In 2013, the development and implementation of technological, marketing, and organizational innovations in the industry of the republic were carried out by 39 enterprises, or 5.5 percent of the surveyed number.
Before 1917, there were 6 semi-artisanal brick factories in Kyrgyzstan, mostly operating seasonally, and one lime burning factory. In 1922, the brick production amounted to only 0.4 million pieces, and in 1924 — about 1 million pieces. A small amount of tiles and lime were produced. In 1927, the construction materials industry in the republic was represented by a brick factory that was part of the "Kyrgyzstroyobedineniye," and artisanal production within the system of the industrial
The volume of market services provided by economic entities in January-June 2014, according to preliminary estimates, amounted to 191.2 billion soms, which is an increase of 3.3 percent compared to January-June 2013. Overall, the turnover of wholesale and retail trade per capita in the republic in January-June of this year amounted to 18,045 soms. However, while in Osh city the turnover exceeded the average republican indicator by 2.4 times, in Bishkek by 2.1 times, and in Chui region by 1.2
Researchers note the traditional nature of the clothing of the peoples of Central Asia, which has developed within a unified culture. While there were significant differences in the past, over the centuries they have smoothed out and formed something cohesive. However, despite the unity of the constructive basis, the clothing of the Kyrgyz has not lost its originality, especially clearly manifested in the decoration and manner of wearing. Researchers note the lack of differentiation in some
The "Upper Naryn Zone" includes the upper part of the Naryn River basin from the vicinity of the village of Karakolka to the headwaters of its two main tributaries — Taragay and Kara-Say, which originate in the ridge area at the northern and southern ends of the Ak-Shiyrak range. The zone is located east of the city of Naryn, approximately 110 km by road to the village of Karakolka. You can reach the zone from the Issyk-Kul region via the highway from the city of Przhevalsk — to the
Kyrgyz people have long used the stems of the steppe plant chiy for various products. A. P. Fedchenko wrote about the properties and benefits of this plant, as well as its use in the southern regions of Kyrgyzstan: "Being thin, strong, and uniformly straight over long distances, without knots, they (the stems of chiy — K. A.) are very convenient for making mats. Mats made from chiy are widely used by the Kyrgyz, and the sides of the yurt are necessarily covered with chiy; it is dense
In the economic life and daily life of the southern Kyrgyz, various items made using the technique of hand weaving held a prominent place. Currently, many types of weaving have almost been lost. They have been best preserved in the Alay Valley and in the southwestern regions of the Osh region. Like all Kyrgyz, the weaving of woolen belts — gashniks (ychkyr), used for men's and women's sharovars, was widespread. They are woven by hand from uncolored twisted threads (white or brown).
A significant place in the decoration of felt products among the Kyrgyz is occupied by appliqué. This decorative technique is much simpler than mosaic. It can be considered ancient in the art of decorating felt. Appliqué has developed significantly among the Kyrgyz belonging to the ichkilik group. They have preserved more archaic techniques to this day. In the eastern part of the region, appliqué was also present in the decoration of the yurt. Modern artisans or enthusiasts of handmade
An interesting fact is the existence of felt wall carpets called 'tush kiyiz' (also known as 'tush tuurduk') in the Alai region as early as the beginning of our century. These carpets were trimmed with fringe on three sides and made using mosaic techniques. Essentially, such felt carpets did not differ from 'shirdamal' type carpets (the same colors, the same shape, the same manufacturing technique), but they were typically used for insulating yurts: they were hung
The term "shirdamal" is used among the pre-Fergana Kyrgyz. Carpets by this name are made here only by Kyrgyz who identify themselves with the tribal groups of Adigine, Mongoldor, and Mungush. Northern Kyrgyz refer to such a carpet as "shyrdak." Among the Kazakhs, a similar carpet is called "syrmak," "syrdak," or "syrdamal." In the past, it was laid on the ground in a yurt, used during migrations, covering the loaded camel. Nowadays, it serves
The main ornamental motif is the curl, executed in various variations. Sometimes the entire pattern consists only of curls enclosed in squares or triangles. This decoration, "ala kiyiza," is most typical for the Batken region. More often, artisans develop simple and more complex rosettes that incorporate the curl motif in different combinations and positions.
