Insects of Kyrgyzstan

Acalypha - Chaara Acalypha

Ascalaphus varius - Libelloides macaronius Scop. It is commonly referred to as "club-tailed." Ascalaphids are large insects resembling butterflies. The body length is 25-30 mm, and the wingspan is 35-40 mm. Their antennae have a club at the tip and are slightly longer than the body. The wings are yellow, transparent at the tips, with dark spots. It combines morphological features of a butterfly, dragonfly, and beetle: its head has club-shaped antennae like those of day-flying

10.07.2022, 14:10

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

The Masses of Semirechye for a Peaceful Evolutionary Path of Development

On November 12, 1917, elections in Semirechye for the Constituent Assembly were disrupted by armed soldiers. In the voting for this body, the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) gathered over 50% of the votes nationwide, while the Bolsheviks received only 25%. The masses voted against left radicalism, for a peaceful evolutionary path of development.

10.07.2022, 13:50

Kara-Balta - Black Ax

"Karabalta Bread Factory JSC", "Karabalta-Sit LLC" and "Dos-Alko LLC"

JSC "Kara-Balta Bread Factory" The production of bread in the settlement of Kara-Balta began with the establishment of the sugar factory. The first workshop with a capacity of 2.5 tons per day opened in the same year as the sugar factory. The volumes of the leading production in the city increased, and the bakery expanded. The bread production was strengthened under the leadership of Boris Khusanovich Khusanov, and in subsequent years, Lyudmila Vasilyevna Oleinikova.

27.06.2022, 21:19

Ethnography

Management System in Various Kyrgyz Tribes

In higher hierarchical clan-tribal communities, blood relations, economic, and territorial ties weakened. In the tribe, political interests played a primary role, and the tribal organization regulated the system of military and power relations. Conflicts and armed confrontations occurred between tribes, as well as raids aimed at cattle theft. However, when a serious threat arose to the entire people, the scattered tribes could concentrate their joint efforts to repel the enemy. A unifying

20.06.2022, 22:58

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

Opening of the Polytechnic Institute in the city of Frunze. Document No. 195 (August 1954)

FROM THE DECREE OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE USSR "ON THE OPENING OF A POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE IN THE CITY OF FRUNZE" Moscow August 24, 1954 1. To accept the proposal of the Ministry of Higher Education and the Council of Ministers of the Kyrgyz SSR: a) to organize in the city of Frunze a Polytechnic Institute of the Ministry of Higher Education based on the technical faculty of the Kyrgyz State University with an enrollment of 200 students in 1954 and the start of classes on

16.06.2022, 19:15

Women of Kyrgyzstan / Actors of Kyrgyzstan

People's Artist of the USSR Bakken Kydykeeva

Born on October 20, 1923 (according to other sources — September 20, 1920) in the village of Tokoldosh in the Voroshilov district (now Alamedin) of the Frunze region (now Bishkek), in a teacher's family. She graduated from seven grades of school and began her stage career at the Kyrgyz Theater for Young Spectators in 1936 (Frunze), (now this theater bears her name). From 1941 to 1944, she was an actress at the Przhevalsky and Naryn regional theaters, and from 1944 she was an actress at

16.06.2022, 19:05

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Reflections on the Arrest of Tokchoro Joldoshev

Behind the dry lines of archival documents stands another tragically interrupted life. Let's imagine how it was. Tokchoro Joldoshev — the People's Commissar for Education of the Kirghiz ASSR — sat at his desk and could not understand the meaning of the phrase he had just read. The white sheet with a red stamp at the bottom seemed to him like a huge piece of mountain ice, growing at the edge of an abyss, hiding beneath its transparent purity an unfathomable chasm. His hands seemed to

14.06.2022, 09:27

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Everything for the Front: Oil and Coal Extraction in Kyrgyzstan

The war exacerbated the situation regarding the supply of oil to the country's industry and transport. In Kyrgyzstan, large-scale oil production began only in 1937. On the eve of the war, it produced 23.8 thousand tons of oil per year, ranking seventh after the RSFSR, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. With the advance of German-fascist troops to the Volga and the foothills of the Caucasus, oil production in Baku sharply decreased, and in the Grozny and Maykop

10.06.2022, 20:56

"Semetey" in prose

Semetey. The Escape of the Forty Crows to China.

