Natural ecological complexes

Zone "Toguz-Toroo" ("Nine Chestnuts")

The zone "Toguz-Toroo" ("nine bays") includes the valley of the same name, the southern slopes of the Moldo-Too ridge (eastern part), and the valley of the Naryn River up to the mouth of the Kekemerena tributary. The center of the zone, the district center of Kazarman, is located 200 kilometers by road from the city of Naryn. The settlement got its name from the barracks of the cavalry unit of the Red Army that were stationed here during the fight against the Basmachi. The

12.07.2014, 12:46

Natural ecological complexes

Zone "Ak-Talaa"

The "Ak-Talaa" zone includes the valleys of the Ala-Buka, Arpa, and Terek rivers, as well as the southern slopes of the Moldo-Too ridge within the middle reaches of the Naryn River. The center of the zone, the district center of Bayetovo, is located approximately 120 km from the city of Naryn. Within the zone, the Naryn River collects numerous large and small tributaries, becoming turbulent and full-flowing, comparable to a mighty hero bringing warmth and light to people. Over many

12.07.2014, 12:29

Natural ecological complexes

Zone "Chatyr-Kel"

The Chatyr-Kel Zone includes a significantly elevated intermountain basin with a lake of the same name, stretching from the southwest to the northeast for 70 km from the Tuz-Bel pass to the watershed of the Kek-Ayghyr River, and the western part of the Aksai Valley. The zone is located along the highway from Naryn city to Torugart village, 130-140 km from Naryn. The road bypasses the lake from the west and south and leads into the Aksai Valley. The mountain ranges framing the basin reach their

11.07.2014, 13:54

Natural ecological complexes

Zone "At-Bashi"

The At-Bashi Zone includes the Atbashi-Karakoyun Valley. The center of the zone, the village of At-Bashi, is located 50 kilometers from the city of Naryn. The valley floor rises from 2000 to 3200 meters above sea level. Its total length is 160 kilometers and about 30 kilometers wide. The valley is surrounded on all sides by mountain ridges: to the south is At-Bashi (4786 m); to the north are Naryn-Tuu (4944 m) and Baibiche-Tuu (4434 m); to the west is Djaman-Tuu (4737 m). The At-Bashi River is

11.07.2014, 13:13

Natural ecological complexes

Zone "Maly Naryn"

The "Maly Naryn" zone encompasses the valley of the river of the same name, located between the ridges of Jetim-Bel, Kapkatap, Karadjorgo, Jetim-Too, Uch-Emchek, and Terskey Ala-Too. Approximately 25 km from the mouth, where the Maly Naryn flows into the Naryn (2253 m), the river valley makes a sharp turn at a right angle against the southern slopes of the Kapkatash ridge and stretches almost 100 km strictly to the east. On the right bank of the river in the area of the bend and on

11.07.2014, 12:43

Natural ecological complexes

"Pamir-Alai Zone"

The Pamir-Alai Zone encompasses a section of the Alai Valley, which stretches along the major water artery of the south of the republic, the Kyzyl-Suu River. It is bordered to the south by the northern slopes of the heavenly Zaalai (Chon-Alai) range and to the north by the southern slopes of the Alai range. From the city of Osh, the famous Pamir Highway leads to the zone, connecting the city of Osh with the village of Gulcha and the village of Sary-Tash, which then continues to the city of

10.07.2014, 20:35

Natural ecological complexes

Zone "Shakhimardan" (Shaimerden)

The Shakhimardan Zone (Shaimerden) encompasses the basin of the Shakhimardan-Sai River. There is a road leading here from the city of Osh to the village of Frunze. The village produces the best antimony in the world. There are many springs with low-temperature mineralized water in its vicinity. The Shakhimardan-Sai River is formed by the Ak-Suu (on the left) and Kek-Suu (on the right). Below the confluence of these rivers in the valley of the Shakhimardan-Sai stand two powerful cliffs,

09.07.2014, 19:05

Natural ecological complexes

Zone "Isfayram-Sai"

Zone "Isfayram-Sai". The left tributary of the Isfayram-Sai River is the Surme-Tash River, which originates from glaciers above the peak of Kara-Kaayk ("black pole"), while the right tributary is Archa-Kanysh, merging at an elevation of about 2850 m. The Isfayram-Sai gorge is very rocky. Thickets of juniper and shrubs often hang over the water. Several side gorges of small tributaries branch off from the main gorge in the upper reaches: Kel, Jashil-Kel, Sauk-Dzhailoo,

