1937 in Kyrgyzstan

"Receiving the title of Professor by K. T. Tynystanov in 1936"

E. D. Polivanov, in particular, supported the hypothesis of the Yenisei origin of the Kyrgyz, linking this to the absence in Central Asia of another Turkic language specifically close to Kyrgyz. At the same time, the author speaks of the numerous ethnic components of the Kyrgyz nationality—both migratory and local, from the Tian Shan region. The scholar clarifies: “When speaking here (and below) about the linguistic ancestors of the Kyrgyz (whom I assume to be the authors of the Yenisei

23.03.2023, 13:17

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Establishment of Political Departments in State Farms of the Kyrgyz SSR during World War II

The results of 1941 indicate the enormous economic potential of the collective farms and state farms of Kyrgyzstan, as well as their capabilities in further increasing the production of food and raw materials. 1942 proved to be particularly difficult for the country's agriculture. The Soviet Union lost Ukraine, the Don region, Crimea, Kuban, and other key areas for the production of grain and technical crops, as well as livestock. Before the war, these regions were home to 45% of the

23.03.2023, 12:53

Shabdan Baatyr

Service Record of Police Senior Officer Shabdan Djantaev

January 30, 1888. 1. Rank, first name, patronymic, surname, position, age, religion, distinctions, and salary received.

21.03.2023, 16:08

Kurmanjan Datka

The Legend of the Fallen Minaret During the Lifetime of Dukchi Ishan

Much about the appearance of Dukchi and his charisma is conveyed by the so-called legend of the fallen minaret, which was quite popular during the life of the ishan and later recounted in one of his biographies. This concerns the collapsed minaret, built in 1890. A few years later, due to the increasing number of worshippers in the mosque and murids, there arose a need to reconstruct the mosque. The craftsmen decided to dismantle the old minaret made of raw brick and erect a new one from burnt

19.03.2023, 11:19

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

How the Political Case Against Abdulkarim Sydykov Was Fabricated

In the statement by X. Khasanov regarding the accused, it was written: "1. Citizen Abdulkarim Sydykov, as everyone knows, previously served in the district administration as a translator and became quite notorious in this position as a lover of easy profit and a extractor of all resources from the Kyrgyz people. Who among them has not had some dealings with the district administration? Being elected as a deputy to the district commissioner by the Provisional Government, he constantly

05.03.2023, 11:50

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Agriculture of Kyrgyzstan at the Service of the Front in 1941

The sudden attack of fascist Germany and the unfavorable development of military actions on the front created enormous difficulties not only in industry but also in the agriculture of the country. The enemy managed to capture the richest agricultural regions: before the war, they produced 38% of the gross grain output, 84% of sugar, accounted for 38% of cattle, and 60% of the pig population. Many able-bodied and skilled workers and collective farmers were mobilized to the front. In addition, a

05.03.2023, 11:16

Shabdan Baatyr

Awards of the Army Senior Sergeant Shabdan Jantaev

Information about the awards received by the Kyrgyz from the Sarybagysh volost, the junior Cossack Elder Shabdan Djantaev: 1) In 1868, awarded an honorary robe of the 1st class. 2) In 1871, awarded an honorary robe of the 2nd class. 3) In 1874, awarded a gold medal on the Stanislav ribbon and an honorary robe of the 1st class. 4) In 1875, awarded an honorary robe of the 1st class. Certificate dated October 24, 1875, No. 142. 5) In 1876, for feats performed during the campaign against the

04.03.2023, 12:33

Kurmanjan Datka

The Ishan from the Min-Tyube Village by the Nickname "Dukchi"

The uprising was led by a certain Magomed Ali Khalif Muhammad-Sabir Ogly - the ishan from the village of Min-Tyube. The nickname Dukchi, under which he entered history, suggests a probable profession of this person. To fully reveal and objectively assess the reasons for the Andijan uprising of 1898, it is necessary to investigate the personality of the immediate leader. To determine whether the Andijan uprising can be interpreted as a religious Sufi, anti-colonial, or national liberation