Among the forty choro, there were both smart and foolish, brave and cowardly. One day, gathering together, they began to discuss among themselves: - In the times of Manas, we defeated our enemies, but the glory went to Manas. Manas was no braver than us, yet we were his warriors and obeyed him. Should we now submit to his son?

10.06.2022, 20:37

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of the Generous Boy

Once upon a time, there lived a khan. One day he decided to test his viziers: — My viziers, — said the khan, — answer me, who is more generous: the one who has a lot of livestock, or the poor peasant? — Only a rich man with fat herds, — replied the viziers, — can be generous; what can you take from a beggar?

09.06.2022, 13:06

Shabdan Baatyr

Letter of Thanks from G.A. Kolpakovsky to Shabdan Djantaev

LETTER FROM THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHEN REGION G.A. KOLPAKOVSKY TO SHABDAN DJANTAEV WITH GRATITUDE FOR THE DONATION TO THE VERNY CHILDREN'S ORPHANAGE AND NOTIFICATION OF HIS RIGHT TO THE TITLE OF MEMBER-BENEFACTOR OF THE VERNY ORPHANAGE COMMITTEE City of Verny, March 31, 1881

09.06.2022, 12:53

Kurmanjan Datka

Ambitions and the Finale of Pulat Khan - the "Alai Prince"

Who was this impostor, hiding behind what seemed to be a noble cause under the name of the heir to the Kokand throne? It is known that moldo Iskhak Hasan-ulu, which was the real name of this hero, was born into the family of a Mardaris (spiritual leader) from Margilan around 1844. After finishing rural school, he studied for some time at a madrasah. In 1867, against his father's will, he dropped out of school and settled among his tribesmen from the Boston clan. He roamed a lot with the

06.06.2022, 13:38

Salads and appetizers

Salad "Ozgeche"

Salad "Ozgiche" Ingredients: Chicken liver or stomach 48 Fresh or pickled cucumbers 10 Potatoes 10 Mass of boiled liver or stomach 30 Carrots 55 Mayonnaise 40 Eggs 20

06.06.2022, 11:43

Ethnography

Interior Design of a Pamir-Type House

In the early 20th century, Kyrgyz people also built houses similar to the described type, but without the stepped arched ceiling. Their construction is likely genetically linked to the design of Pamir-type houses. This is primarily evidenced by the overlap in their distribution areas. Such houses are characterized by the presence of columns that support the roof, a wooden ceiling, and a beam laid across the floor, dividing the room into two unequal parts. In the smaller part, which constitutes

02.06.2022, 19:39

"Semetey" - poetic story

Semetey. Semetey's Trip to Talas. Part - 6

At that time, Chiyrdy fell ill In worry, Kanikei's moan was heard: - Why, my unfortunate one, are you late? When will he finally arrive? She took Manas's spyglass And climbed up Kanikei's tower She saw that someone was coming It was her son – Semetey!

02.06.2022, 19:15

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

Reconstruction of the National Economy of the Kyrgyz SSR for Military Purposes

To ensure the tasks of reconstructing the national economy for military purposes, from the very beginning of the military actions in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, the restructuring of the work of Soviet bodies and the entire state apparatus was initiated. Their activities were subordinated to the tasks of mobilizing all forces and resources for victory over the enemy. The restructuring of state bodies mainly took place through the centralization of management, increasing the role of executive and

01.06.2022, 16:14

Insects of Kyrgyzstan

Ant Lion - Kumurska Arstany

Ant Lion - Acanthaclisis occitanicus Vill. The ant lion is a net-winged insect, closely related to osmylids, ascalaphids, and lacewings. It has four long, pointed, almost identical net-like wings. The body is dark gray, with yellow spots on the head. The round, undivided eyes of the ant lion protrude significantly. About 10 species are known in Kyrgyzstan. Adult individuals externally resemble dragonflies, but unlike them, they fold their wings differently at rest — roof-like over their

