Scientists of Kyrgyzstan

Valery Yakovlevich Vakulenko (1945)

Vakulenko Valeriy Yakovlevich (1945), Doctor of Philological Sciences (1992), Professor (1993). Russian. Graduated from Leningrad State University (Leningrad, 1971). Worked as an editor at the publishing house "Kyrgyzstan," senior editor in the Fiction Literature department, head of the literature and art department at the newspaper "Soviet Kyrgyzstan," responsible secretary, head of the literary criticism department at the magazine "Literary Kyrgyzstan," and

18.04.2015, 09:00

Scientists of Kyrgyzstan

Bykovchenko Yuri Grigoryevich (1938)

Bykovchenko Yuri Grigorevich (1938), Doctor of Biological Sciences (1991), Professor (2001). Russian. Graduated from KSHI (1960). Worked as a livestock specialist at the Kalinin fattening state farm, livestock specialist, research associate, head of the sector, head of the laboratory, and since 1996 - Director of the Biotechnology Center of KyrgyzNIIZH.

18.04.2015, 08:58

Scientists of Kyrgyzstan

Bykov Yakov Vasilievich (1913-1988)

Yakov Vasilievich Bykov (1913-1988), Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1960), Professor (1962), Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR (1960). Chuvash. Graduated from Kazan University (1938). Worked as head of the department, vice-rector for science at KGU, head of the department at the Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR, head of the department at the Krasnodar Polytechnic Institute, head of the department

18.04.2015, 08:55

Scientists of Kyrgyzstan

Beishenkulov Medet Tashtanovich (1962)

Beyshenkulov Medet Tashtanovich (1962), Doctor of Medical Sciences (2002), Laureate of the State Prize of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of science and technology (2002). Kyrgyz. Born in Frunze. Graduated from KGMI (1988), postgraduate studies at KNIIK M3 KR (1992).

18.04.2015, 08:53

Scientists of Kyrgyzstan

Bushman Vitaly Vladimirovich (1929-1991)

Bushman Vitaly Vladimirovich (1929-1991), Doctor of Economic Sciences (1989).

18.04.2015, 08:47

Lakes

Lake Kapka-Tash

Lake Kapka-Tash (local residents call it Kol-bashi, which translates to "Source, beginning (head) of the lake"). Indeed, a river flows out of this lake, feeding into the next large lake and filling it.

18.04.2015, 08:32

Lakes

Lake Kara-Suu

Lake Kara-Suu is located in the Toktogul district. It is a dam-type lake, and its level depends on the time of year. Lake Kara-Suu is situated in the area of the Taktalyk ridge, at an altitude of about 2000 m above sea level. The dimensions of the lake are 6.5 by 2 km, with an average depth of about 90 m. The shores of Kara-Suu are home to Tien Shan spruce, barberry, rowan, and other plants. The enchanting azure hue of the lake changes depending on the time of day, and one can gaze at it

18.04.2015, 08:28

Lakes / Mountain passes

Lake Alakol and Alakol Pass

Geographical Reference: Ala-Kul (Ala-Kyol, Alakul, Alaköl) is a closed lake in the Terkey-Alatau region, in the Central Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan. It means "Mottled Lake" in Kyrgyz. It is located in the upper reaches of the Kurgaktor River, a right tributary of Karakol, at an altitude of 3532 meters. It has a glacial origin: the glacier, after retreating, still occupies the upper part of the valley. There are no islands in the lake.