15.02.2023, 20:38

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

"Red Terror" Against A. Sydykov

Two months before the spontaneously begun Belyvodsk uprising, on September 30, 1918, X. Khasanov, who at that time was the commissioner for national affairs of the Pishpek Soviet, as well as a member of the investigative commission and the local revolutionary tribunal, attempted to initiate a case against Abdykerim Sydykov, Satarkul and Sadik Djangarachiev, Seydakhmat Chukin, Asankul Cholponkulov, Akhmed-bek Koybagarov, Dauletbek Kobylyov, Azimbek Sagymbaev, and Sadibakas Jandaev on charges of

31.01.2023, 11:46

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Discovery in the Archives of Polivanov's Manuscripts on Kyrgyz Linguistics

In the manuscript collections of the Institute of Kyrgyz Language and Literature (the successor of the former Institute of Cultural Construction and the Institute of Language and Writing), only the "Report on the Dungan Linguistic Expedition," written by Polivanov on August 15, 1936, was found. It began as follows: “Only thanks to the valuable qualities of my colleague Comrade Yak-Shan-Sin, whom I sincerely consider an excellent work partner, was the expedition able to accomplish

21.12.2022, 11:07

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

The National Economy of the Kyrgyz SSR by Mid-1942

The communication authorities also improved their work. In a record short time—from July to December 1941—a 533-kilometer line was laid, and 54 border rural councils of the republic were connected by telephone; a telegraph and telephone line was constructed Pulgon—Haiderken, and telephone communication was established between the mine and the city of Osh; the construction of the communication line Durbeldzhin—Kazarman was completed; the telephone connection of large evacuated enterprises was

21.12.2022, 10:47

Shabdan Baatyr

Autobiography of Shabdan Jantaev

(From the manuscript of the unpublished book by N.A. Aristov "Western Tien Shan. Ussuni and Kyrgyz or Kara-Kyrgyz". 4.2. - St. Petersburg, 1893.) ... Here, for the convenience of considering the dates of military actions in Fergana, I place the autobiography of the Kara-Kyrgyz of the Sarybagysh clan, military elder Shabdan Jantaev, compiled at my request in 1885, a significant part of which consists of his participation in these military actions; this participation is naively

19.12.2022, 15:01

Kurmanjan Datka

The Andijan Uprising of 1898: The Roots of Popular Anger

The unpredictable and capricious nature for which Kurmandzhan Datka was known astonishingly combined with the sober calculation and wisdom of a far-sighted strategist. This is evidenced by a fact from the biography of the Alai queen, when her warning once saved tens of thousands of her tribesmen from certain death. This refers to an act that prevented many Alai people from participating in the infamous Andijan uprising of 1898. As is known, this mass unrest of separatists engulfed a

14.12.2022, 12:32

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

The First Attempt at Political Discrediting of A. Sydykov and the Left Socialist Revolutionary Movement in Turkestan

One episode from the life of A. Sydykov is associated with his membership in the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party, which could have turned tragic for him. After the suppression of the uprising in Moscow, the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party was labeled as counter-revolutionary and pro-Kulak. However, despite the fierce anti-SR propaganda and agitation, the task of liquidating this nearly million-member organization was by no means simple. A new pretext was needed to finally discredit the

29.11.2022, 16:48

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Memories of the Student E. D. Polivanov Yan-Shan-Sin about His Teacher

In the first year of work, it was not possible to go on an expedition. E. D. Polivanov and the young researcher Yusup Yan-Shan-Sin urgently had to engage in compiling a textbook of the Dungan language, while Tynystanov and Abdukaimov worked on the Kyrgyz language. That same year, together with Yasir Shivaza, E. D. Polivanov translated "The Internationale" into the Dungan language and often, as later recalled by the now-folk poet Shivaza, hummed it in Dungan.

