Painting

Academicism in the Works of Kyrgyz Painters

Academicism of Kyrgyz Painters Kulchoro Kerimbekov, Jakul Kozakhmetov, and Altymysh Usubaliev, who underwent academic training, did not significantly influence the overall stylistics of Kyrgyz painting. Rather, they themselves were influenced by the founders, preserving certain features of academicism in their work. Academicism manifested mainly in the character of color solutions and compositional structures of the works; however, all of them aimed to work within the framework of established

24.07.2014, 11:34

Painting

Painting in Kyrgyzstan - Mid-20th Century

Artists of the Mid-20th Century For the centenary of Kyrgyzstan's voluntary accession to Russia, Viktor Stepanovich Tyurin painted "The Meeting of the First Russian Settlers with the Kyrgyz" (1963). For this work, Tyurin gathered a large amount of study material, created portraits of the descendants of the first Russian settlers suitable for the painting in terms of type, and made studies of Kyrgyz life and ancient utensils. The painting is narrative in nature, where all details

23.07.2014, 23:59

Painting

The Creativity of L. F. Deimant

Leonid Fedorovich Deimant primarily worked in the genre of thematic painting, often without any study material, relying on his imagination. Deimant was perhaps one of the few artists in the republic who was interested in the narrative aspect of painting, developing a detailed script in advance, where each character was assigned a specific role. This was followed by the process of constructing mise-en-scènes that would accurately reflect the artist's intent, and finally, searching for

23.07.2014, 22:45

Painting

The Creativity of A. I. Ignatiev

Until the 1960s, Ignatiev's work predominantly featured Kyrgyz themes, primarily related to rural life, which led to a traditional blending of genre with landscape ("The Horsemen", 1960). This allowed the artist to address the problem of plein air painting, emphasizing the state of nature, which imparted a poetic contemplativeness to genre motifs, typically interpreted as eventless. Working alongside artists of strong and vivid talent, Ignatiev maintained an independent vision

23.07.2014, 22:22

Painting

The Creativity of Sabyrbek Akylbekov

A remarkable phenomenon in Kyrgyz visual art was the creativity of Sabyrbek Akylbekov. His thematic range was not extensive. He was a born landscape painter, possessing a rare gift for noticing and conveying the almost elusive aspects of nature. For Akylbekov, the most beloved form of creativity was working en plein air. He perfectly absorbed the lessons of his teachers (N. Krymov and I. Petrovichev) about the necessity of harmony in the tone of color planes when working outdoors and applied

23.07.2014, 21:48

Painting

The Creativity of Gapar Aitieva

The creativity of Gapar Aitiev in the 1960s and 70s was exceptionally fruitful: it was the peak of his landscape artistry. For Aitiev, as well as for S. Chuykov and other artists of the older generation in Kyrgyzstan, the foundation of the creative process was the work on plein air studies, which, due to their meticulous execution, could be equated to paintings, and often surpassed them in freshness of painting and emotional resonance. For his compositional landscapes, Aitiev typically used a

23.07.2014, 19:31

Painting

The Creativity of S. Chuykov

The restlessness of the creative interests of artists, sensitive to the most important aspects of art — to poetry and truth, to true artistic expression, that is, to the aesthetic modeling of the real lives of people and their spiritual quests, testifies to the life-giving nature of the process of development in Kyrgyz painting. This process encompasses the entire dynamic of contradictions both between form and content and within the very issues of form creation. Spiritual needs, reflecting

23.07.2014, 18:26

Painting

Visual Arts of Kyrgyzstan in the 60s-80s.

Integration of Artistic Cultures The international integration of artistic cultures has deepened and expanded, based on the commonality of the economic and spiritual life of the peoples of our country. This process, which has accelerated in pace, does not eliminate the differences between nations, which, as V. I. Lenin pointed out, "will persist for a very long time even after the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat on a global scale." The differences, determined by

23.07.2014, 10:16

Kant

Kant

The city of Kant is a city of district subordination. In Kyrgyz, "kant" means sugar; the city is named after the sugar factory that was located here. It was established in 1934, and it was granted city status in 1985. The area of the city is 786 hectares. The population of the city is 22,200 people. The number of households is 7,149. The city of Kant is located 20 km from Bishkek. The nearest airport, "Manas," is 45 km away. The railway station is within the city limits.