09.07.2014, 18:27

Sculpture

The Development of Sculpture in Kyrgyzstan Since the 1960s

In the 1960s, in Kyrgyzstan, as in other republics of the country, a new stage in the development of sculpture and monumental art began, which continues to this day. This period marks the flourishing of the work of the first national sculptor T. Sadykov, who trained under the outstanding Soviet sculptors S. T. Konenkov and E. F. Belashova, as well as sculptors Z. Khabibulin, A. Mukhtudinov, V. Shestopal, and D. Kheidze, who graduated from the country's art universities. During these

09.07.2014, 15:21

Natural ecological complexes

"Chil-Ustun Zone"

The Chil-Ustun Zone includes the Chil-Ustun, Chil-Mayram, and Keklik-Too mountains located around the village of Aravan, which rise sharply among the flat plains with rocky ridges along the Arawan-Say River valley. The distance from the city of Osh is about 30 km along the highway west to the village of Aravan. The territory of the zone is situated within the arid landscapes of Southern Pritfergan, occupying the hilly slopes of low ridges. In small areas that have remained in their natural

09.07.2014, 15:15

Natural ecological complexes

Zone "Osh"

The "Osh" zone introduces tourists to the attractions of the ancient city of Osh. The city is over three thousand years old, rather than the two hundred years previously thought. It is the oldest city in our country and a contemporary of Rome. Modern Osh is the second largest city in Kyrgyzstan. It sprawls across the foothill valley on both banks of the mountain river Akbuura, at an altitude of 940—1070 m above sea level. Its layout clearly shows the ancient part and the new part,

09.07.2014, 11:28

Natural ecological complexes

Zone "Tar"

The "Tar" zone includes the valley of the river of the same name and its tributaries. In this area, the river changes its name four times — Aлай-Куу, Ой-Тал, Tar, and then becomes Карадарья. The valley is bordered by the Fergana Ridge to the north and the Alai Ridge to the south. A road runs along the river from the city of Uzgen to the village of Kashka-Suu. The valley, with its large and turbulent Tar River, is surrounded on all sides by steep rocky slopes. For many thousands of

09.07.2014, 10:38

Natural ecological complexes

Zone "Yassy"

The Yassy Zone occupies the valley of the same name, located near the city of Uzgen, 80 km from Osh. The Yassy River (Jazy) flows along the valley, and there is a road leading from Uzgen to the village of October 15. The area is characterized by magnificent climatic conditions — mild temperatures throughout the year, relatively low precipitation, and gentle winds that positively affect the human body, making this zone a potential climate resort. In the Yassy Valley, as well as in other gorges

08.07.2014, 17:53

Natural ecological complexes

Contrasts of Southern Kyrgyzstan

Have you ever, in a short span of time measured in hours, visited a hot valley, tasted sweet melons and watermelons; walked through mountain gorges that caress with coolness; indulged in the numerous gifts of berry bushes and nut-fruit trees; climbed to blooming alpine meadows and finally touched snow with your hand? If not, we invite you to visit the southern region of Kyrgyzstan. The natural borders of the region are the crests of powerful mountain ranges: to the north — Chatkal, to the east

08.07.2014, 17:01

Circus

From the History of the Kyrgyz Circus

Elements of circus art can be found in various types of national games, especially in equestrian ones. This is mentioned in the epic "Manas" and other minor epics. The national Kyrgyz game "selkinchek" is rich in elements of gymnastics, acrobatics, and equilibristics.

08.07.2014, 15:18

Domestic policy

Kyrgyzstan on the Path to an Open Society

Kyrgyzstan today is a sovereign independent state building an open society. An open society is one where the individual, their freedom, dignity, and well-being are placed above all else. That is why humanity strives to live in an open society.

28.06.2014, 14:03

Kyrgyzstan — a sovereign state

Journey to the Kyrgyz Living Abroad

The Kyrgyz are one of the oldest peoples who lived in Central Asia and roamed the vast expanses of Asia. In the last millennium, they finally settled in the modern territory of Kyrgyzstan, which became their historical homeland. However, many Kyrgyz lived abroad, and connections with them were hardly maintained.

