The Territory of the Kyrgyz from Ancient Times to the 6th Century
The Saka tribes were divided into three parts. In the southern regions of Kyrgyzstan lived the Saka-Haumavarga — the Sakas who "worship Hauma" (a sacred plant), in its northern regions — Saka-Tigrahauda — the Sakas who wore pointed hats. The Saka Tiya-Tiya-Daraya (riverine Sakas) lived in the basin of the Jaxartes River (Syr Darya) on the territory of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.
Initially, the Usuns roamed neighboring the Huns and Yuezhi — in the territories west of the Great Wall of China. Part of them, in 160 BC, having subdued the Sakas and Yuezhi, migrated to new lands in the regions of Tien Shan (Tian Shan) and Semirechye. The Usun state, like the state of the Sakas, was divided into three parts. The northern part, or right wing, covered the territories from Issyk-Kul to Balhash. The southern part, or left wing, extended from the Tien Shan mountains, Alay to Karategin. The central part, or red wing, with its center in the city of Chigu-chan (in the territory of the Tyup district of the Issyk-Kul region of modern Kyrgyzstan) encompassed the eastern part of the Chui Valley and the entire Issyk-Kul basin.
The State of Davan was located in the foothills of the eastern part of the Fergana Valley, which is part of modern Kyrgyzstan. In translation from ancient Turkic, the words "Fergana" and "Daban" meant "very beautiful, picturesque place".
The capital was the city of Ershi (Arawan district of Osh region). Historical sources mention the cities of Davan: Yu, which is localized as the modern city of Uzgen in the Osh region, Us — modern Osh, which was considered the second capital of the state of Davan, Gui-Shuan — modern Kasan on the border of the Alabukinsky district of Kyrgyzstan with Uzbekistan.
Starting from the 6th-5th centuries BC, the Huns inhabited the territories northwest of the states located in the valley of the Chinese Yellow River. To the northwest of the Huns' possessions lived the ancestors of the ancient Kyrgyz and related Turkic tribes. Some scholars consider the area of Lake Kyrgyz-Nor in Western Mongolia to be the location of the ancient state formation of the Kyrgyz. However, based on new scientific data, researchers concluded that the ancestral home of the Kyrgyz at the end of the first millennium BC was the region of Eastern Tien Shan — territories north of the cities of Manas, Kara-Shaar in modern Eastern Turkestan, as well as north of the Borohoro mountain range, that is, the region on the border with the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan.
