A study conducted by scientists from the University of Toronto has demonstrated that intestinal immune cells can provide sustained protection against viruses. In the course of their work, they synthesize IgA antibodies using an unusual approach, which contributes to the formation of long-lasting immunity. The results of this study are published in the journal Cell.
During the experiment, it was found that the intestine uses a unique and short scheme for producing IgA antibodies in response to rotavirus. This process bypasses one of the standard stages of immune system activation, allowing the body to more quickly produce protective antibodies. These antibodies not only form rapidly but also possess high durability—they remain in the body for at least 200 days after the virus has been eliminated.
This discovery explains why oral vaccines against rotavirus and poliovirus provide long-term immunity. Scientists suggest that the specific anatomy of the intestine and its rich microbiome play an important role in creating such effective protection.
The results obtained open new horizons for the development of oral vaccines against respiratory viruses, such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. The Gomerman laboratory has already applied for the creation of a vaccine against avian influenza and is working on improving existing injectable vaccines to stimulate the IgA response.