01.06.2022, 15:49

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Legalization of the "Alash" Party after the Overthrow of the Tsarist Regime

The Alash Party and its leaders were accused of betraying the interests of their people in 1916, in the repression against the rebels. This is a clear exaggeration; such a party simply did not exist in Kyrgyzstan. The future party members were evolutionists by conviction and consistent supporters of reforms and constitutional methods of changing the state structure; they were by no means enthusiastic about the uprising, considering the path of armed struggle against tsarism to be suicidal.

31.05.2022, 23:13

Kara-Balta - Black Ax

Karabaltyn JSC "Jailys Brewery" and JSC "Dessert"

JSC "Jaiyl Brewery" The first batch of beer was received during the hot days of June 1965, a month before the plant was accepted by the State Commission, after four years of construction. Two years later, a new launch occurred - the opening of the malt house, whose products were supplied for a long time to the Talas, Uzgen, and Kochkor breweries.

31.05.2022, 22:53

Ethnography

Family-kin groups in the ethnic composition of the Kyrgyz

In the ethnic composition of the Kyrgyz, tribes such as kurkureo, kuren, kalcha, keldike, kalmak, sart-kammak, kalmak-kyrgyz, chayu kazak, and others were represented, which, structurally, were not components of the aforementioned three branches. Historical information and genealogical traditions indicate that they belong to components of mixed or foreign origin (Abramzon, 1971. P. 26-28; 1960. P. 87-92; Alymbaeva, 1966. P. 200-212). Large tribes within the right and left wings, as well as the

30.05.2022, 17:28

History of the capital of Kyrgyzstan in documents

May Resolutions of 1954 in the city of Frunze. Documents No. 193-No. 194 (May 1954)

RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE KYRGYZ SSR "ON THE OPENING OF THE TECHNICAL SCHOOL OF SOVIET TRADE In the city of FRUNZE" Frunze, May 4, 1954. The Council of Ministers of the Kyrgyz SSR resolves: In connection with the completion of the construction of the technical school of Soviet trade in the city of Frunze, to request the Council of Ministers of the USSR to allow the Council of Ministers of the Kyrgyz SSR to open the technical school of Soviet trade in the 1954/55

29.05.2022, 16:33

Women of Kyrgyzstan

Professor of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR, Yennafa Vasilyevna Nikitina

Ennafa Vasilyevna Nikitina, an outstanding scientist-florist, leading botanist of Kyrgyzstan, honored figure of science of the Kyrgyz SSR, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR. E. V. Nikitina was born in Tomsk and graduated from Tomsk University in 1916. Until 1927, she worked as an assistant at the same university under the patronage of Professor V. V. Sapozhnikov. Her deep interest in science and extraordinary determination as a student did

29.05.2022, 16:20

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Some Pages of the Biography of T. Dzholdoshev from 1927 to 1937

Joldoshev became the head of the Academic Center under the People's Commissariat of Education of the Kyrgyz ASSR. Here began his creative collaboration with the philologist and poet Kasym Tynystanov. Together they participated in the work on preparing a new Kyrgyz alphabet based on Latin, replacing the old Arabic one. Together they promoted popular education — the school and political-educational network, theater, and artistic literature. From June 1929 to February 1931, Joldoshev served

26.05.2022, 19:43

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Coal Mining in Kyrgyzstan in the First Half of the Great Patriotic War

Emergency measures were taken to increase the extraction of fuel, primarily coal. Assessing the role of the coal industry, V. I. Lenin said: “Coal is the true bread of industry; without this bread, industry is inactive, and without this bread, railway transport is condemned to the most miserable condition...”. While the Kyrgyz SSR relied mainly on its internal resources for electricity production, the problem of supplying industry and transport with fuel, primarily coal, was solved through

25.05.2022, 16:49

"Semetey" in prose

Semetey. The Battle of Semetey with Abyke and Kyobesh

Kanikei, seeing and hearing everything that was happening, was immensely frightened and, crying loudly, began to speak to Semetey: - My dear orphan, as long as Abyke and Kyobesh are alive, Talas will not be our homeland, and the Kyrgyz will not be our people: they are not joking enemies. Therefore, look, prepare well for battle.