Turning to the characteristics of the decoration of the felt carpet, we will first focus on its color features.
Using the technique of rolled colored pattern, a felt carpet is made, which has the original name ala kiyiz (multicolored felt). No other types of products created in this way are noted among the Kyrgyz. Felt carpets are widely and commonly used in the daily life of the Kyrgyz. The technique of rolled colored pattern in felt carpets is applied by many peoples of Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Kazakhs, as well as by the Kyrgyz of Xinjiang.
The technology of producing felt, both unadorned and adorned, is mainly reduced to the same process, complicated in the latter case by the creation of ornamentation.
The production of felt used to occupy a significant place in home industry. In the 19th century, it remained an indispensable material in Kyrgyz life, serving to protect homes from cold, rain, wind, sunlight, moisture, and dampness. Felt was widely used for making clothing items, pack transport, and so on. Now, felt is used in the form of covers for yurts, carpets, and men's headwear.
Today, May 9, the Prime Minister of the Kyrgyz Republic, Temir Sariev, participated in events dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
Tapered Net-cap (Dictyocephalus attenuatus (Peck) Long et Plunkett). Status: VU. A very rare Paleogene relic. The only species of the genus Dictyocephalus in the world.
Dzhoraev Mahamatrasulzhon (1948), Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences (1994), Professor (1998). Uzbek. Born in the city of Osh, Osh region. Graduated from Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami (1969), and completed his doctoral studies there (1991).
Dzholdubaev Yrysbay (1944), Doctor of Medical Sciences (1991). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Ak-Jar, Karasuu District, Osh Region. Graduated from KGMI and postgraduate studies. Worked as a district physician, chief physician of the district, associate professor, deputy director of the Institute of Ecology, deputy minister of health of the Kyrgyz Republic, and since 1996 - representative of the regional office of WHO in the Nikor branch.
Dzholdoshbekov Abdykerim (1935), Candidate of Philological Sciences (1969), Professor (2001). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Kyzyl-Say, Bakai-Ata District, Talas Region. Graduated from KGU (1961), postgraduate studies (1968). Worked as a teacher, senior teacher, associate professor, head of the department at KGU, associate professor, head of the department, dean of KJPI, professor, head of the department at BGU, and since 1999 - professor, head of the department at KGPU named after I. Arabayev.
Dzholdosheva Cholpon Tokchoroevna (1929), Doctor of Philological Sciences (1983), Professor (1984), Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR (1989). Born in Frunze. Graduated from Moscow State University (1952), postgraduate studies at Kyrgyz State University. Worked as a lecturer, associate professor, head of the Department of Theory and History of Russian Literature, and professor at the J. Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University.
Dzhishambaev Ernest Dzhumakadyrovich (1958), Doctor of Medical Sciences (2001). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Kirovo, Issyk-Ata District, Chui Region. Graduated from KGMI (1981), postgraduate studies at the All-Union Cardiology Research Center of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (Moscow, 1986).
Dzhigitov Salidzhan (1939), Doctor of Philological Sciences (1992), Professor (1998), Laureate of the State Prize of Kyrgyzstan in the field of Science and Technology (1984). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Keldyk in the Uzgen district of Osh region. Graduated from the Philological Faculty of KSU (1959), postgraduate studies at the Institute of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR (1965). Worked as a teacher in secondary school, junior researcher at the Institute
Dzhenchuraeva Rozaliya Dzhamankulovna (1935), Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1990), Professor (2000), Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (1993). Kyrgyz. Born in the city of Buguruslan, Orenburg region, Russian Federation. Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold (1958), postgraduate studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR (1965).
Dzhenchuraeva Aleksandra Vasilievna (1944), Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1995), Professor (2001). Ukrainian. Born in the village of Peski, Lokhvitsa District, Poltava Region of the Ukrainian SSR. Graduated from the Geological Faculty of Saratov State University (1966).