14.11.2022, 00:26

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Railway, Road, and Water Transport of the Kyrgyz SSR in the Early Years of World War II

The various types of transport in the republic that grew during the years of Soviet power—railway, road, and water transport—had to quickly transition to a military footing in an extremely challenging environment, ensuring timely and uninterrupted transportation for military and economic needs. By the order of the People's Commissariat of Railways of the USSR from June 24, 1941, train movements across the entire Soviet Union were switched to a special military schedule, civilian

10.11.2022, 17:31

Shabdan Baatyr

Request of Shabdan Jantaev for the release of the prisoner moldo Mamyrbay Kuatbekov

STATEMENT OF MILITARY SERGEANT SHABDAN DJANTAEV AND MANAP OF TOKMAK DISTRICT SAURAMBAI KHUDOYAROV TO THE STEPPE GENERAL-GOVERNOR REQUESTING THE RELEASE OF MOLDOS MAMYRBAY KUATBEKOV FROM IMPRISONMENT City of Pishpek September 13, 1884

04.11.2022, 14:03

Kurmanjan Datka

The Attitude Towards Kurmanjan Datka and Shabdan-Baatyr in Central Asia and Beyond

According to legends, Kurmandzhan Datka and Shabdan-Baatyr often showed mercy towards the poor and weak, providing them with material assistance. They were not characterized by a thirst for power, cruelty, greed, or a desire for enrichment. They amazed their contemporaries with their insight, flexibility, and consistent implementation of their set goals. In the context of the colonial policies of the Tsarist regime, they tried to preserve the integrity and nominal independence of their fellow

31.10.2022, 18:43

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Merger of the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Faction of the Semirechye Regional Soviet Congress with the Bolsheviks

The significant role of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries in the fate of revolutionary Russia was acknowledged even by Lenin, who had always held a hostile view towards any kind of "deviationists" from the "general line." In his obituary for Proshyan, who died a few months after the July uprising underground, he wrote: "And yet Proshyan managed to do more for the strengthening of Soviet power until July 1918 than from July 1918 onwards for its undermining." The

12.10.2022, 20:55

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

The Main Work of Professor Polivanov in Frunze

In 1919, E. D. Polivanov joined the Communist Party (which alienated him from the university faculty) and actively engaged in practical work among foreign representatives of the Comintern, especially the Chinese and Japanese. Then he focused on fundamental scientific work in Eastern languages and comparative linguistics. He became a recognized specialist in comparative linguistics of the Indo-European direction. His works were published abroad. Polivanov was one of the first and most

29.09.2022, 20:50

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

The Growth of Kyrgyzstan's Military-Industrial Potential in 1942

As a result of the titanic efforts of the Communist Party and the selfless labor of the working class in the spring, summer, and autumn of 1942, the military-industrial potential of Kyrgyzstan continued to grow steadily. The gross output of all industries by the end of 1942 amounted to 296.8 million rubles, which is an increase of 15.3 million rubles compared to 1940. The pace of production of essential goods for the front and defense industry was rapidly increasing. This is evidenced by the

29.09.2022, 20:27

Shabdan Baatyr

Certificate of Granting the Rank of Cossack Senior Officer to Shabdan Djantaev and Awarding Him Golden Watches and a First-Class Honorary Robe

St. Petersburg, December 24, 1883 The Main Staff hereby certifies that the Kyrgyz Manap Shabdan Jantayev was graciously conferred on May 14, 1883, the rank of Army Senior Officer, gold watches with a matching chain, and an honorary first-class robe.

26.09.2022, 18:23

Kurmanjan Datka

The Participation of Shabdan-Baatyr in the Military-Scientific Expedition to Alai in July 1876

As is known, after the abolition of the Kokand Khanate, Kurmanjan Datka, along with her sons, unwilling to submit to the imperial government, took a desperate step—an unequal struggle against the imperial troops. In this regard, during the final stage of the conquest of the khanate, the Governor-General of Turkestan, K. D. Kaufman, wrote that "never before in Central Asia had the Russians experienced such a long and stubborn struggle. For the first time, we encountered an energetic

25.09.2022, 14:40

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Prohibition of the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party

It is a common belief that the beginning of the split between the Bolsheviks and the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries was marked by the latter's refusal to recognize the Treaty of Brest. In reality, the disagreements began even earlier. Two weeks after the October Revolution, a clash occurred over the closure of several bourgeois newspapers in Petrograd. The training of the Socialist-Revolutionaries let down the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries. They turned out to be more democratic than they