18.04.2015, 08:08

Lakes

Lake Merzbacher

Before your eyes stretches the unrestrained blue of the water, which sharply contrasts with the gray-brown rocks, the whiteness of the snow on the peaks, and the boundless blue of the sky. This could be said about many glacial lakes. But Lake Merzbacher is remarkable not only for its beauty — it literally represents a world of icebergs. Here and there rise the whimsical outlines of towers, castles, ice mountains, and ice islands of various shapes. Some floating icebergs reach the height of a

18.04.2015, 08:01

Lakes

Lake Son-Kul

Geographical Information: Song-Kul (possible variants of Russian spelling: СОНКЁЛЬ, Сонг-Кёль, Сон-Куль) is a large high-altitude lake, nestled in a basin between the internal ridges of the Tien Shan, located between the ranges of Song-Kul-Tau and Moldota-Tau, at an altitude of 3,016 meters above sea level in the northwestern part of the Naryn region (Kyrgyzstan). It is a potential site for ecological tourism. Surrounding the lake are pristine pastures and a protected area. The nearest major

15.04.2015, 13:46

Lakes

Lake Sary-Chelek

Geographical Information: An astonishingly beautiful corner of nature in southern Kyrgyzstan at an altitude of 1940 meters above sea level. The lake is located in the area of relict walnut-fruit forests and is part of the natural complex of biosphere resorts.

15.04.2015, 13:35

Agriculture

Agriculture of the Southern Kyrgyz in the 19th - Early 20th Centuries.

The second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century were filled with significant historical events. The Kyrgyz population repeatedly rose against the oppression of the Kokand Khanate. After its fall, the territory of Southern Kyrgyzstan became part of Russia (1876). Gradually, patriarchal-feudal relations began to break down, and the seeds of capitalism emerged. Trade intensified, and industrial enterprises appeared, particularly coal mines. Cotton cultivation began to

15.04.2015, 13:15

Ethnography

Ethnic History of the Southern Kyrgyz Tribes

The territory of the Osh region occupies the southwestern part of Kyrgyzstan. Its area is 75.5 thousand km², of which 46 thousand km² is in its southern part.

15.04.2015, 12:27

Ethnography

Ethnographic Descriptions of the Material Culture of the Kyrgyz

Among the sources utilized to address the issue of the ethnogenesis of a particular people, to identify its national traditions and characteristics, ethnographic descriptions of material culture and folk applied arts hold an important place. In turn, a comprehensive description of these aspects of folk life requires a thorough study of domestic crafts and trades as part of material production, which in the past satisfied the everyday needs and aesthetic demands of the population. The task of a

15.04.2015, 11:59

Tourism industry

A Brief History of Tourism in the Kyrgyz SSR

Despite the fact that tourism began to develop from the very beginning of the existence of the USSR, tourism, being a non-industrial sector of the economy, was not a priority direction at the initial stage of planning the Soviet national economy. Only after the end of World War II, with the onset of the Khrushchev era, did foreign tourism begin to develop "as a source of hard currency, as a means of demonstrating the successes of the Soviet economy, and as a marketing tool for the Soviet

15.04.2015, 09:03

Mineral waters

Therapeutic Use of Mineral Waters

No matter how interesting the composition and properties of water manifestations may be, it is clear that it is not these properties themselves that interest the curious reader, but rather how they will affect, first and foremost, those who will use a particular water.

14.04.2015, 17:33

Mineral waters

Mineral Waters Without "Specific" Components

Waters without 'specific' components are distinguished only from a balneological point of view as waters that do not contain any of the components considered for therapeutic purposes in conditioning quantities, except for the total salt content, for which the lower limit of concentration is set at 2 g/l.

14.04.2015, 17:18

Mineral waters

Iodobromine waters

Among thermomineral waters, waters of this type occupy a special place; as a rule, being therapeutic, they are most widely used in industry from underground waters. It is from these waters that we obtain all industrial bromine and about 3/4 of iodine. Iodobromine waters are used for treatment both externally and internally; in the latter case, their mineralization should not exceed 10-15 g/l, and if dilution with fresh water is needed, the concentration of bromine when diluted should not fall

14.04.2015, 17:08

Mineral waters

Mineral Waters of Kyrgyzstan

Medicinal iron mineral waters are those that contain at least 20 mg/l of dissolved iron. There are not many such waters in our country, but it was precisely at the iron-rich Marcial waters (located 50 km from Petrozavodsk) that the first resort in Russia was established in 1719 by a decree of Peter I. They are named Marcial in honor of Mars, the ancient Roman god of war, as it was believed at that time that consuming iron mineral water made a person strong.

