Rain and Storms in the Works of Togolok Moldo

Understanding the Formation of the Universe and the Development of Living Organisms and Plants by Togolok Moldo

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At the same time, observing nature, he was one of the first to give characteristics to each natural phenomenon individually — rain, water, wind, fire, and the Earth itself — in the poem "Zher jana anyn baldary" (Earth and Its Children).

Comparing these characteristics with known scientific facts allows us to speak of a fairly high degree of reliability in his judgments. Here’s how the poet describes the formation of rain:
Darya, dediz, keldirden,
Suraп budou, suu alğan.
Asmandy kurçap burkelup
Suu alğan budou kuralğan.
Makhtanbagyn jamgyrım,
Denizdin sen da suususun.
Alıp kelgen buluttun,
Suusu turusun buususuv.

The clouds begged for water
From rivers, seas, and lakes.
The clouds darken and cover the sky.
Don’t boast, my rain,
You are the water of the seas,
Brought by the clouds.

Now all children know that water exists not only in liquid form: when it freezes, it becomes ice, and when it heats up, it turns into vapor. In the form of vapor, water exists in the lower layers of the atmosphere (even in such places as waterless deserts). And water in the form of vapor is the main factor influencing the weather. From this vapor, clouds, fogs, rains, and snows are formed. On the surface of our planet, the water cycle continuously occurs: from the surface of oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, fields, and forests, water vapor rises into the air, then cools and turns into the clouds or fogs we see, after which the water vapor returns to the earth or to the seas and oceans in the form of snow, rain, or hail. Observing this water cycle, the poet believed that in the material world, quantity and quality are variable, interconnected, and condition each other. Of course, not everything in natural phenomena was understood correctly by the poet:
Tarsyldap asman atyshkan
Jaan dinin baary kuch menen.

In the sky, thunder rumbles,
In it lies the power of rain.

Thunderstorms are one of the most interesting phenomena of nature. For ages, people have been struck by the rumbling of thunder and the flash of lightning, and torrential rains accompanied by strong thunders and lightning often brought disasters. The people saw in thunderstorms mysterious forces that they could not understand. Togolok Moldo's explanations of the thunderstorm process somewhat correspond to reality.

A thunderstorm, as is known, is a natural phenomenon accompanied by either visible lightning, audible rumbles of thunder, or both simultaneously. Thunderclouds are formed as a result of vertical movements of moist air, arising from strong and rapid heating, from the rising air along the slopes of hills and mountains, from the spreading of cold air over a layer of warm air, and finally, from its ascent along the frontal surface. Thunderstorms and their accompanying phenomena (downpours, hail, squally winds) bring cumulonimbus clouds, sometimes called thunderstorm clouds. Cumulonimbus clouds have tops shaped like towers and mountains and reach enormous heights (9-11 kilometers). The upper parts of these clouds consist of ice crystals and often spread horizontally, taking on the shape of anvils. The observant poet, not knowing the scientific explanation for cloud formation, saw the cause of the gray fog, the gray day before the rain, in the action of the clouds:
Munaryk tuman kubarğan.
Zherdin juzu tunarğan.
Munun baary muruntan,
Buluttun kuchu kuralğan.

The light mist of fog has faded,
The earth has disappeared, become murky,
All this
Was created by the power of the clouds.

Describing lightning, the poet did not attempt to explain its nature, limiting himself only to the external picture:
Bulut kechup buzuluп
Birine-biri urunup
Kün kurkurup tarsyldap,
Chagylgan uchup jarkyldap,
Bulut kechup belunup
Kyzyl munar kerunup.

Colliding with each other,
The clouds disperse,
Thunder rumbles,
Lightning flashes,
In the gaps of the clouds
A red glow flares up.