Usuns This text will discuss the people of the Usuns. Few Central Asian-Kazakh ethnonyms have such a long history. Emerging on the historical stage in the 2nd century BC, the Usuns retained their self-designation in sources from the 10th to 12th centuries. Finally, under the tribal name "Uysun," "Uyshun," their descendants entered the composition of the Kyrgyz and Kazakh peoples in the 16th century.
The Girl from the Kyrgyz Village of Tash-Tyube The drawing of the dance shines with novelty, an airy light trace is elusive, she glorified her native people with her astonishing art. Suyunbay Eraliyev.
LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE KIROV REGIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE VKP(b) TO THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE VKP(b) COMRADE STALIN I.V. AND TO THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE USSR COMRADE MOLOTOV V.M. REQUESTING PERMISSION TO CONSTRUCT A PUBLIC LIBRARY-READING ROOM IN FRUNZE Frunze No earlier than July 1937 The city of Frunze - the center of the Kyrgyz SSR does not have a public library. The existing book collection is scattered, stored in
Ala-Too Cutlets Ala-Too is a dish from Kyrgyz cuisine. It is a meat dish made from lamb served under this name. This dish has several variations. It can be served as cutlets or as grilled meat. How to prepare Ala-Too (cutlets)? Ingredients: Lamb 170, milk 30, egg 1 pc., butter 20, greens 3, flour 5, egg 1 pc., milk 5, bread roll 30, bread roll for croutons 20, clarified butter for frying 15;
Renewal of Archaeological Research in the Inner Tian Shan The continuation of A.N. Bernshtein's work in the region is represented by the research of the Kyrgyz Comprehensive Archaeological and Ethnographic Expedition. One of the expedition's teams, led by A.K. Kibiriv, studied the monuments of ancient nomads from 1983 to 1985. The team surveyed all areas of the Inner Tian Shan, including those previously unvisited by archaeologists: Son-Kul, Susamyr, the upper reaches of the Naryn
RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE KYRGYZ SSR "ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK CHAMBER" Frunze, May 23, 1937 It was resolved: 1. To organize, under the Committee of Science of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kyrgyz SSR, the Book Chamber of the Kyrgyz SSR.
Golyanka - Phoxinus phoxinus In Kyrgyzstan, there are two subspecies of this small fish — the Issyk-Kul golyanka and the Chui golyanka. The Issyk-Kul golyanka is found only in the basin of Lake Issyk-Kul, while the Chui golyanka is found in the basin of the Chu River. Golyanka is very undemanding in terms of living conditions and nutrition, which makes it possible to keep it successfully in an aquarium.
Filchakov Mikhail Ivanovich Mikhail Ivanovich was a Soviet serviceman, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, a full knight of the Order of Glory, a reconnaissance observer of the 120-mm mortar battery of the 170th Guards Rifle Regiment, and a Guards Private at the time of his nomination for the Order of Glory 1st class. He was born in 1910 in the village of Lyubitsk (now in the Pugachevsky District of the Saratov Region). In 1939, he moved to the city of Frunze. On January 4, 1942, he was
TRAVELER ALEXEY FEDCHENKO IN TURKESTAN It is not surprising that the phenomenon of Kurmandzhan Datka caused genuine amazement among Russian and European travelers who visited Kokand, as even educated Western residents of the 19th century knew little about Turkestan. Having explored almost everything on the planet, from New Zealand to Tierra del Fuego, geographers of the past century primarily drew information about Central Asia from ancient Chinese chronicles, only occasionally daring to
FROM THE SPEECH OF THE DIRECTOR OF KYRGYZ SECONDARY SCHOOL NO. 5 IN FRUNZE, COMRADE UMURZAKOV, AT THE V EXTRAORDINARY CONGRESS OF SOVIETS Frunze, March 22, 1937 ... Now I would like to particularly focus on one school - this is Kyrgyz Secondary School No. 5 named after A.S. Pushkin, of which I am the director. It is the first Kyrgyz secondary school in the history of the Kyrgyz people, with 493 children studying there, of which 236 are girls. We have 23 teachers, mostly all Kyrgyz, and among