14.04.2015, 17:04

Mineral waters

Rishtan and Kyzyl-Dzharskoye Deposits

Rishtan Deposit is located 15 km south of the city of Rishtan in Uzbekistan and 20 km east of the river Sokh. The mineral springs are associated with the limestones of the Alai and Turkestan strata, which lie in the core of the local anticlinal fold. The water has a mineralization of 3-6 g/l, a chloride-sulfate calcium-sodium composition, and contains 50-110 mg/l of total hydrogen sulfide. The flow rate of the Rishtan springs exceeds 4 l/s, which is sufficient to provide water for a medical

14.04.2015, 16:49

Mineral waters

Sulfide Waters

While the identification of most mineral waters requires various water analyses, and radon waters even need a specially designed device — an emanometer, the presence of hydrogen sulfide waters can be recognized by the characteristic smell of this gas from a considerable distance from the spring or the flowing sulfide water from a well. Hydrogen sulfide waters are among the most valuable in balneology — they are what gives the fame to Greater Sochi as a world health resort, having been

14.04.2015, 16:46

Mineral waters

Radon Waters of Kyrgyzstan

Of all the gases found on Earth, radon is the rarest and most expensive, although it is difficult to take a sample of soil air or groundwater in which it is not detected, even in small amounts. Radon is a gas, a product of the radioactive decay of radium, with a half-life of 3.86 days, meaning it cannot accumulate since it decays relatively quickly. This feature has earned it the status of the most dangerous among radioactive poisons.

14.04.2015, 15:17

Mineral waters

On the Origin of Thermal Waters

The origin of thermal waters is a topic of debate among specialists, no less than that of carbonic waters. At the same time, we will set aside cases like Yangang-Tau and, probably, Tashkumyr — here we have burning material, heat being released, and strict contours of the oxidation zone (after all, combustion is a relatively rapid oxidation) in a confined space, although even here, to be honest, there is no complete consensus among professionals. For the explanation of most other cases of

14.04.2015, 15:09

Mineral waters

Tashkumyr Thermal Springs

Tashkumyr Thermal Springs are located on the eastern outskirts of the city of Tashkumyr, on the cliff of the right bank of the Naryn River at the latitude of the "Severny" mine, a few meters above the river at an absolute elevation of just over 600 m. Here, for a hundred meters, one can observe about half a dozen jets of warm and hot water (in June 1978, geologist S. G. Shulgin recorded a temperature of 45°C in one of the springs). Its composition is consistently sodium sulfate with

14.04.2015, 14:58

Mineral waters

Sary-Jaz Springs

Sary-Jaz Springs are located 3.5 km south of the village of Sary-Jaz at the foot of a nearly hundred-meter cliff on the left bank of the river of the same name at an absolute height of about 2400 m.

14.04.2015, 14:53

Mineral waters

Pchansky Spring

Pchansky Spring is well known to the residents of the western part of the Ak-Tal district and geologists in Kyrgyzstan. Its fame among the local population is due to the elevated water temperature (20°C) and high flow rate (about 15 l/s), as well as the memorable dome-shaped orifice with a diameter of 0.5 m; for geologists, it is notable as the only spring with anomalous temperature and water composition from the largest Talas-Fergana fault in the region, which defines the geological boundary

14.04.2015, 14:48

Mineral waters

Kokomerensky Baths

Kokomerensky Thermal Springs are located 14 km upstream from the confluence of the Kokomerena River with the Jumgal River, on the right bank at the base of the embankment of the road that runs here, which has incidentally shifted the location of the springs' emergence; the absolute elevation of the springs is close to 1650 m.

14.04.2015, 14:43

Mineral waters

Airtash Warm Waters

Airtash Warm Waters were brought to the surface by wells drilled by the Makmal Geological Exploration Party in 1974 for purposes far removed from the search for underground water.

14.04.2015, 14:35

Mammals

Mammals of the Red Book of Kyrgyzstan

The Red Book of the Kyrgyz SSR, published in 1985, included 13 species of mammals. The descriptions of the species, classification, and especially the information on their status were quite general. Over the years, the information, especially regarding bats, has significantly expanded. Information on the strategy for the conservation of mammals at the international level is easily accessible through modern information and communication technologies. Therefore, the publication of new data on

11.04.2015, 16:10

Birds

Birds of the Red Book of Kyrgyzstan

More than twenty years have passed since the publication of the last edition of the Red Book of the Kyrgyz SSR. It included 20 species from 16 genera of the class Aves. Even then, scientists from our country referred to international experience in nature conservation through the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources – IUCN. However, this did not go beyond references to this experience in the preface. At the same time, any wildlife conservation strategy,

11.04.2015, 15:47

Amphibians and reptiles

Amphibians and Reptiles

The herpetofauna of Kyrgyzstan is generally impoverished, which is explained by the physical and climatic features of the territory, a significant part of which is occupied by high mountains with a harsh climate, and the lifestyle of amphibians and reptiles, which are the most thermophilic animals among vertebrate classes. Thus, there are nearly 5000 species of amphibians known worldwide, while only four species are found in the republic, one of which (the lake frog, a "complex"

11.04.2015, 15:33

Fish

Fish

Anthropogenic factors – the introduction of alien species, pollution of water bodies, irrigation activities, poaching – have led to a sharp decline in the populations of many indigenous fish species. Some of them have virtually ceased to appear in catches over the past 10 years and have been recommended for inclusion in the Red Book of Kyrgyzstan. Some species, whose numbers have significantly decreased, require specific measures for their protection and population recovery. These include the

11.04.2015, 14:38

Arthropods

Arthropods of the Red Book of Kyrgyzstan

The special geographical position of Kyrgyzstan in the depths of the Eurasian continent, at the junction of the Afghan-Turkestan and Dzhungar-Tian Shan biogeographical provinces, as well as its fragmented relief, determine the unique biological diversity of the arthropod fauna. According to some estimates, the arthropod fauna of Kyrgyzstan comprises 30,000 species. It is still not well studied, and new representatives of arthropods are discovered annually in various regions of the Republic,

11.04.2015, 10:37

Mineral waters

Thermal Springs of Chon-Kyzylsuu

Thermal Springs of Chon-Kyzylsuu are located 20 km southeast of the village of Pokrovka in the southeastern part of the Issyk-Kul region at an absolute altitude of 2400 m on the right bank of the Chon-Kyzylsuu River, below the confluence with its right tributary, the Jilisu stream.

10.04.2015, 16:48

Mineral waters

Thermal Waters of Ugut

Thermal waters of Ugut are located on the left bank of the Naryn River, 110 km west of the city of Naryn, 3.5 km downstream from the confluence of the Ala-Buga River at an absolute elevation of 1500 m.

10.04.2015, 16:37

Mineral waters

Gulchinsky Spring

Gulchinsky Spring is located 5 km southwest of the village of Gulcha on the left bank of the valley of the Jilisu stream at an absolute elevation of about 1900 m. The water is of the sulfate-bicarbonate magnesium-sodium-calcium type with a mineralization of just under 0.5 g/l, which is not unique and does not hold great value. The spring's discharge is close to 1.5 l/s — there are thousands of springs with such discharge in Kyrgyzstan. Finally, the water of Gulchinsky Spring contains just

10.04.2015, 16:30

Mineral waters

The title translates to "The Altyn-Arashan Spring."

Altyn-Arashan Spring is located 22 km southeast of the city of Karakol in the valley of the Arashan River. In this area, several groups of springs with anomalously high water temperatures are known, but only the middle group, located on the right bank of the Arashan River 200 m below the mouth of its right tributary, the Anarty River, at absolute elevations just over 2400 m, is used more or less regularly. A local balneotherapy center has been organized here, utilizing two small bathing pools

10.04.2015, 16:21

Mineral waters

Alamedin Deposit

The Alamedin Deposit is located 28 km south of Bishkek city in the middle reaches of the Alamedin River at absolute elevations slightly below 1800 m. Like many other thermal water springs, it has been known for a long time and was used by the ancient population of the Chui Valley, as evidenced by archaeological finds in its vicinity.