Dzhenbaev Bekmamat Murzakmatovich (1960), Doctor of Biological Sciences (2001). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Sary-Bulak, Suzak District, Jalal-Abad Region. Graduated from KSU (1987), postgraduate studies at GEOHI RAS (Moscow, 1993).
Djekshenkulov Alikbek (1957), Doctor of Political Sciences (2000). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Cholpon, Kochkor district, Naryn region. Graduated from the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy (Kyiv, 1980).
Dzhanybekov Chabalday (1930), Doctor of Technical Sciences (1992), Professor (2001). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Chyrpykty, Issyk-Kul District, Issyk-Kul Region. Graduated from the Kyrgyz Agricultural Institute (1951), postgraduate studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR (1956).
Zhamgerchinov Begimaly (1914-1982), Doctor of Historical Sciences (1950), Professor (1951), Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR (1964), Laureate of the State Prize of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of science and technology (1970). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Kuntu, Kyzyl-Asker District. Graduated from the Kyrgyz Agricultural Institute (1936), and completed postgraduate studies there (1942).
Dzhama Kulova Gulbubu (1927), Doctor of Economic Sciences (1972), Professor (1974), Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (1984). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Ken-Kul, Talas District, Talas Region. Graduated from the Correspondence Pedagogical Institute (1954), Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1961), Academy of Social Sciences (1963). Worked in Komsomol activities, Deputy Minister of
Dzhamankulov Keneshbek (1935), Doctor of Technical Sciences (1990), Professor (1997).
Dzhamanbaev Murataly Dzhuzumalievich (1952), Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1999), Professor (2002). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Kara-Dzhigach, Alamudun district, Chui region. Graduated from KGU (1974), postgraduate studies at the Institute of Automation of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (1986). Worked as a junior researcher at the Institute of Automation of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, senior lecturer, head of the
Dzhamanbaev Zhenis Anarkulovich (1946), Doctor of Chemical Sciences (1991), Professor (2000). Kazakh. Born in the village of Kasyk, Kurday District, Zhambyl Region, Kazakhstan. Graduated from the Faculty of Chemistry of KSU (1967), postgraduate studies at the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR (1973). Worked as an engineer, junior and senior researcher at the Institute of Natural and Technical Chemistry, head of the laboratory at the Institute of
Dzhamanbaev Akmatbek Sagynovich (1933-1992), Doctor of Technical Sciences (1973), Professor (1973). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Don-Ary in the Chui region. Graduated from KSHI (1955). Worked as a research associate, head of the laboratory at the USSR Ministry of Energy Research Institute, vice-rector, head of the department, dean of the Faculty of Engineering, director of the Institute for the Integrated Use of Natural Resources of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic,
Dzhakypova Chynar Sharshievna (1955), Doctor of Historical Sciences (1989), Professor (1990). Kyrgyz. Born in Frunze. Graduated from the historical faculty of Moscow State University, and completed postgraduate studies there as well. Worked as a senior lecturer, head of the department at KGU, Minister of Education of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Executive Director of the Center for Strategic Research, Executive Director of the Soros Foundation in Kyrgyzstan, and since 1996 - advisor to George
Dyeing is one of the important processes in the production of woolen products. The color largely determines the quality of the created items. In the past, the best dyes were of plant origin; the Kyrgyz used roots, stems, and fruits of various plants for this purpose. However, it is difficult to ascertain the details of the use of natural plant dyes, as much has already been forgotten, since they ceased to be used about 100-120 years ago.
In the nomadic lifestyle of the Kyrgyz, wool found wide application. Wool products and materials made from it were used for arranging and decorating dwellings, clothing, and crafting items related to riding and pack transport. Wool was used to make ropes, mats, and other household and economic items. Sheep's wool was most commonly used, along with goat and camel wool. For yarn and weaving, spring shearing wool was preferred. Autumn shearing wool was used to make felt.