19.07.2014, 12:12

Kara-Balta

Kara-Balta

Kara-Balta, which translates as "Black Axe," is one of the youngest cities in the Kyrgyz Republic, comfortably located at the foot of the northern slope of Ala-Too, in the center of the western part of the Chui Valley, 62 km from the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic - the city of Bishkek, at an altitude of 700-750 meters above sea level, on the left bank of the Kara-Balta River in the Chu River basin. In the 6th-7th centuries, the city was known as Nuzket and was an important trading

19.07.2014, 11:51

Kara-Kul

Kara-Kul

Kara-Kul is a city in the Jalal-Abad region of Kyrgyzstan. According to the 2009 census of Kyrgyzstan, the population of the city was 22,502 people, including Kyrgyz — 21,217 people or 94.3%, Russians — 771 people or 3.4%, Uzbeks — 143 people or 0.7%, Tatars — 141 people or 0.7%.[1] It is located near the confluence of the Kara-Su River into the Naryn River, on the Bishkek — Osh highway, 78 km from the railway station of Tash-Kumyr (the terminus of the branch from Uchkurghan). It was

19.07.2014, 11:27

Toktogul

Toktogul

The urban-type settlement Toktogul is located in the Toktogul district of the Jalal-Abad region of Kyrgyzstan and serves as its administrative center. It was previously known as Muztor. In 2012, the settlement of Toktogul was granted city status. The population is 16.4 thousand residents (2009). In eleven villages and settlements of the Toktogul district, there are 86,306 people. The map of Toktogul shows that it is situated on the shore of the Toktogul reservoir. It was formed on the Naryn

19.07.2014, 07:04

Tash-Kumyr

Tash-Kumyr

The first settlements in the current location of the city of Tashkumyr appeared during the pre-revolutionary period with the beginning of coal deposit exploration. The development of coal mining began in the 1930s after the construction of the Tashkumyr – Andijan railway. In 1933, a mining administration was established. In 1930, when a coal basin opened in this region, a small mining settlement was established, which grew into a city in 1943. In the 1960s, with the start of construction of

19.07.2014, 06:36

Sulukta

Sulyukta

Sulyukta is a city of regional subordination in the Batken region of Kyrgyzstan. Population (2009) — 20.7 thousand people. The city is located in the northern foothills of the Turkestan Range, at an altitude of 1380 meters above sea level, 150 km west of the regional center, the city of Batken (via the route: Sulyukta — Leilek District, Sughd Region of the Republic of Tajikistan — Batken) and 950 km from the republican center, Bishkek. The city is connected by the Sulyukta narrow-gauge railway

19.07.2014, 00:26

Kyzyl-Kiya

Kyzyl-Kiya

Kyzyl-Kiya is a city of regional subordination in the Batken region of Kyrgyzstan. Population (2009) — 44.1 thousand people. The city is located in the northeastern part of the Batken region, at the intersection of the highways "Osh—Sulyukta" and "Osh—Fergana," 150 km northeast of the regional center — the city of Batken; 86 km southwest of the city of Osh and 39 km southeast of the regional center, the city of Fergana in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The city is situated at

19.07.2014, 00:02

Kemin

Kemin

Kemin is a city in Kyrgyzstan. It is the administrative center of the Kemin District in the Chuy Region. It is located on the banks of the Chu River, 95 km east of Bishkek. The population is 8,169 residents, making it the largest settlement in the district. The Bishkek – Balykchy road and railway pass through Kemin. During the Soviet era, a number of industrial enterprises were built in Kemin, including electrical engineering, linoleum, building materials, bread factories, a gold mining plant,

18.07.2014, 23:31

Kochkor

Kochkor

The city of Kochkor is located on the main road leading from Balakchi to Naryn and has become a natural stopping point for nomads and travelers. Most people also used Kochkor (the Russian name Kochkorka) as a transit base to China via the Torugart Pass. A mosque and a hotel (teahouse) were built here. This place has always attracted the attention of people from various nationalities. Besides Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Uyghurs, Dungans, and later Russian and German settlers settled on this plain. (After

18.07.2014, 23:09

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan

Nikolai Mikhailovich PRZHEVALSKY

Nikolai Mikhailovich PRZHEVALSKY (1839—1888) was a Russian scientist and naturalist who explored previously unknown regions of Inner Asia, a major general (1886), and an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1878).

18.07.2014, 23:07

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Peter Petrovich SEMENOV (Tian-Shansky)

One of the first pioneers in the study of Kyrgyzstan was the Russian scientist and traveler Petr Petrovich SEMENOV (1827—1914), who, for his scientific contributions to the study of the Tengri-Tuu region (in Chinese “Tian-Shan”) in 1856—1857 and subsequent years, received the honorary literary name “Tian-Shan.” He created the orographic scheme of Tengri-Tuu and refuted the existing theories in contemporary science about the volcanic origin of the Tengri-Tuu mountain system.