28.06.2014, 13:04

Foreign policy

The Foreign Policy of Sovereign Kyrgyzstan

Sovereign Kyrgyzstan is an equal member of the international community. One of the most important tasks of any sovereign state is to establish equal relations with other countries of the world. Remember, could Kyrgyzstan independently engage with foreign states during the Soviet era? Did they recognize Kyrgyzstan as a sovereign independent state? Of course not. Because at that time, Kyrgyzstan was considered just a part of the great power of the USSR. Only after the proclamation of

28.06.2014, 12:22

Domestic policy

Kyrgyzstan — Our Common Home: Interethnic Relations

Kyrgyzstan — the homeland of a multinational people. The population of Kyrgyzstan is 5,776,570 people (January 2014). The main population of the country is 4,193,850 people or 72.6% — Kyrgyz. Kyrgyz people live throughout the country and dominate in most rural areas. The second largest group is Uzbeks — 836,065 people, who make up 14.5% of the population and are concentrated in the southwestern part of the country in border areas with Uzbekistan. Russians — 369,939 people, make up 6.4%,

28.06.2014, 12:03

Kyrgyzstan — a sovereign state

New Trends in the Culture, Science, and Education of Kyrgyzstan

Changes in the Cultural Sphere. Independence and the democratic processes occurring in public life have brought renewal to the science, education, and culture of the republic. First of all, culture has freed itself from the ideological oversight of the party, which accompanied it throughout the years of Soviet power. No film, book, or play reached the people without strict censorship from the party: it determined what was worth reading, watching, and what was not. The lifting of censorship

28.06.2014, 11:01

Kyrgyzstan — a sovereign state

The Economic Situation of Sovereign Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan gained independence in a complex economic and political environment. With the transition to market relations, the unified economic complex that had been established in the USSR began to disintegrate. Economic ties between neighboring enterprises, which supplied each other with components for production, were severed. Kyrgyzstan, which had traditionally supplied raw materials and received finished products from other republics, found itself in a difficult situation. Supply contracts

28.06.2014, 10:16

Kyrgyzstan — a sovereign state

Strengthening the New State. The Constitution of Kyrgyzstan

Adoption of the New Constitution With the acquisition of independence, the renewal of the state structure began in Kyrgyzstan. It was urgent to address important issues: on what principles will power be exercised in the country, what powers will the president and the main branches of state power — executive, legislative, and judicial — be endowed with; to establish state symbols — coat of arms, anthem, flag. New laws were needed to regulate the activities of the young state and ensure its

21.06.2014, 15:54

National symbols

The National Anthem of Kyrgyzstan

Every morning, broadcasts of Kyrgyz radio begin with the solemn melody of the National Anthem, which, along with the flag and coat of arms, is an official symbol of the Kyrgyz Republic. It is performed at the opening and closing of formal gatherings, meetings, and other events of state significance, during the unveiling of monuments and memorials in honor of significant events or outstanding figures, when welcoming heads of foreign states, and at all ceremonies accompanied by the raising of

21.06.2014, 15:22

National symbols

State Emblem of Kyrgyzstan

Emblem — one of the official symbols of a sovereign state, its emblem. It reflects the socio-political idea of the country. The state emblem is placed on the buildings of the highest state authorities, state institutions, embassies of the Kyrgyz Republic, in courtrooms, and is depicted on seals and forms of state documentation, on securities, coins, border posts, etc. The emblem of Kyrgyzstan was approved on January 14, 1994. Its authors are artist Aseyin Abdrayev and police general Sadyrbek

21.06.2014, 15:11

National symbols

State Flag of Kyrgyzstan

Flag Often, while watching television broadcasts, we witness the national flag of a country being raised to the solemn melody of the national anthem during official state events, the Olympic Games, and other international sports competitions. A special feeling of pride overwhelms a person when it is the flag of their homeland. The state flag is one of the main symbols of sovereign Kyrgyzstan, its distinguishing mark. It is hoisted on the buildings of the highest state authorities, state

21.06.2014, 15:04

Famous personalities of Kyrgyzstan / Historical figures

Askar Akayev — the First President of the Kyrgyz Republic

The President of the Kyrgyz Republic is a nationally elected head of state, a symbol of the unity of the people and the state. The President is the highest official, guaranteeing the rights and freedoms provided to every citizen by the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic.

21.06.2014, 14:22

Kyrgyzstan — a sovereign state

Establishment of Kyrgyz National Statehood

The coup of August 19, 1991. The course of deepening democratic changes in the USSR, conducted by M. Gorbachev, did not satisfy some high-ranking state officials. They were more attracted to the previous authoritarian-command system: under the new conditions, they could simply be sidelined with their conservative views, i.e., lose power. Therefore, they waited for a convenient opportunity to restore the influence of the Communist Party, eliminate the democratic forces and parties gaining

21.06.2014, 13:59

Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period

The Art of the Kyrgyz in the Soviet Union

During the years of Soviet power, the spiritual and physical culture of Kyrgyzstan reached unprecedented heights. It was during this period that a distinctive national professional written literature of the Kyrgyz people emerged, along with remarkable advancements in visual arts, cinema, theater, music, and sports.