Domestic production among the southern Kyrgyz in the last century, especially in the first half, played an important role. A significant portion of the population engaged in livestock farming had a natural economy at its core, and almost all necessary household items were produced domestically. The production was based on the use of both livestock raw materials and materials sourced from nature. The only purchased material was metal (silver, iron).
Desyatkov Gennady Alexandrovich (1947), Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1995), Professor (1996). Russian. Born in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR. Graduated from MEI (Moscow, 1972). Worked as a junior researcher and senior researcher at the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, and since 1993 - Head of the Department of Information and Computing Technologies at KRSU. Specialist in the field of mathematical and computer modeling of thermophysical
Derbisheva Zamira Kasymbekovna (1952), Doctor of Philological Sciences (2002). Kyrgyz. Born in Frunze. Graduated from Voronezh State University (1974), postgraduate studies at Moscow State University (1978), doctoral studies at Kyrgyz National University (1996). Worked as a teacher, senior teacher, associate professor, head of the department, dean of the Faculty of Russian Philology at Kyrgyz National University, and since 2002 - professor at the Manas University.
Demenyev Nikolai Vasilievich (1902-1984), Doctor of Technical Sciences, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR (1961). Russian. Worked as the head of the department of enrichment, chemistry, and metallurgy at the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR, and as the director of the Institute of Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR.
Dvornikov Leonid Trofimovich (1934), Doctor of Technical Sciences (1974). Russian. Born in Tomsk Oblast. Graduated from Tomsk Polytechnic Institute (1958), and completed postgraduate studies there (1961). Worked as a lecturer at Tomsk Polytechnic Institute, head of the Department of Theory of Mechanisms and Machines, and dean of the Mechanical Engineering Faculty of KTU. Specialist in the field of engineering for mining machinery.
Daniyarov Sanzharbek Seitovich (1931-1998), Doctor of Historical Sciences (1982), Professor (1986), Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (1993). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Shabdan, Kemin District, Chui Region. Graduated from KSU (1953). Worked as a lecturer at OGPI, Deputy Head of the Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, Chairman of the Committee on Press, Deputy Minister of Culture of the Kyrgyz SSR, Senior
Daniyarov Sanzharbek Bakirovich (1928), Doctor of Medical Sciences (1970), Professor (1972), Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (1989), Laureate of the State Prize of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of science and technology (1996). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Kainda, Kemin district, Chui region. Graduated from KGMI (1948), postgraduate studies there as well. Worked as an assistant, associate professor, professor, vice-rector, rector, and since 1987 -
Dadaev Murat Khasanovich (1957), Doctor of Medical Sciences (1986), Laureate of the State Prize of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of Science and Technology (2002). Tajik. Born in the village of Tajik-Kishlak, Frunze District, Osh Region. Graduated from KGMI (1980). Worked as a doctor at GKB No. 2, senior research fellow, head of the scientific department of cardiac and vascular radiology, and since 2002 - Deputy Director of the National Center for Cardiology and Therapy of the Ministry of
Davletov Imamuseyn Kozhomberdievich (1932-1983), Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1971). Kyrgyz. Born in the village of Chon-Aryk, Kalinin District, Kyrgyz SSR. Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold (1954), postgraduate studies at the Institute of Geology of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR (1961). Worked as a senior researcher and head of the laboratory at the Institute of Geology of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR.
Gusev Konstantin Borisovich (1929), Candidate of Economic Sciences (1968), Professor (1991). Russian. Born in the city of Zaporizhzhia, Ukrainian SSR. Graduated from KSU (1959). Worked as the first deputy chairman of the State Planning Committee, deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers, deputy chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz SSR, professor at the Institute of Management of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic, expert at the Center for Economic and
Gurovich Viktor Tsalevich (1937), Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1983), Professor (1987). Jewish. Born in the city of Mykolaiv, Ukrainian SSR. Graduated from KSU (1961). Worked as the head of the plasma theory laboratory at the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR, since 1993 - Professor at KRSU, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic.