Architects of Kyrgyzstan
TOVKEEV Kalibek Duyshenalievich
TOVKEEV Kalibek Duyshenalievich
06.11.2014, 15:02
TOVKEEV Kalibek Duyshenalievich
TISHKOVA Nadezhda Mikhailovna
The creativity of the akyns has been studied since the early years of the establishment of national philology and musicology. For the first time, works of specific akyn genres were recorded by A. Zataevich. His first folklore collection (250 Kyrgyz instrumental pieces and melodies. — Moscow, 1934) contained three musical examples, two of which (No. 120 and 121) were recorded from T. Satylganov. In the second collection, prepared in 1936 but not published during the scholar's lifetime,
SYDYKBEKOV Sabyrbek Tugelbaevich
SULTANALIEV Ashirbek Altymshevich
SULAYMANOV Sherali Toktosunovich
SUDARENKOV Mikhail Ivanovich
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STEBLYANKO Vladimir Ivanovich
SOLTOBAEV Asylbek Moldoshevich
Sogonov Alexander Vasilyevich
Based on their talent and mastery, akyins are divided into two main categories. The first category includes major improvisational akyins (tekme chots akyn, zalkar akyn). The second category consists of akyins whose improvisational skills are not as developed; they prepare their performances in advance (zhattama mayda akyn, jamakchy akyn). There is also an intermediate level: akyins occupying this level are referred to as "orto," meaning "medium." With focused and systematic
Tuutanbay Abdiev (born 1937) — akyn-improviser, People's Artist of the Republic (1993), member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1990). He was born in the village of Ichke-Sai, now in the Uchterek District of the Jalal-Abad Region, in a peasant family. His first singing lessons were given to him by local akyns Sarykunan and Kadyrkul.
Zamirbek Usenbaev (born 1951) — improvisational poet, People's Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR (1968), member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1990). He was born in Frunze. Zamirbek's father is the famous poet Alymkul Usenbaev, and his mother is a talented folk singer. Zamirbek began performing as a poet at the age of 16. His first independent works are the solo greeting "Salamdasuu Termesi" and a poetic duel with Toktosun Tynibekov.
Estebes Tursunaliev (born 1931) — akyn-improviser, People's Artist of the USSR (1988), People's Akyn of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan (1995), laureate of the Toktogul State Prize, member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1967). He was born in the village of Kara-Archa, now in the Manas district of the Talas region, in a peasant family. Estebes Tursunaliev's father was a good komuz player, and his mother was a кошокчу and жомокчу (lamenter and storyteller). Even as a fifth-grade
Ashyraaly Aytaliev (born 1927) is one of the contemporary professional akyns-improvisers, a People's Artist of Kyrgyzstan (1995), and a member of the Union of Writers of the Kyrgyz Republic. He was born in the village of Jediger in the Kant district of Chui region. His childhood was spent in difficult conditions during the pre-war and wartime periods. He showed an interest in singing while still a schoolboy. Aytaliev's first steps in creativity were associated with lyrical songs that
Toktosun Tynybekov (1927—1982) — an improvisational poet, kyakist, komuz player, honored artist of the Kyrgyz SSR (1960), member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1953). He was born in the village of Tegene in the Jany-Jol district of the Jalal-Abad region. After finishing school, he studied at the Karaganda factory and plant vocational school. His acquaintance with Korgool Dosuiev was a turning point in his life. During a joint trip across the republic, Dosuiev shared the secrets of his
Ysmayil Boronchiev (1910—1978) — an improvisational poet, People's Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR (1958), member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1938). He was born in the village of Alchaluu, now in the Chui region, into a poor family. His songwriting began in 1929, and his first songs were dedicated to social themes: "The First Five-Year Plan" ("Birinchi беш жылдык"), "Good Collective Farm" ("Жакшы колхоз"), "Kyrgyzstan,"
Toktonaaly Shabdanbaev (1896—1978) — a poet-improviser, People's Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR (1958), member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1958). He was born in the village of Jaiylma, now in the Kant district of Chui region, into a peasant family. He began singing and playing the komuz in the 1920s. In 1936, he participated in the first All-Kyrgyz Olympiad of Folk Musical Creativity, after which the akyn was accepted as a soloist in the Kyrgyz State Philharmonic, where he worked for
Alymkul Usenbaev (1894—1963) — an improvisational poet, komuz player, People's Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR (1939), member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1938). He was born in the village of Kara-Archa in the Talas region into a poor family. At the age of 12, he became an orphan. By the age of 14, he began to sing and play the komuz, and within about ten years, he was well-known throughout Talas. Toktogul Satylganov highly valued his talent and played a crucial role in his development
Korgool Dosuev (1890—1962) — aakyn-improviser, one of the most talented students of Toktogul. He was born in the Jany-Jol district (now Toktogul district).
