvenience of the location of the settlement of Bolshoi Tokmak for the presence of district institutions and the establishment of a city here, it was proposed back in 1869 to move the center of administration of the Tokmak district to

28.06.2019, 06:19
Act on the Temporary Allotment of Pasture Land for the City of Pishpek. Document No. 8 (June 1881)
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Act on the Temporary Allotment of Pasture Land for the City of Pishpek. Document No. 8 (June 1881)

ACT ON THE TEMPORARY ALLOTMENT OF PASTURE LAND FOR THE CITY OF PISHPEK, PREPARED BY THE COMMISSION AT THE INSTRUCTION OF THE TURKESTAN GENERAL-GOVERNOR AND SENT TO THE HEAD OF THE TOKMAK DISTRICT City of Verny, June 20, 1881 We, the undersigned, by virtue of the personal order of the acting Turkestan general-governor, who is performing the duties of the head of the Tokmak district, Colonel Tomski, regarding the temporary allotment of pasture land for the city of Pishpek, conducted an

26.06.2019, 17:58
Document No. 4 (December 1877). Report of the Military Governor of the Semirechye Region to the Turkestan General Governor
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Document No. 4 (December 1877). Report of the Military Governor of the Semirechye Region to the Turkestan General Governor

REPORT OF THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHYE REGION TO THE TURKESTAN GOVERNOR-GENERAL JUSTIFYING THE NEED TO MOVE THE ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER OF THE TOKMAK DISTRICT TO PISHPEK AND REQUESTING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT THIS EVENT IN SPRING 1878 City of Verny, December 17, 1877 The city of Tokmak has long been recognized as an inconvenient location for the district administration, and in 1869 the regional administration made proposals to relocate the administrative center to a more suitable place

22.06.2019, 18:00
Document No. 3. The Revival of Pishpek
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Document No. 3. The Revival of Pishpek

CAPTURE OF THE PISHPEK FORTRESS BY THE IMPERIAL TROOPS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PISHPEK SETTLEMENT NEAR ITS RUINS1 “... Since the late 1850s, as the imperial forces advanced deeper into Semirechye, the significance of Pishpek as one of the strongest fortified outposts on the northern borders of the Kokand territories increasingly grew. The khanate government took measures almost annually to strengthen the fortress and garrison, also trying to maintain influence over the Kazakhs and Kyrgyz

21.06.2019, 13:56
Kokand Fortress of Pishpek
History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Kokand Fortress of Pishpek

PREHISTORY OF THE CAPITAL OF KYRGYZSTAN For those who currently live in this beautiful city, immersed in greenery, it is hard to believe that it began with a few dozen scattered houses around the ruins of the Pishpek Fortress. In some places, these houses were surrounded by small plantings of poplars and willows, and beyond them stretched the bare, barren steppe with scorching sands and stones... The documentary materials presented in the collection will help understand why this particular

19.06.2019, 21:23
Karacol - The Last Harbor of N. M. Przhevalsky
Karakol

Karacol - The Last Harbor of N. M. Przhevalsky

Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky. The first explorer of the nature of Central Asia. The residents of Karakol were living their usual lives when they learned that the world-famous traveler Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky was coming to their town, having chosen Karakol as the starting point for his fifth Central Asian expedition. Soon, on October 10 (22), a large expedition caravan entered the city, stretching for hundreds of meters. The townspeople greeted Przhevalsky's detachment with

20.05.2019, 11:39
Renaming Karakol to Przhevalsk
Karakol

Renaming Karakol to Przhevalsk

City in Honor of N.M. Przhevalsky Starting from 1875, the growth rate of the city significantly increased. From 1890, settlers from Ukraine, the Black Earth regions, and the Volga region began to settle in Karakol. According to the 1897 census, the population of Karakol included Russians (36%), Sarts (27%), Kyrgyz (17%), Chinese (11%), and Tatars (7%). Before the revolution, Karakol had 11 leather factories, one of the four intestinal-cleaning enterprises in modern Kyrgyzstan, and the oil mill

18.05.2019, 10:33
Chronicle of the City of Karakol
Karakol

Chronicle of the City of Karakol

Outstanding People of Karakol The chronicle of the city of Karakol preserves the names of outstanding individuals who played a significant role in its formation and development. Nikolai Matveyevich Barsov, a native of Novgorod Province, was sent to Karakol as a military hospital doctor after graduating from Moscow University. This was in early 1880, i.e., 11 years after the city was founded. The military hospital was the only medical institution in Karakol until the revolution (not counting

