Researchers found that participants in the experiment who ran for half an hour showed improved results on a mood questionnaire. There was a noted decrease in anger, fatigue, and overall anxiety levels, while all subjects experienced increased energy and self-confidence.
In mice, scientists were able to track biochemical processes. After physical exertion, the animals showed an increase in the hormone adiponectin in their blood and medial prefrontal cortex, which activated the AdipoR1 receptor in certain neurons, initiated the APPL1 protein, and triggered a series of molecular changes that contributed to the formation and strengthening of neural synapses. Notably, blocking AdipoR1 or APPL1 completely eliminated the behavior improvement effect.
The authors of the study note that a similar effect on neuronal dendritic spines is observed with the use of some fast-acting antidepressants, such as ketamine. This discovery allows for the adiponectin pathway to be considered a promising target for the development of new drugs, including synthetic agonists like AdipoRon, which has not yet been tested on humans. At the same time, scientists emphasize that regular physical activity, even if occasional, can serve as a beneficial strategy for alleviating symptoms of depression and preventing its development, especially for those who face difficulties in finding suitable medication therapy.