National Clothing and Costumes of the Kyrgyz The formation and development of the national costume of the Kyrgyz were influenced by the characteristics of their economy, lifestyle, natural and climatic factors, migrations of tribal groups, trade relations, and contacts with other ethnic groups, as well as religious beliefs, although in the 19th century, the latter factor was not particularly significant. The genesis of clothing forms, like all material culture of the Kyrgyz, dates back to the
The Kyrgyz people, defending their freedom and land, alongside other peoples of Eastern Tian Shan and Turkestan. The fraternal peoples of Central Asia have their own traditions of love for freedom and revolution. Their history is rich with facts of heroic and selfless struggle against "their own" and foreign oppressors. In a stubborn and harsh struggle that lasted for centuries, the peoples of Central Asia defended their rights to life, their native land, national culture, and
NEW ASPECTS IN THE CULTURE OF EARLY NOMADS OF THE TIEN SHAN On the territory of Inner Tien Shan, monuments from all ancient epochs are known to date: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, and the Medieval period. As is known, the beginning of the documentation of monuments in this region was laid in the second half of the 19th century by the works of Russian scholars and local historians, such as Ch.Ch. Valikhanov, N.A. Severcev, V.V. Bartold, A.M. Fetisov, N.N. Pantusov, and others. They
The First Khans of Moghulistan After the assassination of Khan Kazan in the eastern part of the Chagatai ulus, centrifugal forces intensified. Mahmud Ibn Wali wrote about this: “Every Mongol emir began to claim independence and autocracy, raising the banner of opposition and discord.” In this situation, one of the Dughlat emirs, Puladchi (Buladji), decided to find a descendant of Chagatai and create a new independent state under his name. In 1348, he brought the prince Toghluk-Timur from the
Mastava Mastava is a type of soup. Besides Kyrgyzstan, it is prepared in many countries of Central Asia. Ingredients:
The Disgraced Monk with Seditious Prayer Beads In early May 1853, in the cold cell of the St. Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg, a lonely and forgotten prominent Russian sinologist, a scholar of international renown — the monk Iakinf — was dying. He had long ceased to eat and respond to the questions of the novice who was voluntarily caring for him. The day before his death, one of his colleagues from the Asian Department visited him. The old man's faded brown eyes were motionless.
The city of Osh - the center of the southern outskirts of Tsarist Russia As a result of the persistent struggle of the people, the Kokand Khanate was liquidated in February 1876, completing the annexation of Kyrgyzstan to Russia. Thus, the city of Osh entered a new period in its life. The annexation of Southern Kyrgyzstan to Russia was a progressive act in the development of the economy of Osh and its surroundings. On February 19, 1876, a treaty was concluded in Osh between the Alai queen
Construction Techniques The archaic types of stationary dwellings of the Kyrgyz include small rectangular single-chamber adobe structures with flat or gabled roofs. They were built without a foundation, with rough plastered walls. The doors were made of vertically placed boards nailed together and reinforced with pegs. The frame had a high threshold. A characteristic feature of such dwellings is the hearth located on the floor. A hole was made in the ceiling for smoke to escape. Wall openings
Pike A widely distributed species, it lives in large and small rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, preferring clean and fresh, but not too cold water. The common pike is a small fish (usually no larger than 15 cm, rarely up to 22 cm in length) with an elongated, spindle-shaped body covered with large scales, absent on the belly between the pectoral fins and the interbranch gap, a somewhat flattened head with upward-facing eyes.