18.07.2014, 23:02

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Vasily Vladimirovich BARTOLD

The luminary of European Oriental studies was the Russian scholar Vasily Vladimirovich BARTOLD (November 3, 1869 — August 19, 1930). He graduated from the Faculty of Eastern Languages at St. Petersburg University (1891). His dissertation "Turkestan in the Era of the Mongol Invasion," prepared for obtaining a master's degree, was recognized as a doctoral thesis (1900). He personally visited various regions of Central Asia, including Kyrgyzstan.

18.07.2014, 22:53

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Vasily Vasilievich Radlov

Vasily Vasilievich RADLOV (January 5, 1837 — May 12, 1918) represents a new peak in Russian Turkology. He was born and studied in Berlin. Among his university professors was the orientalist Wilhelm Schott (1802—1880), who published a scientific article on the history of the Kyrgyz in 1864.

18.07.2014, 22:51

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Chokan Chingisovich Valikhanov

Chokan Chingisovich VALIKHANOV (November 1835 — April 1865) was a Russian scholar of Kazakh nationality.

18.07.2014, 22:42

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Kozhomurat SARYKULAKOV

Kozhomurat SARYKULAKOV (1892-1918) — a public figure, one of the first Kyrgyz students who studied at European universities. He was born in the Uzun-Kyrskaya volost (now - Kant district) of the Pishpek county. In 1911, he graduated from the Vernensky Gymnasium (in present-day Almaty) with a silver medal. From 1911 to 1913, he studied in Kyiv at Saint Vladimir University in the medical faculty, and from 1914 to 1917, he studied at the law faculty of Kazan University. After the fall of the

18.07.2014, 22:27

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Mollo Niyaz

Mollo NIYAZ (1820-1896) - poet, thinker, and educator. He was born in the Shai-Merden valley (Shakhimardan) in southern Kyrgyzstan. He studied at a madrasah (a higher Muslim school) in the city of Kashgar. His poems and poetic admonitions, which have survived to this day, are characterized by wisdom and a call for enlightenment. He traveled through both Fergana and Southern Kyrgyzstan, as well as Central Tengri-Too and Eastern Turkestan. His philosophical views on life, death, the universe,

18.07.2014, 22:08

Tokmok

Tokmok

Tokmok (Kyrgyz: Токмок) is a city in Kyrgyzstan, the administrative center of the Chuy Region. It is located in the north of Kyrgyzstan, between 43° N latitude and 75° E longitude, on the left bank of the Chu River, which forms the border between Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. To the north and south of it stretch the Tien Shan mountain ranges. South of Tokmok lies the powerful Kyrgyz Ala-Too range. North of the Chu River is the Ili Ala-Too, extending into Kazakhstan. The combination of the

18.07.2014, 21:58

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Arstanbek BOYLOSH (BUYLASH) UULU

Arstanbek BOYLOSH (BUYLASH) UULU (1824—1878) — one of the prominent thinkers and poets of the "zamanyists," an improvisational poet, composer, and performer on the komuz. He was born into the family of Boylosh bi, an aristocrat from the Tynymseyit tribe, by his second wife Torekan in the region of Syrt, Eki-Naryn. From a young age, the poet became aware of social issues, as his mother was declared "salbar" — a wife with limited marital rights.

18.07.2014, 21:53

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Kaligul BAI UULU

Kalygul BAI UULU (1785-1855) - a thinker, a representative of the philosophical movement of "zamanists," associated with Sufi thought in Central Asia. His famous words about life, the end of the world (the Day of Judgment), and the relationships of the northern Kyrgyz with the Kokand Khanate and Russia represent a treasure trove of folk wisdom. Although it is not exactly known whether he was literate himself, the sage of the Sarbagysh tribe of the Kochkor and Issyk-Kul Kyrgyz called

18.07.2014, 21:43

Batken

Batken

Batken is a city in Kyrgyzstan, the administrative center of Batken Region and District. The population is 12,134 people (according to the 2009 census). It is located in the southwest of Kyrgyzstan, approximately 240 km west of Osh. The total area of the city is 5,180 hectares. The city’s own territory (excluding private plots) is 1,143 hectares. Agricultural land in the city amounts to 4,037 hectares, including 1,106 hectares of land for peasant farms, of which 918 hectares are irrigated;