18.06.2014, 13:23

Sports

Kyrgyz Sports and Athletes in the Soviet Period

Kyrgyz people have long been close to sports: their nomadic lifestyle was associated with the necessity to constantly defend their land from enemies, to fight against natural elements for survival, and to overcome various difficulties. These circumstances required agility, skill, and endurance. Many traditional games of the Kyrgyz were competitive in nature and trained young men to become resilient fighters, the future defenders of the Motherland. However, the widespread development of

18.06.2014, 13:14

Literature

Literature of the Kyrgyz during the Soviet Period

The foundation of Kyrgyz written literature was the rich oral folk creativity. Therefore, it is not surprising that the first works of Kyrgyz akyns and writers continued the traditions of folklore in both form and content. Before the establishment of national writing and printing, gifted Kyrgyz poets and writers wrote and published their works in Kazakh and Tatar languages.

18.06.2014, 12:22

Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period

Public Education and Science in Kyrgyzstan

Education. By the time Soviet power was established in Kyrgyzstan, its population was completely illiterate. There were few schools, and literacy in the native language was not developing. There were no national personnel in the education sector.

17.06.2014, 21:46

Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period

Kyrgyzstan in the Years of Perestroika

A Turn in Social and Political Life. By the mid-1980s, a deep crisis had emerged in all spheres of public life in the USSR. Its international prestige had fallen. The existing administrative-command system of governance no longer corresponded to the conditions of the changing times.

17.06.2014, 15:46

Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period

Socialism: Achievements and Drawbacks of Soviet Kyrgyzstan (1964-1985)

Soviet Kyrgyzstan The period when L. Brezhnev was at the head of the state management of the USSR is referred to by historians as "developed socialism." Indeed, during this time, the USSR transformed into a state with a developed economy and a powerful army. The standard of living for people significantly improved. The country gained international recognition. However, at the same time, many economic, social, and political problems and tasks remained unresolved in the country.

13.06.2014, 17:19

Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period

Restoration and Development of the National Economy of Kyrgyzstan (1946-1964)

Transition of Industry to Peaceful Rails. Transition of Industry to Peaceful Rails. With the end of the war, new tasks arose for the Soviet people. The USSR adopted a five-year development plan for 1946-1950, under which everything was subordinated to the main goal — to restore the war-damaged national economy and ensure its pre-war level of development. Factories and plants were urgently converted to produce goods necessary for peaceful construction. Life gradually returned to its normal

13.06.2014, 14:21

Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period

The Rear in Kyrgyzstan Supports the Front

The Rear in Kyrgyzstan Industry. A significant part of the European territory of the USSR was at war, and many industrial regions were occupied by the enemy. To ensure victory on the front, it was necessary to urgently transform the republics in the rear into a military arsenal. All of Kyrgyzstan's industry was converted to produce military orders — weapons, ammunition, food, and clothing. "Everything for the front! Everything for victory!" — under this slogan, workers toiled

13.06.2014, 13:33

Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period

The Great Patriotic War. The Feats of the Warriors from Kyrgyzstan

The Beginning of the Great Patriotic War. In 1939, fascist Germany unleashed World War II. In a short time, it occupied many European countries. Strengthening its military potential even further, Germany aimed to conquer world domination and enslave the peoples of the entire planet. At dawn on June 22, 1941, the German-fascist invaders violated the Soviet border and suddenly invaded the peaceful territory of the Soviet Union.

13.06.2014, 12:02

Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period

Strengthening the Administrative-Command System of Kyrgyzstan

Establishment of Autocracy. The Soviet power had many enemies—both external and internal. They constantly attempted to overthrow the new authority. To maintain power under these conditions, the Bolshevik party needed a strong government. Therefore, a one-party system had to be established in the country. The Bolsheviks banned the activities of other parties besides their own and removed their representatives from power. To preserve party unity, the Bolsheviks also imposed a ban on the

07.06.2014, 15:52

Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period

Formation and Development of the National Statehood of Kyrgyzstan

National Policy of Soviet Power Among the main points of the Bolshevik party program, led by V. I. Lenin, was the elimination of social and national oppression. On January 2, 1918, the Soviet government published the Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia, which proclaimed: “The peoples living in Russia are free and equal.” Initially, there was distrust towards the Soviet power among the people of Turkestan. This was skillfully exploited by its enemies. “The Bolsheviks are