Geopolitical Relations Between the Russian Empire and Central Asia It is characteristic that the wider Britain's penetration into Central Asia became, the more intensively the states of the region established diplomatic contacts with Russia. Thus, in 1841, the Khivan embassy of Ishniyaz Mamentniyazov was received in Orenburg, and in 1842, in St. Petersburg - Vaysbai Niyazov and Ishbay Babaev. In 1846, Klychmiyaz-bai Niyazmukhammedov and Shukurulla-bai Miskinov visited the Russian capital,
FROM THE PROTOCOL OF THE MEETING OF THE BUREAU OF THE FRUNZE CITY COMMITTEE OF THE VKP (b) ON THE CREATION OF THE CITY CONSTRUCTION TRUST "FRUNZESTROY" Frunze, January 27, 1937 ... Heard: § 8. On the organization of the City Construction Trust.
Dmitry Andreyevich Temlyakov Born on February 21, 1924, in the village of Molochnaya Gora, Sasovsky district, Ryazan province (now the village no longer exists, territory of Kadomsky district) in a peasant family. He graduated from 9 grades. In 1937, the family moved to the "Santash" state farm in the Tyup district of the Issyk-Kul region (Kyrgyzstan), where Dmitry worked as a toolmaker until he was drafted into the army. On October 16, 1942, Temlyakov was drafted into military
A Short but Bright Path in Ballet of Jumakalyy Arsygulova The role of Laurensia is one of those that shines with a bright flame from within. It is foreign to the cold, firework-like glow. There is a palpable inner intensity of feelings—boiling passion and tender modesty, the nobility of soulful impulses and ordinary humanity. The image of Laurensia resonated with D. Arsygulova. She fell in love with her heroine, who reveals heartfelt attachment and loyalty, determination and will. At first,
“THE TALE OF ISSYK-KUL” The name of the greatest representative of the Zamanist movement in Kyrgyz literature of the 19th century, Kaligula Bai uulu (1785-1855), was ostracized until recently and classified among the ranks of reactionary poet-philosophers. In our time, his great-grandson Turdakun Usubaliev erected a monument and a dome in his honor in the village of Kara-Oy using his personal savings. He was a great akyn and a legend in his lifetime. The talent and wisdom bestowed upon him by
OPEN-AIR MUSEUM The land of Issyk-Kul is rich not only in legends and myths of the past. A vivid example of this is the open-air museum on the northern outskirts of Cholpon-Ata. The "exhibits" consist of about 900 stones with petroglyphs. The drawings mainly depict goats with spiral horns curled back. Some clearly show sacrificial animals and figures of camels led by caravan drivers. The scenes of hunting and games-competitions are interesting and diverse — there are horsemen in
Silver Crucian Carp -- Carassius auratus gibelio This species has been artificially bred in the water bodies of Kyrgyzstan and southern Kazakhstan. For instance, in Lake Issyk-Kul, the silver crucian carp was introduced in 1963 in a quantity of several specimens along with carp fry from the Frunze pond economy, where it had arrived with carp stocking material in 1954 from the Almaty pond economy. In the lakes of Biilikol and Akkol (Talas River basin), the silver crucian carp was relocated in
Sakas The ancient herders who inhabited Central Asia left no historical writings. The ancient Greeks wrote more about the Central Asian herders than anyone else. However, few of the ancient Greek authors actually visited such remote areas, so their information is not only sparse and fragmented but also contradictory and vague. Generations of scholars have analyzed this information, yet there remains no consensus on many questions regarding the history of the ancient herders of the Eurasian
Tamuy - a mud yurt in the yard on kыштоо (wintering) and buursun - a wooden plow. The village of Tengizbaev. Tyup district, Karakol county, Semirechye. 1924. Transition to Permanent Housing. In addition to yurts, the Kyrgyz also used other types of portable housing that had simpler constructions. These included saimа alachik or otoo - a conical tent covered with felt made of poles tied at the top; alachik (variants: yene, ak tiger, tegirtme, zholum uy), constructed from the rim of a yurt with
SANITARY AND DOMESTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FRUNZE Frunze, December 1936 The city of Frunze, along with its adjacent urban lands, occupies an area of 9313 square kilometers. Of this, residential land amounts to 2670 km2, with 387 hectares occupied by gardens, 94 hectares by nurseries, and 63 hectares by forests and shrubs.