14.09.2022, 12:07

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Professor Evgeny Dmitrievich Polivanov

Professor Polivanov came to Kyrgyzstan at the personal invitation of the then-disgraced researcher of the Institute of Cultural Construction, former People's Commissar of Education of the Kyrgyz ASSR K. Tynystanov. They were acquainted in Tashkent, and Tynystanov decided to lure the famous linguist, creator of textbooks for Uzbek schools, to scientifically strengthen his native institute and revive the work on creating Kyrgyz and Dungan textbooks. Order No. 22, issued on July 21, 1934, by

11.09.2022, 14:11

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Kyrgyzstan "On the Development of the Stakhanov Movement During Wartime"

Assigning exceptional political and economic significance to the unprecedented rise in the creative activity of workers, the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Kyrgyzstan, in its resolution of April 7, 1942, "On the Development of the Stakhanov Movement During Wartime," recommended that party and economic organizations and enterprises make broader use of the experience of production innovators to prepare for a mass Stakhanov movement, as the main task—ensuring

08.09.2022, 20:11

Shabdan Baatyr

Issuance of a Certificate to Shabdan Jantayev for the Coronation of the Emperor in Moscow

CERTIFICATE ISSUED BY THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHENSKAYA REGION MANAP SHABDAN DJANTAEV, THAT HE IS AMONG THE DEPUTIES FROM THE LOCAL POPULATION OF THE SEMIRECHENSKAYA REGION TO ATTEND THE CORONATION IN MOSCOW City of Verny April 2, 1883

04.09.2022, 13:53

Kurmanjan Datka

Once Again About Shabdan

The history of a country is a delicate matter. Here, a careless word is enough to sow misunderstanding and discord. For example, an article about the Kyrgyz national hero Shabdan-baatyr, recently published in the newspaper "Slovo Kyrgyzstana," offends the feelings of those who cherish the memory of this man. In an interview published on April 15, 2011, in the newspaper "Slovo Kyrgyzstana," the great-great-grandson of Kurmandjan datka, Yu. M. Myrzapayazov, allowed himself to

01.09.2022, 12:36

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Formation of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party (SRs)

The Socialist-Revolutionary Party (SRs) was formed in Russia in 1902 and made a loud statement with several shocking acts of terror against tsarist officials. They assassinated the Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia, Pleve, and Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov. In this way, they attempted to force the tsarist government to grant the people a constitution and civil liberties. The assassination of 20-year-old M. Spiridonova, the Tambov pacifier of peasants, Luzhenovsky, received

21.08.2022, 13:48

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Sentencing of Tokchoro Joldoshev

Dzholdoshev and a number of other comrades were vilified at the V Plenary of the Kirgiz Regional Committee of the Party, which took place in December 1935. The plenary session was dedicated to the results of the verification of party documents in the Kyrgyz party organization. From the report of the second secretary of the Kirgiz Regional Committee of the Party: “... expelled from the party for supporting the Akhvostiev-Sydykov counter-revolutionary nationalist organization. Dzholdoshev, being

30.07.2022, 08:29

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Selfless Labor of Kyrgyz Stakhanovites for the Eastern Front

The powerful driving force in awakening the creative activity and initiative of the masses in the struggle to increase labor productivity and boost the output of surplus products for the front was socialist competition. V. I. Lenin, after the victory of the Great October (in February 1918), wrote: “Our task now, when the socialist government is in power, is to organize competition.” He was the first to see in competition an inexhaustible creative force in increasing the productivity of social

27.07.2022, 20:48

Shabdan Baatyr

Awarding Shabdan Jantaev a robe for special merits

CERTIFICATE OF AWARD FOR SPECIAL MERITS OF HONORARY KYRGYZ SHABDAN DJANTAEV OF TOKMAK DISTRICT WITH A FIRST-CLASS VELVET ROBE Tashkent. January 20, 1882.