25.05.2022, 16:31

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of the Magic Chest

Once upon a time, people say, it happened. A khan lost his wife, leaving him with two sons. Some time passed, and the khan married for the second time. His new wife immediately took a disliking to the khan's younger son. One day, when the older son rode off with forty horsemen to set traps for falcons, she complained to her husband: — Oh my lord! I have always felt that your younger son does not love me! The khan became furious, believing his wife, and ordered two of his horsemen to seize

22.05.2022, 19:32

Shabdan Baatyr

Awards of Shabdan Djantaev

CERTIFICATE OF AWARD OF MANAP OF TOKMAK DISTRICT SHABDAN JANTAEV WITH THE MEDAL FOR THE CONQUEST OF THE KHANATE OF KOKAND Tashkent, December 19, 1877. In memory of the hardships and deprivations endured during the Kokand campaign, I, by the HIGHLY GRANTED authority bestowed upon me, award Manap Shabdan Jantaev the medal established "for the conquest of the Khanate of Kokand," and I hope that he will always be distinguished by diligence and loyalty to the Government. Given in the city

22.05.2022, 18:33

Kurmanjan Datka

Abdullabek and Pulat-Khan: A Story of Pride

The choice of Kurmandzhan Datka, who accepted Russian citizenship, predetermined, as is known, the further historical path of the southern Kyrgyz. However, another scenario was also possible, embodied in the fate of the impostor Pulat-Khan and the rebellious son of the Alay queen, Abdullabek. The stories of their fates are both interesting and instructive... It is known what the fate of the Alay people would have been had they followed not the advice of their wise matriarch but the calls of

21.05.2022, 13:26

Salads and appetizers

Salad of Fresh Tomatoes and Cucumbers

A fresh vegetable appetizer is relevant at any time of the year, especially during the summer period. It is impossible to spoil, and adding other vegetables allows you to prepare completely different appetizers every day. A low-calorie salad made from fresh produce is beneficial for the body. Juicy tomatoes and cucumbers pair excellently with each other. Often, they do not require additional components, but many hostesses enjoy experimenting with the dish's composition.

21.05.2022, 13:05

"Semetey" - poetic story

Semetey. Semetey's Trip to Talas. Part - 5

Part - 5 Forty choro returned home A considerable amount of time had passed At that moment, a battle was taking place Akylai came out to them and said: - You must please me Show all your might Take revenge on Semetey – the orphan He beat Kёbёsh and took the property!

20.05.2022, 18:52

Ethnography

Mansions Built in the Late 19th Century in Southern Kyrgyzstan

The houses-manors are characterized by their close proximity to each other. Sometimes they adjoin one another, and from above, they appear as a continuous cover of roofs without chimneys. G. V. Pokrovsky and N. I. Stogov wrote about the layout of the houses-manors and the arrangement of domestic furnishings within them.

19.05.2022, 15:12

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

Testing the Functionality of the State Apparatus of Frunze During the Great Patriotic War

The harsh test of the functionality of the state apparatus of the capital came during the years of the Great Patriotic War of the peoples of the USSR against German fascism. After unleashing the Second World War in 1939 and enslaving several European countries, fascist Germany significantly increased its industrial and military potential and suddenly attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. By this time, Germany had occupied Czechoslovakia, Poland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark,

19.05.2022, 14:28

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Program of the Alash Party

A. Bukeykhanov, M. Tynyshpayev, Zh. Seydalin, M. Dulatov, and others played a significant role in the creation of the Alash Party. However, the idea of transforming it into a branch of the Cadet Party was not supported by the II Congress of the Cadets in 1906. Neither the Russian autocracy nor the Russian liberals could accept the Alashists' platform for creating an autonomous state formation within Russia. The precedent for creating autonomy, initiated by those who believed it necessary

17.05.2022, 22:20

Kara-Balta - Black Ax

Joint Kyrgyz-Chinese Enterprise SKK LLC "Kitlap"

The joint Kyrgyz-Chinese enterprise was established in 1991. The Chinese side - the Li-Fa Bakery of the Chaoyang District of Beijing - supplied the equipment and technology, while the Kyrgyz side - the Kara-Balta Bread Products Plant (now the State Enterprise "BuuDay - Kara-Balta") - provided the buildings on the territory of the State Enterprise "BuuDay - Kara-Balta", labor force, and working capital. The enterprise was assembled and adjusted in a short time - in four and

17.05.2022, 22:04

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Resumption of Construction of the Lebedinovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station on the Bolshoy Chuy in 1942

In April 1942, the Soviet People's Commissariat and the Central Committee of the VKP(b) of Kyrgyzstan appealed to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the VKP(b) for the resumption of construction of the Lebedinovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station on the Bolshoy Chuy Canal in 1942, with the first phase capacity of 4,200 kW (construction had begun in May 1941, but due to the wartime situation, work was temporarily suspended). A special commission

16.05.2022, 13:21

Ethnography

Settlement of Kyrgyz Tribes in the Late 19th - Early 20th Centuries

Based on materials collected by S. M. Abramzon, R. Ya. Vinnikov, and A. Sydykov (Abramzon, 1960, pp. 3-136; 137-181; Vinnikov, 1957, pp. 71-75; Sydykov, 1992, pp. 111-156), we can judge the settlement of certain tribes. In the late 19th - early 20th centuries, the main mass of the Sarybagysh tribe inhabited the eastern part of the Chui Valley, the territories of Chon-Kemin and Kichi-Kemin, the northern and western parts of Lake Issyk-Kul, the Kochkor Valley, and the areas in the valleys of the

16.05.2022, 13:07

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Outcomes of Popular Movements in Central Asia in the 19th Century

The uprisings and revolts that took place in Kyrgyzstan, as well as in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan in the 19th century, had deep socio-economic roots. They were prepared by the entire course of historical development of the region's population during the period in question and stemmed from the socio-economic and political situation that had developed in the region in the 19th century. The historical conditions under which the struggle of the masses for social and national

15.05.2022, 09:38

Women of Kyrgyzstan / Actors of Kyrgyzstan

Actress Aisha Tyumenbaeva (Karasaeva)

Aisha Sultanaly kyzy was born on March 8, 1912, in the village of Taldy-Suu in the present-day Tyup district of the Issyk-Kul region, in a large family of a teacher. The actress does not have an extensive filmography, but she is known for being the first Kyrgyz girl to attend school. The first Kyrgyz woman to star in a leading role in the film "Covered Wagon" ("Uzbekgoskino") in 1927, the feature film "Covered Wagon," in which actress Aisha Tyumenbaeva made her

14.05.2022, 09:58

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

The Career Ladder of T. Dzholdoshev

After graduating from the institute, Joldoshev was assigned to the Department of Public Education of the Kara-Kyrgyz Oblast Executive Committee. Finally, he was going home! This coincided with Kyrgyzstan gaining the status of an autonomous region within the RSFSR. Young, full of hope, plans, and youthful enthusiasm, Tokchoro actively engaged in the process of socialist reconstruction of his homeland, where the positions of the old world were still strong, indeed, strong. And the feverish

14.05.2022, 09:19

"Semetey" in prose

Semetey. The Relocation of Semetey from Bukhara to Talas. Part 2

After the joyful wedding of Semetey, he took Chachykey with him, loading gold onto eighty red one-humped camels, handed the banner to Sara-khan, bid farewell to Temir-khan and Ismail, and set off on his journey. He rode on Taybuurul, with Akshumkar sitting on his arm, and along the way, he stopped to entertain himself with falconry using dogs. Seeing this beautiful procession, the ones traveling with him, Kanykey and Chiyyrdy, were immensely happy and said to each other:

