Kyrgyzstan Continues to Increase Its National Debt. How Much and From Whom Does the Country Borrow?

Ирэн Орлонская Economy
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As of October 31, the national debt of Kyrgyzstan amounted to $8 billion 692.52 million, increasing by $2.1 billion since the beginning of the year. External obligations total $5 billion 162.90 million, while internal obligations are $3 billion 529.62 million. Compared to December 31, 2024, the external debt has increased by $648.04 million, and the internal debt has risen by $1 billion 474.9 million.

Kaktus.media analyzed the number of credit and grant agreements signed since the beginning of the year and identified the main donors willing to provide funds to the republic.

Funding Areas

Despite positive economic indicators and increased budget revenues, Kyrgyzstan continues to seek support from international donors for the implementation of various projects. Most of the funds are directed towards the development of energy, education, and business support.

Here is a list of key organizations and projects for which the republic has received approval for funding:

This is only a part of the projects reported by the editorial team. The actual amount of allocated funds may be higher, as some agreements were reached earlier, and the inflow of funds occurs gradually. However, there is no unified platform for monitoring inflows and expenditures.

Grant Funding

It should be noted that almost every loan agreement includes a grant component that does not need to be repaid. Although government agencies do not always provide complete data on the size of grants, our editorial team has gathered known information.

Here is a list of key organizations and projects for which the republic has received approval for grants this year:

This data may be incomplete, as technical assistance is also considered a form of support. The amounts under such assistance are often not disclosed, as Kyrgyzstan receives equipment, construction of buildings, or project preparation.

Main Donors

Since the beginning of the year, Kyrgyzstan has signed agreements for loans and grants totaling $1.2 billion. Of this, $1 billion 93.8 million are loans and $12.2 million are grants. The main donor is South Korea, which plans to finance projects in Kyrgyzstan amounting to $500 million over the next four years.

In the first 18 years of independence, the republic was cautious in attracting external loans. From 1992 to 2009, loan agreements totaling $3 billion 69.6 million were signed, while from 2010 to 2023, this figure doubled, reaching $6 billion 210 million.

The total amount of grant funding from 1991 to 2023 amounted to $4 billion, with the largest number of grants received by the republic in 2014-2016 — $1 billion 69.5 million. The smallest amounts were allocated in 1993 and 2002, each $5 million. The largest number of grants was aimed at budget support — $1.3 billion.

In the coming years, Kyrgyzstan does not plan to refuse financial assistance. According to the Ministry of Finance, over the next six years, the republic plans to borrow 152.3 billion soms, while the inflow of official transfers (grants and state investments) will decrease from 13 billion 484.3 million soms in 2025 to 685.7 million soms in 2029.
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