24.07.2022, 16:23

Kurmanjan Datka

Results of the Uprising Led by Pulat Khan in 1873 - 1876

The clan leaders of many southern Kyrgyz tribes, not connected with the court clique, began to contemplate a general uprising capable of overthrowing Khudoyar. However, they needed a leader with a loud name, necessarily from the ruling Ming dynasty - this was a long-standing tradition. When the true heir to the throne - Pulat-bek, who was leading a miserable existence as a student at a madrasa, refused this mission, a substitute was found, the very same mullah Iskhak Hasan-ulu. In the spring

22.07.2022, 19:24

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

The Masses of Semirechye for a Peaceful Evolutionary Path of Development

On November 12, 1917, elections in Semirechye for the Constituent Assembly were disrupted by armed soldiers. In the voting for this body, the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) gathered over 50% of the votes nationwide, while the Bolsheviks received only 25%. The masses voted against left radicalism, for a peaceful evolutionary path of development.

10.07.2022, 13:50

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Reflections on the Arrest of Tokchoro Joldoshev

Behind the dry lines of archival documents stands another tragically interrupted life. Let's imagine how it was. Tokchoro Joldoshev — the People's Commissar for Education of the Kirghiz ASSR — sat at his desk and could not understand the meaning of the phrase he had just read. The white sheet with a red stamp at the bottom seemed to him like a huge piece of mountain ice, growing at the edge of an abyss, hiding beneath its transparent purity an unfathomable chasm. His hands seemed to

14.06.2022, 09:27

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Everything for the Front: Oil and Coal Extraction in Kyrgyzstan

The war exacerbated the situation regarding the supply of oil to the country's industry and transport. In Kyrgyzstan, large-scale oil production began only in 1937. On the eve of the war, it produced 23.8 thousand tons of oil per year, ranking seventh after the RSFSR, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. With the advance of German-fascist troops to the Volga and the foothills of the Caucasus, oil production in Baku sharply decreased, and in the Grozny and Maykop

10.06.2022, 20:56

Shabdan Baatyr

Letter of Thanks from G.A. Kolpakovsky to Shabdan Djantaev

LETTER FROM THE MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE SEMIRECHEN REGION G.A. KOLPAKOVSKY TO SHABDAN DJANTAEV WITH GRATITUDE FOR THE DONATION TO THE VERNY CHILDREN'S ORPHANAGE AND NOTIFICATION OF HIS RIGHT TO THE TITLE OF MEMBER-BENEFACTOR OF THE VERNY ORPHANAGE COMMITTEE City of Verny, March 31, 1881

09.06.2022, 12:53

Kurmanjan Datka

Ambitions and the Finale of Pulat Khan - the "Alai Prince"

Who was this impostor, hiding behind what seemed to be a noble cause under the name of the heir to the Kokand throne? It is known that moldo Iskhak Hasan-ulu, which was the real name of this hero, was born into the family of a Mardaris (spiritual leader) from Margilan around 1844. After finishing rural school, he studied for some time at a madrasah. In 1867, against his father's will, he dropped out of school and settled among his tribesmen from the Boston clan. He roamed a lot with the

06.06.2022, 13:38

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Legalization of the "Alash" Party after the Overthrow of the Tsarist Regime

The Alash Party and its leaders were accused of betraying the interests of their people in 1916, in the repression against the rebels. This is a clear exaggeration; such a party simply did not exist in Kyrgyzstan. The future party members were evolutionists by conviction and consistent supporters of reforms and constitutional methods of changing the state structure; they were by no means enthusiastic about the uprising, considering the path of armed struggle against tsarism to be suicidal.

31.05.2022, 23:13

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

Some Pages of the Biography of T. Dzholdoshev from 1927 to 1937

Joldoshev became the head of the Academic Center under the People's Commissariat of Education of the Kyrgyz ASSR. Here began his creative collaboration with the philologist and poet Kasym Tynystanov. Together they participated in the work on preparing a new Kyrgyz alphabet based on Latin, replacing the old Arabic one. Together they promoted popular education — the school and political-educational network, theater, and artistic literature. From June 1929 to February 1931, Joldoshev served

26.05.2022, 19:43

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Coal Mining in Kyrgyzstan in the First Half of the Great Patriotic War