13.05.2022, 17:20

Shabdan Baatyr

Report of M.D. Skobeleva to General-Adjutant Kofman on the Alai Expedition

Kokand, October 23, 1876 ... On July 18 [1876], at 4 a.m., I moved the vanguard of the Osh column (a sapper team, a dismounted rocket platoon, and Shabdan's horsemen) from the camp on the Lenjir River (Karjik), under the command of Captain Bogolyubov; an hour later, the 3rd and 4th companies of the 1st Turkestan Rifle Battalion set out; the pack train, due to reports of the extreme difficulty of the upcoming road, was left at the camp under the cover of the Siberian half-company

12.05.2022, 11:31

Kyrgyz fairy tales

The Tale of the Golden Eagle

Once, a young 'dzhigit spent the night at the house of a wealthy bay. They laid him to sleep in a yurt, where a beautiful berkut was perched on a pole, fluffing its feathers. In the morning, the dzhigit, looking at the beautiful bird, said: — Poor thing, you sit in captivity, with no one to take care of you, to teach you the art of hunting animals. You will never soar in the high sky, glide on the wings of the wind, or see from above how beautiful our jailoos are...

12.05.2022, 10:50

Kurmanjan Datka

Waqf - One of the Original Forms of Land Ownership

When examining the documents regarding the waqf of the Alymbek madrasa, it is hard not to agree that the founders of such property were not only sedentary agriculturalists but also nomadic feudal lords. The representatives of the poor had a completely different attitude towards this form of land ownership. They viewed waqf as a tool of cruel exploitation. This traditional attitude was reflected in the preservation of certain rituals.

10.05.2022, 08:57

Meat and offal dishes

Ancient Dish of the Nomads - Töö Tukum

People tell stories about an interesting meat dish called "Töö tukum." This dish is prepared on special occasions when waiting for a very honored visitor from another country, showing deep respect for the guest. It is said that when this dish was being prepared, the aroma of the meat spread throughout the surrounding area. To make it, four types of animals were used: a camel calf, a foal, a calf, and a lamb. They tried to use smaller animals. First, they prepared the camel calf,

10.05.2022, 08:26

Ethnography

Pre-Caspian Type of Estate

In the Osh region, we identify four main types of homesteads. We will first focus on the most ancient type, known as the Pamir type. Its distinctive feature is the placement of the house and the adjacent outbuildings under one roof. There is no courtyard. There is only one entrance to the homestead, through which people and livestock pass. The house is made of adobe with high walls (up to 3—3.2 m). The roof is always flat, without eaves, and, as mentioned above, is supported by massive pillars

09.05.2022, 11:10

"Semetey" - poetic story

Semetei. Semetei's Trip to Talas. Part - 4

Semetey's trip to Talas. Part - 4 Köbösh-khan, at that time, lived excessively He did not want to acknowledge anything Every day he drank kumys with arak He looked at the world with drunken eyes Gathering around him forty choro He spoke to them in drunken smoke: - You defeated all enemies when Manas was alive But all the glory went only to him!

08.05.2022, 21:06

Pishpek - Frunze - Bishkek

The Third Five-Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy in the Kirghiz ASSR

Since the beginning of 1940, there was an increase in labor activity among workers at industrial enterprises for fulfilling and exceeding production plans, as well as the movement of multi-machine operators. For instance, the workers of the flour mill and the sewing-knitwear factory were the first in the republic to switch to multi-machine servicing. Anna Fedorenko, a worker at the sewing-knitwear factory, began operating two machines, and by September, 12 workers were working using her

07.05.2022, 08:37

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Establishment of the Pishpek Branch of the Kazakh-Kyrgyz Party "Alash-Orda"

Soon A. Sydykov resigned, as the Provisional Government disappointed the expectations of the indigenous masses and did not stop the repressions. By its decree of March 14, 1917, it upheld all imperial decrees that protected colonial orders: "all acts of the supreme administration that occurred before February 27 are to be considered legal." On April 19, the Turkestan Committee of the Provisional Government adopted a resolution prohibiting Kyrgyz and Kazakh refugees from China from

07.05.2022, 08:18