10.04.2015, 16:12

Mineral waters

Issyk-Ata Deposit

Issyk-Ata Deposit is located 78 km southeast of Bishkek in the middle part of the picturesque valley of the same name river at absolute elevations of about 1750-1800 m. Good roads lead from Tokmak and Kant through the village of Yurievka to the Issyk-Ata resort, providing all-weather and year-round access for the settlements of the Chui Valley to this resort.

10.04.2015, 15:07

Mineral waters

Dzhergalanskoe Thermal Water Deposit

Dzhergalan Thermal Water Deposit was discovered accidentally during the drilling of a parametric well by the "Kyrgyzneft" management in the early 1960s in the valley of the Dzhergalan River, 200 meters upstream from the bridge over it on the Tyup-Karakol highway. The absolute elevation of the area here is 1630 m, which is about twenty meters higher than the level of Lake Issyk-Kul.

08.04.2015, 16:47

Mineral waters

Jalal-Abad Deposit

Jalal-Abad Deposit is located on the left bank of the Kugar River valley on the southeastern outskirts of the city of Jalal-Abad, the second largest industrial and cultural center in the south of the republic. The mineral springs of Hazret-Ayub-Paygambara (the name of the village that existed before the war on the slope to the north of the modern resort) have been known to the local population for a long time, in times that can be called archaeological, as their traces are usually established

08.04.2015, 16:07

Mineral waters

Aksu Field (Teploklyuchenka)

The Aksu Deposit is located in Eastern Prissykul, 15 km southeast of the town of Krakal, in the river mouth area of the Ak-Suu River — a right tributary of the Arashan River, at absolute elevations of about 1750 m. The first descriptions of the deposit were made in the mid-20th century by the famous geographer P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, although local residents were undoubtedly aware of it long before that.

08.04.2015, 15:43

Kyrgyz cuisine

Mare's Milk and Kumis

Kyrgyz people have been preparing kumys and highly valuing its nutritional and healing properties since ancient times.

07.04.2015, 17:50

Fungi and higher plants

Mushrooms

In Kyrgyzstan, approximately 2100 species of mushrooms are currently known. They are conditionally divided into micromycetes and macromycetes. Macromycetes are a group of higher fungi that have large fruiting bodies of various shapes, represented by 286 species.

07.04.2015, 09:05

Red Book

Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic

As sad as it is to realize, our time has become a period in Earth's history marked by the most drastic changes (almost to the point of destruction) that humanity has inflicted on the natural environment. Currently, as a result of anthropogenic impact, thousands of species of plants and animals may disappear from the planet. This process must be halted because further reduction of biodiversity could lead to destabilization of ecosystems.

07.04.2015, 08:34

Mineral waters

On the Origin of Carbonated Waters of Kyrgyzstan

The question of the origin of carbonated waters is one of the most controversial in hydrogeology and is pivotal in the problem of mineral water formation.

06.04.2015, 18:50

Mineral waters

Carbonated Water in the Chayek Well

Carbonated water in the Chaek well. For now, this is the only well of its kind in the republic that has revealed water with increased CO2 content in a place where there were no serious grounds for such an expectation.

27.03.2015, 03:23

Mineral waters

Mineral Springs of Shilbeli

Mineral Springs of Shilbeli contain the least mineralized naturally carbonated water in Kyrgyzstan. They are located in the basin of the Karakuldja River, 80 km directly east of the city of Uzgen, on the right bank of the Shilbeli stream valley, which is a left tributary of the middle course of the Surtaš River. The absolute elevation of the area where the Shilbeli springs are located is close to 3200 m. There are two groups of springs at a distance of 350 m from each other; in terms of carbon

27.03.2015, 03:13