31.05.2014, 15:07

Kyrgyzstan — a sovereign state

On the Path to Sovereignty and Independence of the Kyrgyz Republic

On the Path to Sovereignty and Independence: The Oath-Taking by Askar Akayev As part of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan went through a complex path to gain independence. However, as an independent republic, it still did not have full freedom, for example, in addressing political, economic, national, and other issues. Kyrgyzstan could not independently establish diplomatic relations with other countries, nor could it manage its natural resources independently. Even for the construction of an

31.05.2014, 12:06

Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period

Socialist Transformations in the Economy of Kyrgyzstan

Land Redistribution. One of the main issues that the revolution had to address was the question of land distribution to the peasants, who made up the majority of the population in Russia and its outskirts. To win the support of the peasantry, the Soviet government adopted the Decree on Land, which outlined the main directions of the new government's agrarian policy. According to this decree, all imperial, landlord, church, and monastery lands were confiscated along with their inventory

31.05.2014, 11:38

Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period

The Overthrow of Autocracy and the Establishment of Soviet Power in Kyrgyzstan

The Tsar is Overthrown. The life of the people did not improve. In early 1917, the news spread among the Kyrgyz ails: “The White Tsar has been overthrown!” Hope flickered among the people: “Now Russia has become a free country, perhaps the Kyrgyz will be given freedom too.” But this did not happen. The Provisional Government of landowners and capitalists that took charge of Russia had no intention of meeting the needs of the people. In Kyrgyzstan, no changes occurred. After the uprising, the

31.05.2014, 10:57

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

The First Kyrgyz Enlighteners

The First Enlighteners: Ishenaly Arabayev, Ibraim Abdyrahmanov After Kyrgyzstan joined Russia, conditions arose for the development of education, enlightenment, and scientific research in the region. A significant role in the enlightenment of the people belonged to the first Kyrgyz enlighteners — Osmonaly Sydyk uulu, Belek Soltonoev, Ishenaly Arabayev, Ibraim Abdyrahmanov, and others.

30.05.2014, 20:38

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

Famous Manaschi, Poets, Musicians

The incorporation of Kyrgyzstan into Russia was of great significance not only for the internal political, economic, and social development of Kyrgyz society but also contributed to progressive changes in its culture.

30.05.2014, 19:34

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

National Liberation Struggle of the Kyrgyz

Andijan Uprising. The main reasons for the uprising were unbearable living conditions and the arbitrariness of the tsarist authorities. On May 17, 1898, closer to evening, people began to gather in the village of Min-Tyube — Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Tajiks. Gradually, their number reached 200 people. The village ishan (religious leader) Madalі — a well-known and respected man who had made a pilgrimage to Mecca — spoke with anger about how the Russians brought drunkenness into the lives of Muslims,

30.05.2014, 17:40

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

Colonial Policy of Tsarism towards the Kyrgyz

Administration. Russia introduced its own system of administrative governance in Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan was divided into regions, regions into districts. Districts, in turn, were divided into volosts, which included ails. Volosts consisted of one or two thousand households (families), while ails comprised one hundred to two hundred households. A total of 73 volosts were established. At the head of the regions and districts were Russian officials. These were usually imperial officers, as the

30.05.2014, 16:44

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

The Conquest of Southern Kyrgyzstan by Russia

In the mid-19th century, the population of Southern Kyrgyzstan was still under the yoke of the Kokand Khanate. However, the political situation and the status of the khanate were no longer as stable as before. Internal contradictions and ongoing palace coups, on the one hand, exacerbated the already difficult situation in the khanate, and on the other hand, facilitated Russia's task of conquering the Fergana Valley and Southern Kyrgyzstan as a whole.

25.05.2014, 21:13

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

The Joining of Northern Kyrgyzstan to Russia

The Creation of an Independent Kyrgyz Khanate and Its Collapse. In the mid-19th century, the prominent Sarybagysh manap Ormon Niyazbek uulu attempted to unite the northern Kyrgyz tribes living in the Chui Valley, along the Naryn River, and around Lake Issyk-Kul, with the aim of creating an independent khanate. In 1842, he convened a kurultai in the Kyzyl-Tokoy area on the western shore of Lake Issyk-Kul and invited representatives from the Sarybagysh, Bughu, Solto, Sayak, Saruu, Kushchu, and

25.05.2014, 19:48

Kyrgyzstan as part of Russia

The title translates to: "The Closer Ties Between Kyrgyzstan and Russia."

Atake Batyr was a biya - the ruler of the Sarybagysh clan, living in the Chuy Valley. To hide a defect in his lower jaw, he had to wear a special bandage covering his mouth. Due to his wisdom and insight, Atake Batyr was highly respected by ordinary people and held authority among the elders and leaders of Kyrgyz tribes.

25.05.2014, 18:57