18.07.2014, 21:35

Jalal-Abad

Jalal-Abad

The city is located in the foothills of the Tien Shan mountain range at the foot of the small Ayub-Tau mountains, at an altitude of 763 m above sea level in the Kogart valley. The distance to the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, is approximately 605 km. The city of Osh is located 105 km to the southwest. The climate is subtropical and dry, with hot summers reaching +43˚C, sunny autumns with rare downpours, and warm winters with increased humidity and an average temperature of around 0˚C. The

18.07.2014, 21:14

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Zahir al-Din Muhammad Babur (Zahiruddin Babur)

The Timurid ruler and scholar - Zahir ad-Din Muhammad Babur (1483-1530), was the founder of the last powerful Muslim dynasty in India, which ruled the country until British colonization. Babur, a famous descendant of Emir Timur and nephew of the khans of Moghulistan (a state that encompassed Northern Kyrgyzstan, Semirechye, and Eastern Turkestan), became the ruler of Fergana at the age of 12 after losing his father, and chose Suleiman-Too in the city of Osh as his residence. Later, he ordered

18.07.2014, 16:04

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Jamala Karshi

JAMAL KARSHI, Abu-l-Fadl ibn Muhammad Jamal ad-Din Karshi (born in 1230-1231, date of death unknown) was a historian, linguist, and poet from the Semirechye region. He was born in the city of Almalyk, the capital of the vilayet of El-Alargu. His father was one of the scholars of the city of Balasagun. For the upbringing and education of his son, Sugnak-tegin, Jamal ad-Din was given the nickname "Karshi" ("Palatial").

18.07.2014, 15:53

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Ulugh Beg Muhammad Taragay

Southern Kyrgyzstan was fully integrated into the world of science and culture during the Timurid era, which produced many scholars, historians, poets, and thinkers.

18.07.2014, 15:33

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Ahmed Yugnaki

An outstanding Central Asian Sufi thinker and poet was Ahmed Yugnaki (second half of the 12th - early 13th century). His work “Hibat al-Haqaiq” — “Gift of Truths” has survived to us in three manuscript copies stored in Istanbul.

17.07.2014, 22:22

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

The title translates to "Khoja Ahmed Yasawi."

The 12th century is associated with the name of the steppe poet, thinker, and major representative of Sufi wisdom Khoja Ahmed Yasawi (Jazylik Kul Kojo Akmat). The place and date of his birth are disputed. According to the majority of researchers, he was born in the city of Yasyi (later Turkestan in southern Kazakhstan), while another version claims he was born in the Yasyi Valley (Jazy) in southern Kyrgyzstan. If he wandered through the steppes and mountains of Central Asia, then his work

17.07.2014, 22:10

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Mahmud Kashgari

Kashgari Mahmud, son of Hussein, grandson of Muhammad, is a representative of the science and culture of the Turkic-Muslim Renaissance of the peoples of the Karakhanid Khaganate. He was born around 1029-1038 in the city of Barskan (modern-day Barskoon in the Jeti-Oguz district of the Issyk-Kul region) in the family of a regional ruler of the Karakhanids. He died after 1077. He studied in Barskan, Kashgar, and other centers of Muslim scholarship.

17.07.2014, 22:04

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Yusuf (Jusup) al-Balāsaghūnī

Yusuf (Jusup) al-Balасaguni was born around 1015-1018 in the principality's capital, which once became the northern capital of the entire khanate. This city was famous as a center of science and culture of its time. The Burana settlement, southwest of the modern city of Tokmok, is the ruins of this cultural hub of the Karakhanids.

17.07.2014, 21:17

Science

The History of Modern Kyrgyz Science

Since ancient times, humans have pondered questions about the origins of everything, the emergence of life, the explanation of death, and so on. Answers to these and other questions were sought and found in everyday life.

17.07.2014, 21:03

Sculpture

"Stationary Composition in the Works of Kyrgyz Masters"

Masters of Stationary Sculpture A sign of maturity in sculpture in Kyrgyzstan is the intense development of sculptural composition. In this genre, the figurative and compositional-plastic tasks have significantly complicated, marking a transition to a new level of artistic generalization of life phenomena, the construction of sculptural form, and mastery of traditional and modern materials. In this sphere, the talents of sculptors have been revealed quite fully and uniquely. A significant

15.07.2014, 19:18

National currency

Masterpieces of Art in Miniature 2

Of course, the story about masterpieces in miniature would be incomplete if we did not mention the money featuring unique animals that inhabit Kyrgyzstan, with the famous snow leopard being the first among them. These beautiful animals are mainly hunted by experienced trappers from zoos, who catch them alive and send them to zoos both nearby and far abroad. However, hunting the snow leopard is fraught with enormous difficulties and surprises because it is very elusive, cautious, and lives high