16.05.2019, 19:43
The Birth of the City of Karakol
Karakol

The Birth of the City of Karakol

Birthday of Karakol (Przhevalsk) - July 1, 1869 History has preserved for us the exact date, motives, and circumstances of its emergence. It became one of the first settlements established in the Issyk-Kul basin after the voluntary incorporation of Kyrgyzstan into Russia. In 1865, the tsarist government hurriedly built a series of fortifications on the Kashgar border. One of them, Ak-Su, later became the center of the Karakol district. Ak-Su was located away from trade routes and seasonal

15.05.2019, 03:37
Osh. The Development of the City in Soviet Times
Osh

Osh. The Development of the City in Soviet Times

Osh — the oldest city in Kyrgyzstan. Findings of lifted ceramics and stone artifacts from the Bronze Age in the territory of the city, followed by excavation work on the terraces of Suleiman Mountain, have shown their affiliation with the Chust archaeological culture, dated to 3000 years ago. The archaeologically documented age of the oldest settlement in Osh is evidence of the first stable economic development by primitive humans of the territory of the modern city. Thus, the previously held

21.04.2018, 20:43
Osh. Events in Southern Kyrgyzstan in February 1917
Osh

Osh. Events in Southern Kyrgyzstan in February 1917

February Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution of 1917 in Osh. The overthrow of the tsarist autocracy on February 27 (March 12), 1917, in Petrograd, and soon in Moscow, by the uprising workers and soldiers — mostly peasants dressed in soldiers' overcoats — led to the widespread victory of the second Russian bourgeois-democratic revolution across the country by March. The most characteristic feature of this revolution, both in the center of the country and in the national outskirts, including

19.04.2018, 21:14
Osh. The Uprising of 1916.
Osh

Osh. The Uprising of 1916.

The Uprising of 1916 in Southern Kyrgyzstan Deep dissatisfaction with the tsarist government and its anti-people foreign and domestic policies manifested itself, in particular, in spontaneous anti-war protests in Central Russia and the Central Asian outskirts of the country immediately after the first mobilizations of reserve soldiers. Among these was the protest on July 21-22, 1914, at the Andijan assembly point of peasants and townspeople called up to the army, who left behind unprotected

16.04.2018, 21:05
Osh. Revolutionary Events of 1905-1907.
Osh

Osh. Revolutionary Events of 1905-1907.

The revolutionary protests of workers, townspeople, and peasants in southern Kyrgyzstan in 1905-1907 were an integral part of the first popular revolution in Russia during the period of imperialism. After the events of Bloody Sunday—January 9, 1905, in St. Petersburg, influenced by the revolutionary upsurge sweeping the country, the growing national liberation movement flowed into the overall stream of democratic forces. Together with their Russian brothers, the workers and peasants of Central

15.04.2018, 11:23
Osh. Popular Uprisings in the Late 19th Century
Osh

Osh. Popular Uprisings in the Late 19th Century

The uprisings of the townspeople of Osh and the rural residents of the district in the 1880s and 1890s were part of the popular unrest in the Fergana region. They were caused everywhere by the same socio-economic reasons, directed against the intensification of colonial oppression and the oppression of the local exploitative elite. The religious coloring or involvement of some feudal elements in leading them did not change their overall anti-colonial and anti-feudal orientation. Following the

12.04.2018, 13:50
"Osh. Monuments of Osh"
Osh

"Osh. Monuments of Osh"

Cult Structures of the City Pre-revolutionary Osh was not very rich in historical and architectural monuments; nevertheless, some of them, even those that have not survived to this day, deserve at least a mention, if not a description. Mainly, these are cult structures. We can name the dome of Kurbandzhan-dakhi, built at the foot of Suleiman Mountain in 1907; the mosque of Muhammad Yusupa-Baykhodji, erected in 1909-1910, next to which was the domed mosque of Sydykbay from the 19th century, the