Sidler David Mordkovich Full Knight of the Order of Glory, commander of the crew of a 45-mm gun of the 74th Guards Rifle Regiment (27th Guards Rifle Division, 8th Guards Army, 1st Belarusian Front), Guards Sergeant. Born in the city of Tulchyn, he lived in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, the city of Frunze (now Bishkek), since 1941, working as the head of supply and sales at a bread factory.
DZHUMAKALYY ARSYGULOVA This name of the first Kyrgyz professional ballerina stands at the origins of Kyrgyz ballet art. Her life and creative path were short. She debuted on the stage of the Kyrgyz Theater in Frunze in August 1941, and died in April 1947. At that time, the actress was 25 years old, and her talent was just beginning to blossom. However, the significance of D. Arsygulova in the history of Kyrgyz theater is not measured solely by the few years she dedicated to art. Her activity
Pilaf There is an ancient kyuu (melody) among the Kyrgyz called "Gray Trotting Horse of Shyrdakbek." Its performance on the komuz is usually accompanied by the telling of a legend: "Once, the Kyrgyz were ruled by Khan Shyrdakbek. He had a young beautiful wife named Kanym. Shyrdakbek-khan cherished and pampered her. He placed her on forty downy pillows and fed her pilaf made from the bone fat of forty black rams."
THE STATE OF MOGULISTAN Since the formation of the empire of Genghis Khan, his descendants—the Mongolian feudal non-military clans—split into two opposing groups. One of them (e.g., Chagatai, Guyuk, Barak) defended the nomadic way of life, Mongolian customs, and traditions. They supported a policy of plunder and violence against the settled population, the townspeople, turning cultural regions into pastures. The other group (e.g., Munke, Masudbek, Kebek) believed that predatory actions would
Carp Cyprinus carpio In the dorsal fin III—IV, scales in the lateral line 35—39. In the republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, the carp is widespread in the basin of the Aral Sea, the Sary-Su River, Chu, and Issyk-Kul. It has been artificially bred in the Balkhash basin and the Talas River basin. According to F. A. Turdakova, from 1885 to 1890, carp from the Chu River was brought to ponds near Almaty, from where it entered Balkhash through the Ili River in 1913. In 1909, carp was brought by
A New Surge of Anglo-Russian Rivalry in Central Asia was associated with the Russian conquest of Khiva, Bukhara, and Kokand during the reign of Alexander II. At that time, the process of incorporating Kyrgyz tribes into Russia began, and the question of the allegiance of the Kazakhs and Kyrgyz to the Qing Empire arose, as in the cases of Khiva and Kokand, leading to the issue of territorial demarcation. To this end, the Beijing Treaty was signed in 1860, which outlined the border between the
Ancient Bactrian Glyptics of the Bronze Age The symbolism and sign systems of the early medieval era represent a rich material and are actively researched by specialists. The analysis of artistic reliefs on ossuaries of the Biyanymen type is particularly indicative in this regard. The attributes of the depicted characters and a number of other specific features allow us to convincingly conclude that we are dealing with iconography related to the ufological layer of the Zoroastrian circle,
The Incorporation of Kyrgyz into Russia after the Uprising of the Population of Southern Kyrgyzstan During the rule of the Kokand Khanate, the akim of the city was the son of Alymbek, Jarkynban. After his death, his brother Abdyldabek became the akim. He was born in 1832, a year after the marriage of Alymbekhan and Kurmanjan datka; however, there are other facts suggesting that Abdyldabek was born not in 1832 but in 1835. When Alymbek ruled Andijan as well, he educated his son Abdyldabek in
Salad "Naryn" Naryn is a city in Kyrgyzstan. It is the administrative center of the Naryn region. The salad is named after the city. Salad "Naryn" is very tasty, hearty, and easy to prepare at home. Try making this salad, and you will like it. It uses vegetables, boiled dietary meat, and mayonnaise can be replaced with sour cream or a dressing made of equal parts of sour cream and mayonnaise can be used for the salad.