Osmonkul Bolebalaev (1888—1967) — improvisational poet, People's Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR (1942), member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1940).
Barpy Alykulov (1884—1949) — an improvisational poet, singer, thinker, and classic of the folk song and poetic culture, a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1947). He was born in the village of Achi in the Suzak district of the Jalal-Abad region (now the same-named area). His father, Alykul, was well-versed in folk creativity.
Kalyk Akiev (1883—1953) — a poet-improviser, komuz player, People's Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR (1939), member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1938). He was born in the village of Kulzhagach in the Jumgal district of the Tian Shan volost (now Naryn region). His father, Akı, was engaged in hunting and craftsmanship. Kalyk became interested in singing at an early age and was already known in the area as a poet by the age of 18.
The akyn-improviser, komuz player, and one of the best students of Toktogul, Eshmambet Bayseitov (1867—1926) was born in the village of Kyk-Kazyk, now in the Talas region. Later, poverty forced his family to move to the Ketmen-Tyubinsky district, to the relatives of his mother. He began singing at the age of 15.
The greatest representative of the akyn art of the first half of the 20th century was Toktogul Satylganov (1864—1933), who raised a whole generation of professional akyns and created his own school.
Zhenizhok Kokoев (real name Oto, 1860 — 1918) — an outstanding akyn of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, whose legacy has only begun to be seriously studied in recent years. He was born in the Sary-Kobon area, now part of the Manas district in the Talas region, to a poor family. After losing his parents at an early age, Zhenizhok was forced to leave his homeland and move to the village of Kara-Suu in the Aksy district of the Jalal-Abad region. As a teenager, he sang famous dastans such
The great akyn-thinker of the past century Arstanbek Buylashov (1840 — 1882) — akyn, komuz player, a bright representative of the artistic movement "zaman" (literally, "time, era"). He was born in the mountainous region of Syrt, now in the Jety-Oguz district of the Issyk-Kul region, to the younger wife of the bey Buylash. From childhood, he showed musical abilities, learning songs and tales from adults.
Identifying the ethnic specificity of etiquette is a rather complex task, for which a large number of source materials have been collected and analyzed. The results of this research allow us to assert that Kyrgyz etiquette represents a set of universal rules of communication and norms of behavior that have arisen based on universal moral and ethical needs, and that correspond to notions of morality and humanism. The main findings of the research are reflected in the following conclusions: 1.
Understanding the culture of a people is impossible without knowledge of the behavioral rules accepted in society. The term "ethno-etiquette" encompasses a complex of concepts related to a variety of ideological and cultural-historical factors and phenomena. As noted earlier, the study of the peculiarities of Kyrgyz etiquette utilized information from various sources: ethnographic, linguistic, folkloric, and literary. Valuable materials for this research included the Quran, the epic
SEKALIEV Zhanibek Musakulovich
Dialogical Akyn Genres — a professional artistic form of song and poetic competitions with the general name kayym, widely spread among the people. The youth song genres "kız-jigit," "akıynek," and friendly song and poetic tournaments "sarmerden," among others, are built on the type of competitive dialogue.
In solo genres, the akyn sings or recites their own or borrowed text, accompanying themselves on the komuz or kyl kyak. In these genres, akyns of various levels and styles perform, and it serves as a specific school for novice akyns to refine their performance style. Furthermore, solo genres of akyn creativity allow the author to concentrate the listeners' attention on what personally concerns them, showcasing their creative individuality.
Akyn Creativity is a unique layer of Kyrgyz song tradition. Its significance is determined by the diverse functions performed by the carriers of this remarkable form of folk artistic creativity within national culture. The activities of akyns are the best indicator of a careful attitude toward cultural heritage. This is a living and timeless art that contains a powerful intellectual force.
The fates of the two branches of epic folklore studies are different: while the study of Manas began in the last century, the study of the small epic started much later.