08.04.2018, 18:41
Osh. Taxes and Levies
Osh

Osh. Taxes and Levies

Tax Exploitation in Pre-Revolutionary Osh After the fall of the Kokand Khanate on February 17, 1876, the Turkestan administration established the "Commission for Clarifying Tax Obligations and State Property of Fergana," which presented a report with its proposals on March 11 of the same year "on the method of revenue collection and the abolition of certain revenue items that do not comply with our laws." Lieutenant General Kolpakovsky imposed a resolution on the report:

07.04.2018, 11:32
Osh. Economic Activities
Osh

Osh. Economic Activities

Coat of Arms of the City of Osh Agriculture and farming have always played an important role in the economy of Osh during the pre-revolutionary period. This is similar to other late feudal cities in Central Asia, whose populations were equally closely tied to the land. Most of the Osh farmers were residents of the old ("indigenous") part of the city, which was even designated as a separate tax district within the Osh county. Its lands were located around the city. In 1903-1905, the

04.04.2018, 14:45
Osh. Population
Osh

Osh. Population

Growth of the Population of Osh “Although the colonial path of development that Central Asia took after its annexation to Russia and its transformation into a raw material appendage of the metropolis hindered industrial development, during this period, more favorable conditions were created than before for the deepening of social division of labor, increasing the commodity nature of the economy, and developing economic specialization in certain areas, which led to significant urban growth,”

02.04.2018, 21:11
Osh. City Management
Osh

Osh. City Management

Police Administration in the City City management particularly vividly reflects the discriminatory and exploitative orientation of the tsarist government's policy in Turkestan towards the local, non-Russian population. Unlike other county centers in the Fergana region, where city management and its economy, including budget preparation, were entrusted to county chiefs with symbolic participation from city deputies, in Osh, where the majority of the city's residents were indigenous to

01.04.2018, 11:55
Osh. District Center
Osh

Osh. District Center

Descriptions of Osh by Russian and Foreign Travelers After the dissolution of the Kokand Khanate, the Fergana region was established in its territory as part of the Turkestan General Governorship. The sizes of the new administrative units—districts—were initially determined by the borders of the former vilayets with their bekstans and sarkerstans. In the Osh district, the Bulak-Bashinsk bekstan and the Osh sarkerstans initially remained, but later they were replaced by volosts. The city of Osh

31.03.2018, 16:17
Osh. Terrible Years
Osh

Osh. Terrible Years

Mass Popular Movements in the Kokand Khanate Particularly significant events took place in Osh in the first half of the 1870s. They are associated with the largest popular movement — the Kokand Uprising and the liquidation of the khanate itself. In a brief official note titled "Regarding the Disturbances in the Kokand Khanate," the Orientalist N. F. Petrovsky noted that the cause of the uprising boiled down to "the cruel, extremely despotic rule of the khanate by its former

28.03.2018, 21:30
Osh. Tax Oppression
Osh

Osh. Tax Oppression

Tax Burdens on the Working Population of the City Taxes were levied on grain crops from the townspeople — kharaj, on melons — tanap, on livestock — zyaket, on trade — also zyaket, taxes were collected from handicraft production, for legal transactions, for inheritance of property, for gathering firewood, etc. It is no wonder that the Russian orientalist A. L. Kun, who collected tax records after the fall of the Kokand Khanate, wrote about the tax burden: “It seemed that only air remained, for

27.03.2018, 14:21
Osh. Monuments and Manuscripts
Osh

Osh. Monuments and Manuscripts

Cult Monuments of Osh It is particularly difficult to characterize the culture of the population of Osh during the Kokand period, not only due to the scarcity of sources. The Kokand Khanate was at such a stage of development that there are no grounds to speak of cultural progress: the culture of the preceding Timurid period was much higher. Moreover, very few sources on the history of culture from the Kokand period have survived. We can only affirmatively speak about those architectural and

25.03.2018, 22:27
Osh. The Madrasah and Its Waqf
Osh

Osh. The Madrasah and Its Waqf

Archives of Unknown Documents on the History of Osh Having become a prominent Kokand dignitary, Datka Alay, the hakim of the Andijan province, and finally, for a short time, the chief vizier of the Kokand Khanate, Alymbek continued to regard the Alay pastures almost as his ancestral estate, while the city of Osh became the base for the Kyrgyz nomads. It was in Osh that Alymbek built a madrasah at his own expense, which, according to contemporaries, rivaled the khan's madrasah in Kokand in

23.03.2018, 15:21