15.07.2014, 14:50

National currency

Masterpieces of Art in Miniature 1

Banknotes of states are true masterpieces of visual art. What do they depict? Typically, banknotes feature a coat of arms, a portrait of the head of state or a famous compatriot, a monument of antiquity, or a landscape characteristic of the country. Soviet money usually depicted the portrait of Lenin, a worker, and a peasant. On English banknotes, we see Saint George striking a dragon with a spear, and a lion holding a key with a chain. On Greek money, there are portraits of great

15.07.2014, 14:44

Finance

New Authorities - New Money

After the victory of the February bourgeois-democratic revolution, power in Russia passed into the hands of the Provisional Government, which represented the interests of large capitalists and landowners, determining its policy, including economic and financial. The slogan proclaimed by it, "War to a victorious end," meant for large capital that the super-profits from military supplies under government contracts flowed to the usual address. On the other hand, continuing the war was

14.07.2014, 22:52

Finance

Money - Servants or Masters?

Financial hunger. The first paper money - banknotes - were issued in Russia in 1796. Unlike the gold coins that existed at the same time, they did not have a fixed exchange rate. Their value often fluctuated, and they were almost always valued lower (sometimes several times) than their nominal value. In the first third of the 19th century, Russia operated a bimetallic system, where gold, silver, and banknotes circulated simultaneously. In the 1830s, preparations began for a monetary reform,

14.07.2014, 15:52

Finance

From Shell and Copper - to Silver and Gold

The oldest means of monetary circulation in our region is considered to be, as in other Eastern countries, livestock, tools of production and labor. Archaeological studies of the earliest monuments of Central Asia, including Tian Shan, also show that cowrie shells - a type of marine gastropod mollusk - were used as money. These shells are oval in shape, resembling white porcelain, and were often used as ornaments. Due to their shape, they were also referred to as "snake heads" or

13.07.2014, 00:57

Finance

Secrets of the Ancient Coins.

As a rule, ancient money commands respect: it has seen and known much, sometimes containing secrets that remain unsolved for centuries. For instance, the material from which a coin is made allows us to conclude what metals were used at that time, how various alloys were composed, and whether the blanks were processed by casting or forging. If you weigh several identical coins, you will get an answer to the question of what units of measurement our distant ancestors used. Are you interested in

12.07.2014, 22:47

Natural ecological complexes

Zone "Toktogul"

The Toktogul Zone includes the Ketmentebin intermountain basin in the lower reaches of the Naryn River, the Toktogul Reservoir, and the valley of the right tributary of the Naryn — Chychkan ("mouse"). The zone is located within the middle section of the famous Kyrgyz route Bishkek — Osh. Its center, the village of Toktogul, is located 190 km from the city of Talas. The city of Kara-Kul, located on the southern border of the zone, is 295 km away from Osh. The Ketmentebin basin is

12.07.2014, 19:09

Natural ecological complexes

"Manas Zone"

The "Manas" zone is located 63 km from the city of Talas, south of the village of Kirovskoye on the northern slopes of the Talas Ala-Too. It includes the branched gorges of Kara-Buura, Kyurkureo-Suu, and Maidantal, through which the rivers of the same name flow. On the slopes of the lower part of the gorges, mountain steppes with patches of various shrubs are widely represented. Sometimes snakes can be encountered here. More than ten species of snakes are found in Kyrgyzstan.

12.07.2014, 17:35

Natural ecological complexes

Zone "Talas"

The "Talas" zone is located in the central part of the Talas River valley and includes the city of Talas, its surroundings, as well as historical and cultural areas with remarkable architectural monuments, among which the mausoleum of Manas holds a special place. It is advisable to start the acquaintance with the city of Talas. This is a small city, whose growth was long hindered by the weak development of industry. It was founded in 1877 by Russian and Ukrainian settlers on the left

12.07.2014, 16:48

Natural ecological complexes

"Orto-Tokoy Zone"

The Orto-Tokoy Zone encompasses the territorial foothills at the western end of the Terskey Ala-Too range, including the Kochkorka and Kara-Kudzhur valleys. The distance by road to the center of the zone — the district center of Kochkorka — is about 150 kilometers from the city of Naryn and 58 kilometers from the city of Balikchy. The Kochkorka mid-mountain valley is framed by the Kyrgyz Ala-Too range (4234 m in this zone), Terskey Ala-Too (3600 m in this zone), Kara-Dzhorgo (3933 m), and

12.07.2014, 15:58