Emergency measures were taken to increase the extraction of fuel, primarily coal. Assessing the role of the coal industry, V. I. Lenin said: “Coal is the true bread of industry; without this bread, industry is inactive, and without this bread, railway transport is condemned to the most miserable condition...”. While the Kyrgyz SSR relied mainly on its internal resources for electricity production, the problem of supplying industry and transport with fuel, primarily coal, was solved through

25.05.2022, 16:49

Shabdan Baatyr

Awards of Shabdan Djantaev

CERTIFICATE OF AWARD OF MANAP OF TOKMAK DISTRICT SHABDAN JANTAEV WITH THE MEDAL FOR THE CONQUEST OF THE KHANATE OF KOKAND Tashkent, December 19, 1877. In memory of the hardships and deprivations endured during the Kokand campaign, I, by the HIGHLY GRANTED authority bestowed upon me, award Manap Shabdan Jantaev the medal established "for the conquest of the Khanate of Kokand," and I hope that he will always be distinguished by diligence and loyalty to the Government. Given in the city

22.05.2022, 18:33

Kurmanjan Datka

Abdullabek and Pulat-Khan: A Story of Pride

The choice of Kurmandzhan Datka, who accepted Russian citizenship, predetermined, as is known, the further historical path of the southern Kyrgyz. However, another scenario was also possible, embodied in the fate of the impostor Pulat-Khan and the rebellious son of the Alay queen, Abdullabek. The stories of their fates are both interesting and instructive... It is known what the fate of the Alay people would have been had they followed not the advice of their wise matriarch but the calls of

21.05.2022, 13:26

Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s

Program of the Alash Party

A. Bukeykhanov, M. Tynyshpayev, Zh. Seydalin, M. Dulatov, and others played a significant role in the creation of the Alash Party. However, the idea of transforming it into a branch of the Cadet Party was not supported by the II Congress of the Cadets in 1906. Neither the Russian autocracy nor the Russian liberals could accept the Alashists' platform for creating an autonomous state formation within Russia. The precedent for creating autonomy, initiated by those who believed it necessary

17.05.2022, 22:20

Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War

Resumption of Construction of the Lebedinovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station on the Bolshoy Chuy in 1942

In April 1942, the Soviet People's Commissariat and the Central Committee of the VKP(b) of Kyrgyzstan appealed to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the VKP(b) for the resumption of construction of the Lebedinovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station on the Bolshoy Chuy Canal in 1942, with the first phase capacity of 4,200 kW (construction had begun in May 1941, but due to the wartime situation, work was temporarily suspended). A special commission

16.05.2022, 13:21

Peoples movements of Central Asia in the XIX century

Outcomes of Popular Movements in Central Asia in the 19th Century

The uprisings and revolts that took place in Kyrgyzstan, as well as in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan in the 19th century, had deep socio-economic roots. They were prepared by the entire course of historical development of the region's population during the period in question and stemmed from the socio-economic and political situation that had developed in the region in the 19th century. The historical conditions under which the struggle of the masses for social and national

15.05.2022, 09:38

1937 in Kyrgyzstan

The Career Ladder of T. Dzholdoshev

After graduating from the institute, Joldoshev was assigned to the Department of Public Education of the Kara-Kyrgyz Oblast Executive Committee. Finally, he was going home! This coincided with Kyrgyzstan gaining the status of an autonomous region within the RSFSR. Young, full of hope, plans, and youthful enthusiasm, Tokchoro actively engaged in the process of socialist reconstruction of his homeland, where the positions of the old world were still strong, indeed, strong. And the feverish

14.05.2022, 09:19

Shabdan Baatyr

Report of M.D. Skobeleva to General-Adjutant Kofman on the Alai Expedition

Kokand, October 23, 1876 ... On July 18 [1876], at 4 a.m., I moved the vanguard of the Osh column (a sapper team, a dismounted rocket platoon, and Shabdan's horsemen) from the camp on the Lenjir River (Karjik), under the command of Captain Bogolyubov; an hour later, the 3rd and 4th companies of the 1st Turkestan Rifle Battalion set out; the pack train, due to reports of the extreme difficulty of the upcoming road, was left at the camp under the cover of the Siberian half-company

12.05.2022, 11:31