GAZAVAT In early spring of 1898, alarming rumors began to spread in many villages of Fergana. It was said that a holy man, marked by the seal of Allah, had appeared in some settlement. And that this man denounces and prophesies, calls and predicts. He denounces the decline of morals and prophesies the end of the world if morals are not corrected. He calls for the punishment of the guilty. He predicts universal prosperity if those who corrupt Muslims are expelled and destroyed. These rumors
RESOLUTION OF THE KIRGIZ REGIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE VKP (b) "ON THE FURTHER PATHS OF DEVELOPMENT OF KIRGOSTEAR" Frunze, December 7, 1936 I.
The Size of the Yurt and Its Furnishings The orientation of the entrance to the yurt, the space inside the yurt, and around it had significant meaning. Most groups of Kyrgyz oriented the entrance of the yurt to the east, later establishing it "depending on the conditions of the terrain" (Abramzon, 1991, p. 127). The living space in the yurt reflected the social structure and hierarchy of the nomadic society. It is divided into four parts: 1) ter — the place opposite the entrance to
Talas Naked Osman The coloration of the Talas naked osman is quite beautiful. It can be easily recognized by its small but well-defined dark brown spots located on its back, head, and fins. The scales, which are present only on the lateral line, stand out with a light stripe against the background of these spots. Spawning occurs during the day in shallow rapids, and the eggs are carried downstream by the current to deeper areas covered with pebbles and gravel. The eggs of the naked osman are
The Complex Picture of Coexistence and Interweaving of Various Ideological Systems The ideological block of ancient Central Asian civilizations is in close interaction (through a system of direct and reverse connections) with the historical, cultural, and socio-political processes occurring in society. I have expressed the opinion that the widespread adoption of Buddhism in Bactria is linked to the establishment of urban lifestyles as a standard of the era (Masson, 1974). Buddhist ideology,
Abdurashid Parpiev Participant of the Great Patriotic War, full cavalier of the Order of Glory, chairman of the Kalinin collective farm in the Karasuu district, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Kyrgyz SSR for two convocations. Born on January 14, 1914, in the village of Shark, Karasuu district, Osh region of Kyrgyzstan, in a peasant family. Of Uzbek nationality. Received a secondary education. Worked as the chief accountant at the Molotov collective farm in the Osh district.
Chuchuk. A highly nutritious meat dish. It is usually prepared for large celebrations, weddings, and during the autumn slaughter of livestock. For chuchuk, you need kazy, kabyrga, intestines, salt, red and black pepper, onion, garlic, cumin, and bay leaf. Chuchuk should be boiled carefully, at a low simmer, over a slow fire.
The Heritage of Kyrgyz Theater The success of the performance "Romeo and Juliet" is quite justified: it was the result of many years of searching. For the contemporary level of our theater, both a deep penetration into the dramaturgy of ballet and technical perfection of dance are characteristic. In recent years, performances have been staged on its stage that seem to consolidate the mastery of technique and the diversity of classical dance in Kyrgyz theater. This is exemplified by
Osh in the Book "Baburnama" In ancient times, the territory of Osh and the areas to its south were inhabited by the Saka tribal clan of herders known as "Ush," which is also associated with the name of the city Osh. This is mentioned in Chinese sources and in the work of Sultan Babur, the famous Uzbek poet and historian, who left behind the fascinating book "Baburnama." Composed of three parts — Fergana, Kabul, Hindustan — "Baburnama" records events from
LETTER FROM THE KIRGHIZ REGIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE VKP (b) AND THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE KIRGHIZ ASSR TO THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE VKP (b) COMRADE STALIN I.V. AND THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE USSR COMRADE MOLOTOV V.M. REQUESTING ADDITIONAL INVESTMENTS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE CITY OF FRUNZE City of Frunze, November 21, 1936. The city of Frunze, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, still remains an extremely poorly